In a Kendo match played by the author (a high school student then) in 2007, a referee pointed out that a kendo is a “hitting play kendo”. The referee intended to express a concern with this word that the author’s willingness to win the match by a Yuko-datotsu judged as an “Ippon” is not enough. The author didn’t recognize then that there are two styles in the Kendo world: hitting play kendo and not-hitting play kendo. Thereafter, however, as continu-ing to practice kendo after going on to a university, the author has become convinced that the differences between these two kendo styles should be clarified. This conviction has made the author to engage in this study. In the meantime, however, although the issues over the style of hitting play kendo have been negatively discussed among Kendo coaches, the style of hitting play kendo itself has never been studied at a level of academic papers. All Ja-pan Kendo Federation established “the mindset of kendo Instruction” (2007) to deepen understanding of “concept of kendo “(1975). However, hitting play kendo still exists firmly today in kendo world. Why is it? How should interpret this phenomenon?
　　The purpose of this research clarifies histories of the principles of Katana (here after, K-kendo) and hitting play kendo (hereafter, H-kendo), insistences, and logics to overcome a problem to solve the conflict between their kendo, through documents analysis and interview to researchers. Main results are as follows.
　　(1) The beginning of Atekko (hitting play) can date back to 1820s, when the bamboo sword practice (Shi-nai-uchikomi-geiko) had been starting for 100 years. After the Second World War, modern kendo re-started as physical education and a sport while the idea of the Japanese sword was wiped out from there. All Japan Kendo Federation comprised the concept of kendo (1975) to put a brake of the spreading of hitting play. Under such cir-cumstance, the concept of H-kendo was clarified. Subsequently, the author provided a new direction of “the con-cept of kendo” with “The Mindset of Kendo Instruction (2003)” and its significance of existence has not been lost yet.
　　(2) The striking and stabbing like the hitting play was gradually corrected when a rule Yuko-datotsu was prescribed in detail over 2002 after “the concept of kendo” was enacted. The intention and position of All Japan Kendo Federation to correct the style of hitting play kendo by making those practicing kendo and playing kendo matches follow K-Kendo can be seen here.
　　(3) K-kendo comprises following factors such as not losing the right posture; a notability that can easily transfer between offense and defense from the right posture by the reasonable movement; a grace that combined with functional beauty.
　　(4) H-kendo enables to use various dynamic techniques in the competition rule, but that does not disobey the rule though it is criticized by instructors of K-kendo.
　　(5) To solve the conflicts between K-kendo and H-kendo, Otsuka suggested the idea and technique of “the bamboo sword kendo”, Kidera suggested to examine the walk form of the early modern, and Oboki suggested a theory from the idea and technique of Japanese sword.

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