High pressure operation of Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser (COIL) with an advanced jet-type Singlet Oxygen Generator (SOG) and Turbo blower was demonstrated. The required vacuum pump Cavity was substantially reduced by this schare. The obtained chemical efficency was 17.1% at 290W out put. The specific energy, 2./l was three times higher than this of supersonic operation.

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Based on the model of buyer's monopoly, this article takes the Yangtze River Delta Region as an example to analyze the employment effect of minimum wage on migrant workers. Empirical study of statistical data from seven cities in the region demonstrates that minimum wage could contribute to employment of migrant workers. With the impact of the financial crisis, market adjustment could disturb and destabilize the positive effect of minimum wage policies. Therefore, government should take active measures and interfere in the labor market to maintain targeted employment level and economic growth.

JEL Classification: J, 31

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NOF COR　ORATION develo　ed ‘EXTRASOME® Q10’, li　osomes containing co-enzyme Q10, for the cosmetic　a　　lication. EXTRASOME® Q10, consisting of hydrogenated soybean lecithin, cholesterol and 0.1% co-enzyme Q10,　is stable for 6 months at 40 ℃. EXTRASOME® Q10 was a　　lied to NB1RGB cells irradiated with UVA of /cm2,　and the amount of MM　1 at the medium was determined by the ELISA. The results show that EXTRASOME® Q10 of　0.25 μg/ml inhibited the 　roduction of MM　1 at the medium, and returned to the normal condition before the UVA　irradiation.

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An alloy Fe_0.7Ni_0.3 has been studied under high pressure up to 45 GPa by X-ray diffraction and an electric resistance measurement. The bcc α′-martensitic phase is transformed to a fcc γ-austenitic phase at 8 GPa at room temperature. This transition is accompanied by the volume reduction of 0.17×10⁻⁶ m³/mol and a large resistance increase. The decrease of the austenite-start temperature, A_s, from 623 K at ambient pressure to room temperature at 8 GPa gives the mean value of dA_s⁄dP=−40.4 K/GPa. The entropy change of ΔS=4. /mol·K is obtained for the reverse martensitic transition.

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For the stable operation of the Central Solenoid (CS) coil of the ITER without quenching, it is important to know the threshold of allowable external heating energy the CS conductor can be subjected to during operation. To evaluate the minimum quench energy of the CS conductor for the ITER, an inductive heating test was performed during the CS Insert Coil (CSIC) test campaign. A 59-turn inductive heater installed on the central turn of the CSIC was used to apply the heat energy. The heating energy from the inductive heater was calibrated by calorimetry using short conductor samples with inductive heater windings and a resistive heater. A series of inductive heating tests was performed while applying a 45.1 kA current and 12.5 T backup field on the CSIC. The alternating current (AC) applied for the inductive heater was 1,000 Hz in 40 ms, and the amplitude of the AC was varied until a quench occurred. As the result, it was obtained that the minimum quench energy for the CSIC heated by eddy current was 0. /cm³ without including the joule heating energy of the heater itself.

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The mono-sized [(Fe_0.5Co_0.5)_0.75B_0.2Si_0.05]₉₆Nb₄ metallic glass micro spherical particles with narrow size distribution and high sphericity have been successfully prepared by Pulsated Orifice Ejection Method (POEM). The desired size of particles can be formed by adjusting process parameters, such as the rod displacement, the time for reaching the pulse voltage from zero voltage, the applied pressure and so on. The glassy fraction determined by enthalpy released for the particles during continuous heating in DSC, based on 70. −1 as the enthalpy released of a fully amorphous particle (as proved by X-ray diffraction), shows that the changes of phase in one particle from single amorphous phase to amorphous crystalline mixed phase and then overall crystalline occur within the range of 350 mm and 400 mm in diameters. The critical cooling rate for the occurrence of crystalline in single amorphous phase is estimated to be within the range of 700 and 800 K·sec⁻¹, which is slightly lower than that measured by time-temperature transformation diagram of the bulk metallic alloy, and supposed to be affected by the initial temperature of the melt.

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A magnetic entropy change ΔS_M due to the itinerant-electron metamagnetic (IEM) transition was estimated to be − /kg K around the Curie temperature for La(Fe_0.88Si_0.12)₁₃ in the magnetic field change from 0 to 5 T. In order to control the Curie temperature while keeping such a large value of ΔS_M, hydrogen absorption was carried out. La(Fe_0.88Si_0.12)₁₃H_1.0 with T_C=274 K shows a large ΔS_M due to the IEM transition around room temperature. The adiabatic temperature change ΔT_ad from 0 to 2 T is about 7 K, comparable to that of Gd₅(Ge_0.5Si_0.5)₄. By changing the hydrogen concentration, the Curie temperature can be controlled from 195 to 336 K. It should be noted that the magnitude of ΔS_M is almost the same after hydrogen absorption. Therefore, the hydrogenated La(Fe_0.88Si_0.12)₁₃H_y compounds are promising magnetic refrigerants working in a wide range of temperature.

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We have carried out a study of the ordering of cesium perfluoro-octanoate (CsPFO) micelles in water using high-resolution ac calorimetric techniques and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Aqueous solutions of CsPFO undergo two order-disorder phase transitions: a second-order nematic-smectic A (or lamellar) transition and a very weakly first-order nematic-isotropic transition. Small excess heat capacity peaks associated with each of these transitions have been observed for solutions that are 41 wt% CsPFO and 65 wt% CsPFO. The integrated transition enthalpy ∫ΔC_pdT for the N-SmA transition is about 0.14 J g⁻¹ (Joule per gram of CsPFO solute) at 65 wt% and about 0.10 J g⁻¹ at 41 wt%. No qualitative difference was observed in the character of these ΔC_p(N-SmA) peaks in spite of a reported change in the transition from second order at 41 wt% to tricritical near 65 wt%. The integrated transition enthalpy was larger for the N-I transition: about 0. g⁻¹ at 65 wt% and about 0.27 J g⁻¹ at 41 wt%.

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In order to improve the quality of cast metal and to control solidification of metals, two new casting processes controlling metal solidification by imposing electromagnetic field are developed. One is simultaneous imposition of multiple-electromagnetic fields from the outside of a cold-crucible copper mold during continuous casting of Sn–4.5 mass% Pb alloy, and the other is the imposition of a rotating magnetic field during the unidirectional solidification to make in situ surface composite with special mechanical and physical properties. The experimental results show that multiple-electromagnetic fields can not only eliminate surface defects, but also improve solidification structure of cast metal. Moreover, a new kind of composite pipe and gear of Al–12.6 mass% Si eutectic alloy was made by imposing electromagnetic stirring during unidirectional solidification. This suggests a new method of making surface composite with special mechanical and physical properties. It is also found that a separated eutectic occurs in the anomalous eutectic and the separated phase is the leading faceted phase with solution entropy over  /mol·K.

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Nonmetals, especially wooden materials are considered suitable for processing by CO₂ laser. In the present study, cutting experiments were carried out on kraft paper and filter paper made of cellulose fiber which is one of the main elements of wood. The experimental factors were the laser power, defocusing distance, flow rate of assistant gas and feed speed. The efficiency of CO₂ laser cutting was evaluated on the basis of external appearance of sections and measurements of kerf width.
The results are summarized as follows;
(1) It was observed that the pyrolysis-like residue adhered on the both cut edges as solid droplets. The color and quantity of the solid droplets varied largely with the condition of laser irradiation.
(2) The kerf width varied largely with the above factors as illustrated in Figs. 6-10.
(3) The minimum power needed to cut filter or kraft paper was about 2.5W when the feed speed was 2m/min.
(4) The laser energy required to destroy a unit volume of filter paper was about 0./mm³. The calculation showed that the net energy expended for the paper cutting was only 0.2-8.7% of the total irradiated energy of CO₂ laser.

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The key portion of the N-terminus of human tyrosine hydroxylase type 1 (hTH1) that affects the stability of the molecule in mammalian cells has not been clarified except for the observation that the sequence up to Ala⁵² is involved. Therefore, this study was performed to map more precisely the N-terminal sequence that predominantly contributes to the stability of hTH1. The results obtained by using N-terminus-deleted hTH1 mutants identified the sequence up to Ala²³ as exerting the effect. Next, in order to clarify the effect, PC12D cells exogenously expressing wild-type hTH1 or the mutants were established. Then, 14-3-3η proteins in the cells were down-regulated by using the RNAi method, because 14-3-3η can bind Ser¹⁹-phosphorylated hTH1. The down-regulation of 14-3-3η proteins in PC12D cells exogenously expressing hTH1 enhanced the stability of the wild-type enzyme and that of the mutant lacking the N-terminus up to Ala²³. However, the stability of the mutant was reduced compared to that of the wild-type enzyme. The stability of the mutant with the N-terminus deleted up to Glu⁴³ was not affected by the down-regulation of 14-3-3η. These results suggest that the 14-3-3η protein regulates hTH1 stability by acting on the N-terminus up to . [

J

Physiol Sci. 2008;58 Suppl:S153]

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Based on a household survey of Anhui Province's Fuyang County in China, this paper investigates the determinants of employment, checks the effect of human capital on income and seeks to identify the main determinants of the off-farm participation trends in rural areas with high population densities.
Econometric models were constructed to evaluate the determinants and effects of human capital on circular migration, local wage employment and self-employment. The results obtained from the model demonstrate that education has no positive effect on circular migration of rural labor. However, it was shown that education has a significant effect on rural labor with high wages and steady jobs. Rural laborers always obtain off-farm jobs from family members, relatives or friends rather than on their own, demonstrating the rural labor market is not mature. It is not likely farmers that own only their own labor can get steady income in urban areas by circular migration. Compared to other factors, investment in skill training is presently low so the final solution is to increase skill training in rural areas.

JEL Classification: J, 24, R23

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The coarsening of Al₃Sc precipitates in an Al–1 mass%Mg–0.27 mass%Sc alloy aged at 673 to 748 K has been studied by measuring both the precipitate size by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the Sc concentration in the Al matrix by electrical resistivity measurements. The growth and coarsening of Al₃Sc precipitates occur concurrently prior to the beginning of coarsening. The Al₃Sc precipitates grow more slowly at the coarsening stage than at the mixed stage of growth and coarsening. The Al/Al₃Sc interface energy γ and the diffusivity D of Sc in Al have been independently derived from data obtained by TEM and electrical resistivity measurements using a coarsening model developed by Kuehmann and Voorhees for ternary systems. The estimates of γ and D are in agreement with those determined by the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner theory from data on coarsening of Al₃Sc precipitates in an Al–0.28 mass%Sc alloy. The experimentally obtained value of γ is insensitive to the change in coherency between the Al₃Sc precipitate and Al matrix. Whether the precipitates are coherent or semi-coherent with the matrix, the obtained value of γ is then 0. /m².

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The di-μ-phenolato-μ-methanol-bridged dinuclear nickel(II) complex with N,N′-disalicylidene-2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (H₂dee), [Ni₂(dee)₂(μ-CH₃OH)]·2CH₃OH, was synthesized. The crystal structure was determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method at 90 K. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group Cc with a = 18.157(2), b = 13.1691(17), c = 18.880(3)Å, β = 110.483(2)°, V = 4229.0(10)ų, D_calcd = 1.449 g/cm³, Z = 4. The R1 [I > 2σ(I)] and wR2 (all data) values are 0.0532 and 0.1455, respectively, for all 7392 independent reflections. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility showed a ferromagnetic interaction between the two nickel(II) ions (g = 2.

, = 6.50 cm⁻¹, D = 8.96 cm⁻¹, and Nα = 697 × 10⁻⁶ cm³ mol⁻¹ or g = 2.21, J = 7.27 cm⁻¹, D = –6.88 cm⁻¹, and Nα = 765 × 10⁻⁶ cm³ mol⁻¹).

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An ultrafine elongated grain (UFEG) structure with a strong ‹110›//rolling direction (RD) fibre deformation texture was produced by warm calibre-rolling at 773 K in 1200 MPa-class medium-carbon low-alloy steels with phosphorous (P) contents of 0.001 and 0.053 mass%. Charpy impact tests were performed at room temperature on the UFEG structure along with a conventional quenched and tempered (QT) structure. P segregation embrittlement completely disappeared in the UFEG structure. The UFEG structure exhibited the same high absorbed energy of 150 J regardless of P content, although the absorbed energy of the QT structure was significantly decreased from 93 J for 0.001% P steel to for 0.053% P steel due to occurrence of intergranular fracture. The high absorbed energy of 150 J for 0.053% P-doped UFEG structure was believed to be due to both delamination fracture and fine/deep ductile dimples. The present results emphasized that the detrimental effects of P grain boundary segregation can be suppressed and the upper shelf energy can be increased through the formation of the UFEG structure.

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Auf den Tafeln sind demonstriert:
1. Fall 1, 26 j. Mann. Fülung 150ccm. 10% Jodnatrium. Normale Blase.
2. Fall 2, 21 j. Mann. Füllung 180ccm 15% Jodnatrium. Normale Blase.
3. Fall 3, 19 j. Mann. Füllung 100ccm. 15% Bromnatrium. Normale Blase mit Rückfluss im linken Ureter.
4. Fall 4, 31 j. Mann. Füllung 500ccm. 10% Jodnatrium. Normale Blase.
5. Fall 5, 42 j. Mann. Füllung 250ccm. 30% Bromnatrium. Blasendivertikel.
6. Fall 6, 43 j. Mann. Füllung 150ccm. 15% Bromnatrium. Blasendivertikel.
7. Fall 7, 15 j. Mann. Füllung 200ccm. 10% Jodnatrium. Tuberkulöse Blase mit linksseitiger Nierentuberkulose.
8. Fall 9, 49 j. Weid. Füllung 100ccm. 5% Jodkalium. Tuberkulöse Blasemit beiderseitiger Nierentuberkulose.
9. Fall 10, 28 j. Mann. Füllung 100ccm. 5% Jodkalium Tuberkulöse Blase mit linksseitiger Nerentuberkulose.
10. Fall 12, . Weib, Füllung 180ccm. 5% Jodkalium Tuberkulöse Blase mit rechtssitiger Nierentuberkulose.
11. Fall 13, 24 j. Mann. Füllung 70ccm. 5% Jodnatrium. Blasenwandabscess mit bullöser Cystitis.
12. Fall 14, 30 j. Mann. Füllung 100ccm. 10% Jodnatrium, Nirmale Blase mit linksseitigem Uretersteine.

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Purpose: This investigation examined the influence of water absorption on creep compliance and fluidity of acrylic tissue conditioners.
Methods: Six commercially available acrylic tissue conditioners were used in this investigation. All materials were mixed for 20 sec according to the mixing proportion recommended by the manufacturer and allowed to set at room temperature (23±0.5 °C). Each specimen was stored immediately after preparation in an air cabinet or in a water bath maintained at either 23±0.5 °C or 37±0.5 °C. Two measurements were taken using an electronic balance to determinate water absorption and using a creep testing instrument under constant load to examine creep behavior.
Results: The specimen weight in all materials containing ethyl alcohol decreased markedly from the start of immersion in water. In the case of ethyl alcohol-free material, the specimen weight increased immediately after immersion in water. The relative creep compliances (J(2)95/

23

,

J

(60)_95/23, and J(120)_95/23) and the relative fluidity (φ_95/23) decreased linearly with increases in the amount of water absorption.
Conclusion: With an increase in the amount of water absorption, each material showed increased resistance to deformation and accelerated the deterioration of its flow property.

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In continuing our phytochemical studies of Citrus plants, we have isolated many coumarins, acridone alkaloids, flavonoids, and other compounds including many new compounds. Especially, dimeric coumarins, dimeric acridone alkaloids and acridone-coumarin dimers are diagnostic constituents of this genus. Among the new compounds, we report here the structure elucidations of 25 new acridone alkaloid-coumarin dimers from the roots of five Citrus plants. Acridone-coumarin dimers could be classified into three groups. The first group is "acrimarine" constructed by various acridone alkaloids and suberosin (1) as coumarin moiety [acrimarine-A (2), -B (3), -C (4), -D (5), -E (6), -F (7), -G (8), -H (9), -K (10), -M (11) from the roots of Funadoko, and acrimarine-I (12), -J (13), -N (14) from the roots Yalaha]. The second group is "neoacrimarine" constructed by various acridone alkaloids and various coumarins except for suberosin (1) [neoacrimarine-A (15), -B (16), -E (17), -F (18) from the roots Yalaha, neoacrimarine-C (19), -D (20) from the roots Hassaku, and neoacrimarine-G (21), -H (22), -I (), - (24), -K (25) from the roots Marsh grapefruit]. The third group is "dioxinoacrimarine" which has a 1,4-benzodioxane ring connecting the acridone and coumarin moieties [dioxinoacrimarine-A (26) from the roots Yalaha]. The structure of these dimeric compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 2D-NMR particulaly HMBC spectrum.

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