While on a tour of research in the north central part of Chiba-ken, known as Imba-gun, the writer found two hundred and nine sites of stone-age remains.According to patterns on the pottery and their forms, they were classified into eleven types.He has then endeavored to show which type occupies what part of the precinct.Some of the sites cover a wide area, while others are quite small.It is generally supposed that the former type is older than the latter.He hopes that this work will supply some data in the study of the geographical distribution of types of stone-age pottery in this County.

抄録全体を表示

羽根尾貝塚と泥炭層遺跡は,神奈川県小田原市羽根尾において発見された縄文時代前期中葉の遺跡であり,1998年から1999年にかけて筆者等により発掘調査が行われた。
遺跡はJR東海道線二宮駅西方約2.5kmに位置し,現相模湾より内陸に約1km入った地区にあたる。貝塚及び泥炭質包含層は地表下2～4mという深さに遺存しており,低位の幅狭い丘陵突端部の両側斜面と近接する同一地形の斜面計3カ所から発見されている。これらの斜面部には小規模な貝塚の形成のみならず,往時の汀線ラインに寄り着いたと考えられる多くの樹木類と木製櫂が点在している状況を加え,縄文前期海進により湾入した海水面汀線に沿った地点であったと考えられる。この汀線ラインには多くの人工遺物,自然遺物が廃棄されており,遺跡が埋没する中で低湿地化が進み,厚い堆積土の下に貝塚をも包み込むように泥炭層が形成されたのである。
標高22～24mを測る斜面部には当初前期関山II式からの古段階にかけて貝塚が形成された。この全く撹乱を受けていない貝層中には,土器・石器類そして多くの獣・魚骨と骨角器が良好な保存状態で遺存しており,当時の相模湾において船を用いたイルカ・カツオ・メカジキ・サメ・イシナギなどの外洋性漁労が活発に行われたことが知られる。さらに貝塚の端部には屈葬と考えられる埋葬人骨1体も遺されていた。
貝層形成時及び直後の黒浜期に至ると貝塚こそ形成されなくなるが,貝層下端から斜面下方に残された泥炭質包含層中からは大量な廃棄された遺物類が出土した。
多くの遺物が検出されたが,中でもシカ・イノシシの獣骨類とイルカ・カツオの魚骨類は足の踏み場もないほどのおびただしい量が出土しており,水辺の動物解体場を考えさせる状況であった。
このように羽根尾貝塚と泥炭層遺跡からは縄文前期の相模湾岸で行われた陸上での動・植物採集活動と海浜での漁労という両面からの生活実態を知ることができる。また,その他の廃棄された漆器類,木製品類の豊かな木工技術を示す遺物を含めた文化遺物とともにまさに縄文前期のタイムカプセルといえる貴重な調査資料を得ることができた。

抄録全体を表示

Remains of the earliest Jomon age are found in limited areas in southern Kanto, in the suburbs of Yokohama and Mishima. There is no sign of a pit house, but fire places are discovered. The local community of that time would seem to equal in scope to the sites of the remains. A local community very often includes several villages or hamlets, which are located in group on topographical features; cape, head land, spit.
Those remains belong to the Hanazumi type, the Sekiyama type, the Kuro hama and Moroiso a.b.c. type. The largest plant of a pit house is 9×6m., whlie the smallest is 2.5×3m. The Minamibori shell mound was formerly a large village, which had five to ten pit houses with a central open space. Both the Fujioka and Fukuoka shell mounds were small hamlets with two or three pit houses.
The Oyaba shell mound was resided by one large family. Its pit house is 9×6m. in area.
Corroboration of the ancient society is difficult, but ethnological and archaeological facts may enable us to reason by analogy. Prehistoric villages, ancient communities, and the landowning groups differ in scope and structurally seem to be more complicated than is ordinarily supposed by scholars.

抄録全体を表示

The site called Fumonji, Tochigi Pref., lies in the Suburbs of Kiryu City. Our digging work was made in the period from Feb. 20 to Mar 5, 1948. At 60-80cm deep underground were inbedded the most early type of Jomon Pottery sherds and above these, namely in the middle or upper layer we also found three different parts of a dwelling dug in the Loam, probably of the Moroiso type. More than three thousands pieces intact or broken pebbeles, half or full worked stone implements and sherds of pottery were collected separately from the all eighteen 2-meters squares and 4 layers representing each main part of the site.
Stone used for these implements as materials, are mainly identified to be Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks, such as chert for blade tools, sandstone for axes, and igneous rocks, such as obsidian for arrowpoints, andesite and basalt for axes and hammer stone, etc. Technically remarkable points with these is that only angular flakes were produced, and marginal chipping is all dominant. Sometimes polishing and sawing are witnessed given for axes. The types and forms are classified as follows (see Fig. 2) :
Miscellaneous pebbles and boulders unclassificable as artifacts 980
Cores utilized for the production of angular flakes 65
Raw angular flakes of small and medium size 681
Apparently utilized angular flakes 33
Flakes with more or less chipped margins 32
Flakes with marginal chipping 9
Arrow points and spear heads 30
Axes 15
Potteries of the earliest Jomon types are presented : 1) A simple type with no pattern. 2) A type of twisted cord patterns. 3) Sherds with roll-stamped patterns. 4) Mito type. 5) Upper Tado type. 6) Lower Tado type. 7) Shiboguchi type. 8) Kayama type. Generally speaking roll-stamped patters, Kayama, Kurohama and Moroiso-types form the principal part of the whole materials (see Table 3 & 4).
Of the earlier Jomon type are found : 1) Lower Hanazumi type. 2) Sekiyama type. 3) Kurohama type. 4) Moroiso type. The sherds of middle and later Jomon types and Yayoi types are rarely to be found.

抄録全体を表示

The Juno Peaty Site is situated on the Shibakawa lowland in the eastern part of Omiya City, Saitama Prefecture, and was investigated on the field from 1977 to 1981. The investigation was conducted to examine the natural environment of this site by the cooporation of archaeologist, geologist and many biologists. As the results, archaeological remains were found abundantly and useful observations were carried out, and many samples for scientific analysis were obtained to reconstruct the Juno's natural environment.
This paper deals with a summary of the Juno Peaty Site with mainly geological evidences and several points of the problem to reconstruct of natural environment of this site. Especially, height and age of the highest sea level on the Holocene Transgression (Jomon Transgression) and palaeovegetation in the Jomon Age are described.
Rising of sea level of Jomon Transgression in this site stagnated temporarily in the Kurohama stage (ca. 5, 700y.B.P.) showh by Kurohama Sand Bed with wave cut platform and trace fossils at 1m height on recent sea level, and thereafter, more risen sea level reached ca. 3m height on recent sea level in Moroiso-a stage. This 3m height indicates a upper limit of marine deposit in the highest sea level stage. Therefore it is presumedthat the highest sea level of Jomon Transgression stay on 3m height or more in the Moroisoa stage (ca. 5, 300y.B.P.) of Early Jomon Age.
On the palaeovegetation in Jomon Age it is thought generally that the laurel forest (Cyclobalanopsis) had covered on the Pacific coast of Japan from Early Jomon Age downward. In the site, however, it was found out that the deciduous broad-leaved forest (Lepidobalanus) was dominant during the Jomon Age. This aspect is in contrast with the viewpoint that the laurel forest covered on the area of the Pacific coast in Japan, and it is characteristic feature found over the central part of Kanto Plain.

抄録全体を表示

Since the middle Jomonian cultural age (about 4, 500y. B. P.) when sea level in the Recent transgression attained the highest level, the tectonic patterns and the rates of the crustal movements in several areas in Japan are demonstrated to continue to the present time.

抄録全体を表示

There are about 103 shellmounds so far found in Japan which produce Haliotidae. Almost all of them are "H. gigantea GMELIN" We have few records available reporting how they were discovered. But it is most probable that the prehistoric men were attracted by the pearly colour of this shell. These ancient people adopted them as food and then as materials of implements and ornaments, lastly as a charm attributing some magic power. We Japanese use "Noshi", the animal of the shell boiled and dried, as a indication of presents. This custom is believed to originate in very early times. It is presumed that in earlier ages their consumers were limited to coast-side inhabitants who collected those shells in the neighboring sea and then the demand expanded to the inland areas in the later prehistoric ages. Some of these cases suggest us the way and the speed of the transportation of this kind of shells.

抄録全体を表示