An inextricable link exists between graphic design and printing. Although not applicable to websites or digital signage, the process of planning and developing designs for flyers, posters, leaflets, packages, or books, typically involves considering the materials (e.g., paper, plastic) and printing/finishing techniques at the same time as the creation of visual images. In particular, when designing product packages for food items, beverages, or cosmetics, it should be considered that the package would be available for customers to see and feel directly before they make the decision to purchase, as such packages are usually placed on store shelves to represent and convey the brand's values. For the final outcome to fully reflect the designer's intention and concept with perfect consistency, it is essential to work closely with the companies that perform the printing/finishing process of the actual product. Herein, I studied five cases from past projects in which printing/finishing techniques, and the companies that carried out the process, contributed greatly to the final outcome. For each case, I would like to describe the design concept and the main features in the printing/finishing process.

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This study shows the variation of the characteristics of a plasma

generated in impurity controlled working gas. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy of metastable He atoms generated in the plasma was performed. The metastable He atoms are generated in the plasma and are quenched by impurities. The velocity and the size of the plasma are derived from the arriving time and the shape of the rising phase of the absorbance. In addition, the impurity concentration was derived from the decay time of the absorbance. The impurity concentration in the working gas is controlled in a range of more than two orders of magnitude, and the impurity concentration reaches ppb level. We have observed the impurity dependence of the velocity and size of the plasma . The velocity of the plasma reaches a constant value and the size dramatically increase below 20 ppm of the impurities. These results show the change of the propagation mechanism of the plasma in the high purity working gas. In order to distinguish the plasma generated in the high purity gas from the standard plasmas, we would call it ultrapure plasma.

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The -protection efficiency of the protection panel composed of various fabrics was examined in this study. Two different types of aramid woven fabrics and two different types of fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) with/without polymeric film were examined. The physical properties such as tensile and tear strength were evaluated to inspect a relationship between the properties of materials and -protection efficiency. -protection performance of stacked materials was evaluated using lab scale drop tester. The protection efficiency was determined by depth and diameter of trauma embedded on a backing clay. Results showed that the fabrication method and material had significant effect on -protection efficiency. The FRCs demonstrated the better resisting performance compared to the woven type materials considering the weight and thickness of stacked samples. Especially FRC with the polymeric film resulted in reduction of trauma significantly. However, the type of polymeric film should be carefully selected to attain efficient resistance property because the protection efficiency was differentiated by the type of film.

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We investigated about a perforation behavior of a 0.8mm thin steel plate by a fired 38 caliber . The two bullets, Full Metal Jacket (FMJ) and Lead Round Nose (LRN), were fired by a 38 caliber revolver. The perforation behavior was taken by a high speed camera with 105 frames per second. A collision side of the fired and a thin steel plug punched out by the fired were observed. A compressive stress area was occurred at the center of the collision side. On the thin steel plug, an area adhered of the material was observed in the circumference of the compressive stress area. It was thought that the adherent of the material occurred by the friction between the fired and the thin steel plate. Because the collision side of the fired was flat, it was thought that the deformed before the thin steel plate started to deformation. The thin steel plate was indented by the fired . Then, a circular crack occurred on the thin steel plate. The edge of the crack on the thin steel plate corresponded to the edge of the flat area on the fired . The fired passed the circular crack, and a hole opened.

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The purpose of the present investigation was to measure quantitatively the efficiency of a shield plate in resisting penetration by a rifle . A simple, mechanical, and accurate method for determining the velocity of the was devised, by which the velocity of the after passing through test plates of different thickness was measured.
By this means the residual velocity vers. plate thickness curve for different metals was obtained.
This curve which is called the "characteristic curve" of the shielding efficiency of a metal was obtained for different metals and alloys. The curve not only dives the residual velocity of a after passing throgh a shield plate of a given thickness, but also the thickness of the metal plate which is just sufficient to stop the impinging , on the "penetration distance". The best material found as the result of the present investigation is a special steel, the penetration distance of which is 4·5mm. for a 9 grams in mass and a velocity 790 meters per second.
The penetration distance of laminated plates, and of two plates of equal tbickness separated from each other by a distance was also measured. The same quantity for wood, sand and glass, of different kinds was also measured.

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 Strange shaped fired bullets were found in a suicide case. While one fired casing was found in the cylinder of a Paltik revolver, one column-shaped fired was found in the head of a dead man and one longer gourd-shaped fired was found in the barrel of the Paltik revolver.
 As a result of the gunfire test with revolvers and round-nose-cartridges, firing the revolver with a lodged (first) and propellant powder in the barrel, the first became column-shaped and the next became a longer gourd-shaped. We had carried out X-raying the 's collision in the barrel, and we found out that the bullets had deformed in the barrel within a very short time. In the gunfire test, the amount of propellant powder in the barrel was larger than that in the next cartridge, so by regulating the amount of propellant powder, the velocity of the next was reduced.

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We have devised multi-viewpoint robotic cameras for capturing multi-viewpoint images of subjects moving in 3D space with panning shots and zoom-in shots. The camera operator instructs a robotic camera to fix its gaze point at an arbitrary position in 3D space and other robotic cameras automatically follow it as their gaze point. The operator can then capture multi-viewpoint images by fixing the gaze point on the subject position. time and integral 3D imagery are generated from the images shot by the cameras. time is generated by using a virtual camera control with a projective transformation to make the viewpoints change smoothly. Integral 3D images are generated by converting a 3D model of a subject created using the depth estimation method into elemental images. In experiments, robotic cameras were able to capture multi-viewpoint images of a sports player moving in 3D space and time and integral 3D imagery were generated from these images. Furthermore, these robotic cameras were used to generate time in a live broadcast of a figure skating competition. In particular, time was used to show the skaters' jumps in instant replays right after each performance.

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This paper is to present a technique of removing a smoll air gun in the brain by nasal approach.
A small lead was accidentally shot in the brain of a 13 years old boy through right frontal sinus.
Repeated radiographic examinations including tomography were made in order to locate the accurate localization of the foreign body.
The was located 2 cm. above the base of the skull 5 cm. apart from the posterior bony wall of the frontal sinus and 1 cm. away to the left from the midline.
A lateral rhinotomy 2as mas performed, the right ethomoid cells were excenterated, then the dura mater was incised at the roof of the cells after the bony wall was removed in an area of 2 × 3cm.
The brain was carefully sounded and the was locedat and removed by forceps.
The postoperative course has been uneventful without any signs of intracranial complications or sequere.

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A 15-year-old boy presented with a gunshot wound in the left cerebellar hemisphere. He was confused and left cerebellar signs were noted. The patient underwent the first surgery for debridement of the entry wound in the left parietal region and second surgery to remove the . However, the could not be located via a left unilateral suboccipital craniectomy in the park bench position, because it had migrated to the opposite side due to the effects of gravity in just a few hours. Skull radiography obtained just before the third surgery showed that the had returned to the left side, and it was removed easily via the previous craniectomy in the sitting position. The clinical course suggests that in removing a , skull radiography or computed tomography should be obtained just before surgery, or even intraoperatively, and that those findings should be the basis for the surgical procedure and operative position.

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A 69-year-old male with an intracranial retained in the right occipital lobe for 45 years presented with epileptic seizure occasionally accompanied by visual hallucinations. Neurological examination revealed left homonymous hemianopsia and right hearing loss, and electroencephalography showed slow discharges localized in the lesion. The was removed together with the thickened fibrous capsule. His postoperative course was uneventful, and he has become seizure-free. The caused metal toxicity and progressive gliosis, which caused the epileptogenetic focus and associated hallucinations.

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A 41-year-old man presented with low-velocity gunshot injury in the right abdomen. Neuroimaging showed the located in the L2-3 intervertebral disc space, but neurological examination found no abnormalities. Exploratory laparotomy was performed because of retroperitoneal hematoma. Two months after the gunshot injury, the patient presented with severe low back pain. Serial neuroimaging showed that the had migrated in the intervertebral disc space. The was removed via right L2 hemilaminectomy. The patient had no complaints after the operation. Early recognition and surgical intervention for bullets embedded in the intervertebral disc space may present with neurological and related complications.

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A noble measurement method for planar elongation viscosity was proposed. A shaped bob was pushed into a sample liquid held in a cylindrical cup with a constant velocity and the resistance force acting on the bob was measured. The bob was designed to generate steady planar elongation flow through the gap between the bob and the cup. The trial experiments were carried out for standard viscous fluids and aqueous polymer solutions. The resistant forces were measured as a function of the planar elongation rate. The forces were compared to flow analysis of Newtonian, non-Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids. These forces were generally consistent with experimental data.

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樹木倒壊のビジュアルシミュレーション手法の提案

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Effects of defect structures on polarization hysteresis properties have been investigated for Mn-doped BaTiO₃ ceramics. The polarization hysteresis loops are found to strongly depend not only on the oxygen vacancy concentration ([V_O^••]) but also on the majority-acceptor (Mn³⁺) concentration. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the association of V_O^•• with Mn³⁺ and the following alignment of the defect dipole (V_O^••–Mn³⁺) along P_s (spontaneous polarization) provide an energetically favorable defect structure due to the lowering in energy of the Mn-3d_z² electron. It is concluded that the double-hysteresis-like loop (P-E_double) observed with the high concentrations of V_O^•• and Mn³⁺ originates from the reversible switching of a 90° domain structure stabilized by the formation of the V_O^••–Mn³⁺ // P_s configuration.

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樹木倒壊のヒマジュアルシミュレーション手法の提案

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Perovskite ferroelectrics such as BaTiO₃ and PbTiO₃ provide various functions arising from spontaneous polarization. Here, the history, present status, and future prospects of the defect chemistry for BaTiO₃ are described. Even for non-doped samples, unintentional impurities including Fe govern the defect chemistry and its related properties. By solving multiple nonlinear equations employing the thermodynamic data set reported, majority/minority defect-concentration diagrams are available not only in a high-temperature equilibrium state but also in a low-temperature quenched one. As an example, the defect diagrams of Ba(Ti,Ca)O₃ and Ba(Ti,Mn)O₃ are shown, and the roles of fixed valence (Ca) and variable-valence (Mn) acceptors are explained. I also introduce an example of the defect control in BaTiO₃ single crystals; an activation of visible-light photovoltaic effect, where two redox potentials derived from Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ act as scaffolds for generating electron–hole pairs.

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We treated a 20-year-old man with a blind wound of the left temporal bone and perforating wounds of the right temporal legion, the right upper arm and right femur.
Following physical examination, X-P, and CT, a was detected in the left temporal bone. However, other wounds did not contain bullets. Emergency surgery was performed. The was suspected to have entered through the posterior part of the mastoid tip, pass through the mastoid cavity and stopped at the tympanum. The facial canal was partially broken at the vertical portion, however the facial nerve was not damaged. The was removed after resecting the posterior external auditory canal. Tympanoplasty type i combined with external canal wall drilling-down technique was performed.
The patient showed left facial palsy after surgery. However, this gradually improved. The postoperative course in his left ear was good without infection, although the patient was deaf in that ear.

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  Handgun bullets fired toward the windshield of an automobile sometimes ricochets. In such a case, we must estimate the type of and direction of shooting from the damaged windshield. The purpose of this study is to obtain a method to estimate the fired direction of a handgun from the fractured windshield. We test fired bullets to an automobile windshield with various incidence angles. The thickness of the windshield is slightly different from model to model of the automobiles. In the beginning, we examined the strength of the automobile windshield of various car models. First, we examined the static failure strength of the windshield by an indentation test. In this test, fracture load and the amount of indentation were measured on windshield samples cut from ten models of Japanese automobiles. Next, we test fired a handgun in order to examine the relation between the trajectory of a and the collision marks on the windshield. The cartridges used in these test firings were 38SPL. lead round nose (LRN) and full metal cased (FMC) . In the results of static indentation test for different car models, there was found to be almost no differences in the relationship between fracture load and indentation depth. With the LRN , bullets perforated the windshield when the incidence angle was less than 45 degrees and ricocheted when the incidence angle was greater than 60 degrees. In these cases, a characteristic damage was left on the windshield. On the other hand, FMC bullets of 38SPL. perforated the windshield when the incidence angle was less than 60 degrees and ricocheted when the incidence angle was greater than 70 degrees. Based on these results, we proposed a method to estimate the direction of shooting in criminal cases in which a was fired on an automobile windshield.

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  This study focuses on identification of bullets with three-dimensional data of landmark impressions. Generally, forensic scientists identify bullets by optical tools. For example, a comparison microscope, a CCD camera and photographs etc. Although these approaches are very essential and effective, the appearance of a striation depends on an illumination system in these methods. Therefore, there might remain some problems in the database that consist of only photometric data. On the other hand, 3D data of impressions on fired bullets are expected to possess generality and objectivity for forensic identification because the database that consists of geometric data is perfectly independent of any illumination. In this study, I used a confocal microscope as a 3D measurement device. I examined two jacketed bullets fired from a 0.25 caliber gun and six jacketed bullets fired from three 0.32 caliber guns. Each had six landmark impressions, and there were twenty-four pairs of landmark impressions to be compared. The texture of a landmark impression is uniform along the direction of the scratch. It is expected that 3D profile is also uniform along the direction, so averaging 3D data along the direction can reduce an influence of measurement error. The averaged profile, shown as a 2D curve, fills the role of a characteristic profile. The 2D comparison of these profiles serves as identification. Minute variations that form vivid striation were not shown clearly because of the averaging procedure. However, the comparisons of 24 pairs made it clear that global shapes of two profiles from the same origin coincide. Therefore, a sectional shape of a landmark impression would be a useful method for identification when the is not deformed and 3D shape of an impression is a little unique.

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