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  • パスプレーに着目して
    鈴木 健介, 浅井 武, 平嶋 裕輔, 松竹 貴大, 中山 雅雄
    体育学研究
    2019年 64 巻 2 号 761-775
    発行日: 2019/12/16
    公開日: 2019/12/20
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2019/08/20
    ジャーナル フリー
     In football it is necessary to score more goals than one’s opponents in order to win the game. One strategy for gaining goals and scoring opportunities is attacking through the gap between an opposing defender (DF) and a midfielder (MF) (the DF-MF gap). However, research on this form of attack has revealed that it is merely more likely to lead to scoring and scoring opportunities than other forms of attack. In the present study, therefore, through a comparison between the Japanese J League (JL) and the German Bundesliga (BL), we examined the features of DF-MF attack play in the JL and BL and differences between them, in order to clarify the challenges in the JL for creating scoring opportunities. We determined the number of passes into the DF-MF gap, the number of passes from players receiving the ball in the DF-MF gap, and the relationship between receiving the ball in the DF-MF gap and the opposing DF. The sample used for analysis was a total of 40 games: 20 in the JL (2015 season) and 20 in the BL (2015/2016 season). For statistical analysis, independent t test and chi-squared test were conducted. In comparison to the BL, the rate of penetration into the DF-MF gap was lower in the JL. In addition, it became clear that in the JL there was a lower proportion of scoring opportunities such as penetration into the PA and shots when penetrating into the DF-MF gap than was the case in the BL. This was considered to be due to the fact that in the JL, the number of balls received in the DF-MF gap in the direction of goal was lower than that in the BL. Furthermore, in the JL, when the ball was received in the DF-MF gap, the proportion of moves defended from the opponent goal side was higher than in the BL, suggesting a problem in how the ball is received. These findings suggest that in the JL it is necessary to increase the opportunity for scoring by making it easier for the ball to advance in a goalward direction by receiving the ball when separated from the opponent DF.
  • 鈴木 健介, 浅井 武, 平嶋 裕輔, 松竹 貴大, 中山 雅雄
    体育学研究
    2018年 63 巻 2 号 785-797
    発行日: 2018/12/10
    公開日: 2018/12/20
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2018/06/19
    ジャーナル フリー

    One of the most important factors for winning football matches is to score goals. At the field level, one important attack strategy is to use the gap between the opposing defender (DF) and midfielder (MF) (DFMF gap). An attack strategy using the DF-MF gap is one of the challenges of Japanese football, but little research on this strategy has been done and its effectiveness is currently unknown. In the present study, therefore, using notational game performance analysis, we aimed to clarify the effectiveness of attacks using the DF-MF gap, and the characteristics of this strategy in the J League (JL) and the German Bundesliga (BL). The sample consisted of a total of 20 games: 10 in the JL (2015 season) and 10 in the BL (2015/2016 season). For statistical analysis, independent t test and chi-squared tests were conducted. In both the JL and BL, it was observed that for attacks using the DF–MF gap, the frequencies of shots, penalty area intrusions, and scoring were higher than for side attacks, suggesting that attacks using the DF–MF gap were more effective. Furthermore, a lower ratio of attacks using the DF-MF gap was observed in the JL than in the BL. Also, the success rate of play in the DF-MF gap and the occurrence rate of play in a “forward” direction was significantly lower for the JL than for the BL. These observations suggest that the difference between the JL and BL lies in the frequency of attacks using the DF–MF gap and in play within it. One of the challenges for the JL is to increase the frequency of play that carries the ball forward into the DF–MF gap without losing possession, in order to increase the occurrence rate of play in that area, and eventually the success rate of attacks using the DF–MF gap.

  • ―共的セクターとしての非営利法人の機能―
    釜崎 太
    スポーツ社会学研究
    2021年 29 巻 2 号 47-60
    発行日: 2021/09/30
    公開日: 2021/10/15
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2021/08/30
    ジャーナル フリー
     現代においては、国や自治体だけではなく、企業や地域住民にも公的な課題への貢献が期待されている。ドイツでは、非営利法人が共的セクターとなって、自治体、企業、地域住民と連携し、公的な課題に取り組む事例が見られる。
     本研究が対象とする非営利法人は、ドイツのVerein(フェアアイン)である。Vereinは、法体系からは「社団」と訳される。しかし、スポーツクラブを運営するVereinが公的優遇を受ける登記法人(eingetragener Verein)であり、特にブンデスリーガの関係者にとっては、市場経済に対抗しつつ公益性を担保する自治的集団として意識されていることを重視する立場から、本研究では「非営利法人」と規定している。
     ドイツにおいて非営利法人が運営するスポーツクラブが急増する1960年代以降、非営利法人をひとつのセクターとしながら数多くの社会運動が展開され、対抗文化圏が形成されていく。特に空き屋占拠運動で知られるアウトノーメは、FCザンクトパウリを動かし、反商業主義と反人種主義の運動を象徴するプロサッカークラブ(を一部門とする総合型地域スポーツクラブ)を生み出す。その一方で、90年代後半、プロサッカークラブの企業化が認められたブンデスリーガにおいては、非営利法人の議決権を保護する「50+1ルール」が定められ、プロサッカークラブ(企業)によるファンの獲得が、総合型地域スポーツクラブ(非営利法人)の資金を生み出す仕組みがつくられると同時に、非営利法人を軸とする市民社会のもとで、多様な地域課題への取り組みが実現されてきた。
     本研究では、SVヴェルダー・ブレーメン非営利法人理事長、
    1
    FC
    .
    ケルン
    合資会社社長と顧問弁護士、FCザンクトパウリ非営利法人理事への聞き取り調査をもとに、ブンデスリーガに見られる市民社会の特徴と非営利法人の機能を明らかにした。
  • 長澤 和輝, 畔蒜 洋平, 児玉 ゆう子, 平田 竹男
    スポーツ産業学研究
    2021年 31 巻 3 号 3_351-3_359
    発行日: 2021年
    公開日: 2021/07/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the reasons why Japanese football players can play in the Bundesliga for multiple years. In this survey, we had interviews with five Japanese football players who played in the Bundesliga for over five seasons. The contents of the interviews were analyzed by SCAT (Steps for Coding and Theorization) method and extracted the same factors. As a result, it was found that they focused on building a relationship of trust with their coaches. They had the flexibility to change their playing style and position to match the coach's desired football style. In order to continue to be selected as a member of a match in the Bundesliga, not only high level football skills but also ability to adapt to the intentions of the coach are required. From the above results, it was suggested that in order to continue playing in overseas leagues, aspects other than soccer skills, such as tactics and understanding of the coach's ideas, are also important.
  • 丸山 啓史, 東川 安雄, 沖原 謙, 佐賀野 健, 房野 真也, 岡崎 祐介, 岡田 康太
    コーチング学研究
    2017年 30 巻 2 号 213-228
    発行日: 2017/03/20
    公開日: 2019/09/02
    ジャーナル フリー

        In this study, the existing soccer training program(control group,n=10) and an originally suggested goalkeeper training program(experimental group,n=10) were carried out in order to compare and verify the effect. The verification items of the ability as a soccer player were a personal skill, the skill as a group and the understanding of tactical behavior, and those as a goalkeeper were the success rate of participation in offense, the ability of defense and a positive feeling toward a goalkeeper.
        The results are shown below. 1) As for the personal soccer skill, there were significant improvements in dribbling a ball and passing a ball in both the experimental group and the control group. 2) As for the soccer skill as a group, the rate of achieving offense and that of shooting in cooperation with teammates were not any significant changes in both groups. 3) As for the understanding of tactical behavior in soccer, the score in a tactical test significantly rose in both groups. 4) As for the personal skill as a goalkeeper, the success rate of participation in offense were not any significant changes in both groups. Also as for plays of a goalkeeper in defense, there were not any significant changes in both groups. 5) As for the score about a positive feeling toward a goalkeeper, it significantly rose in the experimental group but tended to decline in the control group.
        From these results, it was suggested that the originally suggested goalkeeper training program plays a certain role as a goalkeeper program with the aim of promoting for all junior soccer players.

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