This paper proposes an improved method that uses a K-means method to effectively reduce the ringing artifacts in a color moving picture. To apply this improved K-method, we set the number of groups for the process to two (K=2) in the three dimensional R, G, B color space. We then improved the R, G, B color value of all of the pixels by moving the current R, G, Bcolor value of each pixel to calculated center values, which reduced the ringing artifacts. The results were verified by calculating the overshoot and the slope of the light luminance around the edges of test images that had been processed by the new algorithm. We then compared the calculated results with the overshoot and slope of the light luminance of the unprocessed image.

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Cars are requested to obtain a wide room space and a compact package at the same time. Expression of depth through gradation of brightness is known well in general, and in this study, subjects were experimented whether car room could be shown larger when this method using a gradation tunnel pattern, was applied to the interior of a car. Following results were derived from the experiment, by sorting and analyzing subjects' comments and analyzing variances of numerical data, and it was clarified that the method is influential in the sense of depth.
1. The depth perception created by the gradation tunnel pattern is a few centimeters, more or less.
2. There are both cases when it seems dented and when it seems swollen.
3. Black centered pattern looks deeper than white centered pattern.
4. Stepping gradation pattern looks deeper than continuous gradation pattern.
5. How it is perceived varies among subjects, and roughly they could be divided into four groups.
6. What looks deeper is not necessarily preferable, and the application to door trim seems adequate.

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In regard to the somatic chromosome numbers of the commercial varieties in geraniums, 24 vars. were confirmed to be diploid (2n=18) and 4 were tetraploid (2n=36). Fifteen vars. of pelargoniums were all 2n=45 and assumed to be allopolyploid. Three vars. of ivy leaf geranium were 2n=36, and a lemon-scented geranium was 2n=16. Contrary to the higher percentages of pollen fertility, most vars. of this genus hardly produced good seeds under open-pollination possibly due to protandrous-nature, self- and cross-incompatibility, degeneration of gemates etc. As the results of artificial cross-pollination in geraniums, percentages of fertilized ovules were 0 to 0.53% between tetraploids and diploids, and 0 to 12.60% between diploids and diploids. In pelargoniums, however, all crosses failed to set seed.

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We study systems with parity invariant contact interactions in one dimension. The model analyzed is the simplest nontrivial one -a quantum wire with a point defect- and yet is shown to exhibit exotic phenomena, such as strong vs weak coupling duality and spiral anholonomy in the spectral flow. The structure underlying these phenomena is SU(2), which arises as accidental symmetry for a particular class of interactions.

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We conducted a series of tests on color vision for a patient with simultaneous agnosia after cortical damage from cerebral anoxia (hypoxic encephalopathy). He suffered from shape perception in the wide range of visual area; he could perceive only a small part of an object at a time. He showed regular performance in color vision tests, such as panel D-15 test, or color naming tests under D₆₅ simulating fluorescent lamp with and without colored glasses (color-constancy test). However, he showed extremely strong colorcontrast effect. We conducted a precise psychophysical experiment to investigate the characteristics of his color-contrast effect. He made achromatic adjustments so that the

patch had almost the same chromaticity as its surround. These results suggest that his regular performance in the color-constancy test could have been realized by the use of local chromatic-contrast signal between the edge of target and its surround, with higher priority than normal observers.

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The shock shapes, boundary layers, and temperature layers around a model of HOPE-X traveling at a hypersonic speed were visualized utilizing the electric discharge method. The experiments were carried out under the condition that the angles of attack were 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45°. To visualize 3-D shock shapes around the model, the observation of shock shapes were conducted from the side and back of the model. From the experimental results, it was confirmed that the two kinds of shock shapes interacted with each other. The various kinds of shock shapes according to the model angles of attack were also obtained. Subsequently, the visualized results of temperature layer around the model were described. Furthermore, the boundary layers generated around the model were visualized and compared with the temperature layers. A hypersonic gun tunnel was used in these experiments. The main characteristics of the tunnel were the Mach number was 10 and the duration was 10ms.

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赤、黄、緑、青、紫、ピンクの色彩について単一矩形パルス法で皮膚インピーダンスを測定し、自律神経関連のAPと固有電気伝導度と血流に関するBPに色彩効果が現れる事を見い出した。APは赤と緑で低く、青で高かった。青はBPが高く、交感神経緊張で血流の大きいリラックス状態になったと思われる。これは生理的な効果の他にも鮮やかな青のイメージが心理的に影響していると考えられる。被験者の色実験の印象と実験結果はよい対応を見せた。また、癒しの色といわれる紫ではBPが低くて落ち着く人が多かった。

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A 1 millisecond (1-ms) vision system, which processes videos at 1000 frames per second (FPS) within 1ms/frame delay, plays an increasingly important role in fields such as robotics and factory automation. Superpixel as one of the most extensively employed image oversegmentation methods is a crucial pre-processing step for reducing computations in various computer vision applications. Among the different superpixel methods, simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC) has gained widespread adoption due to its simplicity, effectiveness, and computational efficiency. However, the iterative assignment and update steps in SLIC make it challenging to achieve high processing speed. To address this limitation and develop a SLIC superpixel segmentation system with a 1ms delay, this paper proposes grid sample based temporal iteration. By leveraging the high frame rate of the input video, the proposed method distributes the iterations into the temporal domain, ensuring that the system's delay keeps within one frame. Additionally, grid sample information is added as initialization information to the obtained superpixel centers for enhancing the stability of superpixels. Furthermore, a selective label propagation based pipeline architecture is proposed for parallel computation of all the possibilities of label propagation. This eliminates data dependency between adjacent pixels and enables a fully pipelined system. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed superpixel segmentation system achieves boundary recall and under-segmentation error comparable to the original SLIC algorithm. When considering label consistency, the proposed system surpasses the performance of state-of-the-art superpixel segmentation methods. Moreover, in terms of hardware performance, the proposed system processes 1000FPS images with 0.985ms/frame delay.

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The objects we encounter in everyday settings are composed of multicolored surfaces. To utilize the color information of these surfaces, it is necessary to efficiently summarize the color distribution of object surfaces. Studies examining such summarization (averaging) processes have shown that the three attributes of color — hue, saturation, and brightness — are averaged in different manners. Hue can be averaged accurately and approximated by the arithmetic mean on the uniform chromaticity scale diagram. Averaging of saturation exhibits a bias, with the average tending to shift towards a more saturated direction than the colorimetric mean. Furthermore, this bias becomes more pronounced when there is greater variability (noise) in the color distribution. While there is also a bias observed in the averaging of brightness, the underlying processing strategy seems to be adaptively adjusted depending on the task at hand. These summarizing strategies are believed to be acquired to enhance the reliability and certainty of sensory information in noisy natural environments. Identifying the factors that determine these processing strategies remains a challenge for future research.

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我々は, 高精細画像を扱うハードコピー分野に適した画像圧縮伸長技術であるFBTC (Fixed BlockTruncation Coding) の提案を行ってきた。FBTCは, 固定長の符号化方式で, 以下の4つの特長を備えている。
1) 自然画像をはじめCGや文字画像の画質劣化が少ない。
2) 圧縮状態で画像の編集が可能。
3) ハードウエア規模が小さい。
4) 高速処理が可能
このFBTCを用いることにより, 2次記憶装置 (ハードディスク) を, 従来半導体メモリのみでしか実現できなかったハードコピー用の大容量の画像メモリとして利用できることを確認した。

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We propose a new type decision support system of modeling the illustration designs suited for personal preference, and extract the coloration pattern from personal designs. Many coloration patterns give various impressions and effects to people, and the color design is one of the most important elements that influence the deciding the image of products. However, people's preferences of colors are differed to individual personality. Nevertheless, modeling the color design is depended on the designer's sensibility. Therefore, it is needed that we extract individual coloration pattern suited for their preference. In addition, the technique of modeling the various color designs people satisfy is needed. In this paper, we propose automatic modeling system using interactive genetic algorithm (:IGA). The proposed system can be helpful for the modeling the illustration designs. We apply the proposed system to some subjects, and collect the design data. By using the design data, we extract each subject's coloration pattern.

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Images with rich color information are an important source of information that people obtain from the objective world. Occasionally, it is difficult for people with red-green color vision deficiencies to obtain color information from color images. We propose a method of color correction for dichromats based on the physiological characteristics of dichromats, considering hue information. First, the hue loss of color pairs under normal color vision was defined, an objective function was constructed on its basis, and the resultant image was obtained by minimizing it. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through comparison tests. Red-green color vision deficient people fail to distinguish between partial red and green colors. When the red and green connecting lines are parallel to the a^* axis of CIE L^*a^*b^*, red and green perception defectives cannot distinguish the color pair, but can distinguish the color pair parallel to the b^* axis. Therefore, when two colors are parallel to the a^* axis, their color correction yields good results. When color correction is performed on a color, the hue loss between the two colors under normal color vision is supplemented with b^* so that red-green color vision-deficient individuals can distinguish the color difference between the color pairs. The magnitude of the correction is greatest when the connecting lines of the color pairs are parallel to the a^* axis, and no color correction is applied when the connecting lines are parallel to the b^* axis. The objective evaluation results show that the method achieves a higher score, indicating that the proposed method can maintain the naturalness of the image while reducing confusing colors.

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Hydrangea macrophylla（和名：ガクアジサイ）や H. serrata（和名：ヤマアジサイ）などハイドランジア属の花序は装飾花と両性花から構成されており，この装飾花の八重咲き性が近年重要な育種目標となっている．そこで，ハイドランジア装飾花の八重咲き性の遺伝様式を明らかにするために，H. macrophylla，H. serrata および両種の雑種系統を供試し，交雑後代における八重咲き性を調査した．八重咲き品種を種子親，一重咲き品種・系統を花粉親とした 11 交雑組み合わせのうち，3 交雑組み合わせにおいて八重咲き個体が得られた．八重咲き個体が得られた交雑組み合わせは，種子親の八重咲き品種の祖先にあたる八重咲き品種が，花粉親の一重咲き系統の親と同一の八重咲き品種‘城ケ崎’の場合で，八重と一重の分離比は 1:1 であった．一方，種子親の八重咲き品種と花粉親の一重咲き系統の親にあたる八重咲き品種が異なる組み合わせでは，すべて一重咲きで八重咲き個体は得られなかった．また，一重咲き系統間の 4 交雑組み合わせのうち，2 交雑組み合わせにおいて八重：一重が 1:3 の分離比で得られた．八重咲き個体が得られた交雑組み合わせは，種子親および花粉親の両方の系統が同一の八重咲き品種‘城ケ崎’由来か，‘隅田の花火’由来の場合であった．以上の結果から，ハイドランジアにおける装飾花の八重咲きは，一対の遺伝子に制御された劣性形質であること，この劣性ホモの遺伝子が同一の八重咲き品種から由来している場合にのみ八重咲き個体を獲得できる可能性が高いことが明らかとなった．

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馬心筋一酸化炭素ミオグロビン（MbCO）における，遠位ヒスチジン（HIS）イミダゾール基の水素の位置の違いによるヘムと配位子への電子構造の影響を調べるため，いくつかの活性中心モデルを用いて密度汎関数計算を実行した．遠位HISイミダゾール基の水素が一酸化炭素（CO）配位子側に向くε位に水素が付いたモデルでは，δ位に水素が付いたモデルに比べてヘム鉄-CO結合部位近傍の静電ポテンシャルが正に高く，準位が高いヘム鉄由来の被占コーン・シャム軌道準位が安定化した．水素の位置の違いは結合したCOにも影響を与えており，炭素のマリケン電荷の変化量は0.016に及んだ．MbCOにおいても，遠位HISとヘムおよび配位子との相互作用は大きく，配位子結合状態の記述には遠位HISを量子化学的にあらわに考慮する必要があることが示された．

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We propose a new design support system that can color illustrations according to a person's color preferences that are determined on the basis of the color patterns of illustrations prepared by that person. Recently, many design tools for promoting free design have been developed. However, preferences for various colors differ depending on individual personality. Therefore, a system that can automatically color various designs on the basis of human preference is required. In this study, we propose an automatic modeling system that can be used to model illustrations. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed system, we simulate a coloring design experiment to determine the color patterns preferred by some subjects by using various design data. By using the design data, we determine each subjects preferred color pattern, and send feedback on these individual color patterns to the proposed system.

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Color ink jet printing has recently aroused considerable attention as a promising color print method. The color bubble jet printing, which provides high-speed and high-guality outputs at low cost, is expected to take the leadership in this field. This paper will describe its features and possibilities.

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均等色空間は、色彩工学及びマルチメディアとデジタルコンテンツ処理や画像符号化などの分野では、重要な役割を果たすことが期待されている。しかし、現在均等色空間については、種種な近似が知られているものの、厳密な考察がなされていないように思われる。特に、均等色空間の定義が統一されているものは知られていない。小文では、まず均等色空間については、基本的な定義と定式化を行い、従来局所的或は小色差均等色空間は、大域的或は大色差均等色空間の定義は等価であることを示す。さらに、大域リーマン幾何学に基づき、均等色空間の構築アルゴリズムを示す。

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In order to develop new geranium cultivars with characteristics not found in existing cultivars, such as heat tolerance and odorless leaves, intercrosses between geranium and four wild species of section Ciconium were carried out. The intercrosses between geranium and P. frutetorum, P. inquinans, and P. salmoneum showed relatively high compatibility, regardless of the seed parent. Their F₁ plants grew vigorously and developed normally. On the contrary, some F₁ plants derived from the intercross with P. acetosum developed chlorosis and variegation in the leaves, with many plants dying in the early stage of growth. However, the F₁ plants that survived showed high pollen fertility, and F₂ and BC₁ generations could be obtained easily. Some F₂ plants showed odorless, and all BC₁ plants had non-trichome leaves. Heat tolerance trial was carried out in a greenhouse from spring to autumn using all plants of F₁, F₂ and BC₁ obtained from backcrossing to geranium. Favorable plants with an increased number of flowering peduncles even in summer were selected from the BC₁ plants derived from P. frutetorum, P. acetosum, and P. salmoneum. These progeny can be used as breeding material for producing promising new heat-tolerant geraniums with odorless leaves.

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