Present experiment was performed on twenty laboratory-bred female squirrels (Funambulus pennanti, Wroughton). The animals were divided into 2 groups: (1) Cd-treated and (2) control. A single intraperitoneal injection of cadmium acetate (6 mg Cd/Kg of body weight) was given in each animal except the animals of control group. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation after different intervals of the week long study. Ovary and uterus did not show any histopathological abnormality after cadmium exposure. Whereas, the animals of the two groups revealed increase in body weight, i.e. 1.15 folds (control) and 1.03 folds (Cd-treated).
It is suggested that ovary and uterus could not be affected by acute cadmium exposure possibly because the enzymatic activity could not be disturbed or inhibited in these organs.

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Histopathological changes in adrenal and spleen have been observed insquirrels after i. p. injections of cadmium acetate at a daily dose of 1.0 mg Cd/Kg of body weight. Adrenals revealed dilatation of sinusoids together with fatty change in the cells of cortex, hyaline-like mass in medulla, haemorrhage just adjacent to medulla, circumscribed haemorrhage in cortex and congested blood vessels after different intervals of exposure time. Whereas, spleen showed congestion in blood vessels alongwith thickness of vessel wall and congestion and dilatation of sinusoids. Final body weight gain of cadmium treated squirrels was significantly (P<0.05) different from the controls. The rise in spleen weight was also significantly higher (P.<0.05).

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Histopathological alterations in kidneys have been studied in squirrels with repeated intraperitoneal injections of cadmium acetate at a dose of 1.0 mg Cd/Kg of body weight. Cloudy swelling, necrosis, denudation and destruction of tubular epithelium, focal aggregates of inflammatory cells, perivascular inflammation by chronic inflammatory cells and perinephric haemorrhage with infiltration by phagocytes containing haemosidirin were noticed after different exposure intervals. Squirrels revealed significant increase in body weight and kidney weight (P<0.05).

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Morphological alterations in lungs have been noticed in squirrels with repeated intratracheal injections of cadmium at a dose of 1.0 mg Cd/Kg of body weight. Haemorrhages in alveoli and bronchioles, congestion in blood vessels, emphysema and peribronchiolar infiltration by mononuclear cells alongwith thickening of interalveolar septa were observed after different exposure intervals. Control and Cd-treated groups increased in body weight by 1.13 and 1.03 folds after 7 weeks, respectively (P<0.05). Maximum rise was also found in lung weight after 7 weeks. Both alkaline and acid phosphatases revealed inhibition in their activities after 4 weeks. But, during 5-7 weeks. enzymatic activities were slightly elevated.

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Lemuru (Bali sardine) fisheries in the Bali Straits, Indonesia play significant role in fishing industry in the area bordering this cone shape strait In this paper we report and analyze the behavior of Lemuru fish school based on acoustic survey as an attempt to shed light on its spatial aggregation and its geometrical principle dimension and swimming speed. The survey was carried out in September 1998 and August 2000 using split-beam acoustic system capable of determining the position of individual fish, hence, the fish school. There are 31 schools of Lemuru and more than 9, 000 individual fish that occupy different depth in the water column was analyzed. The results shows that the geometrical dimension of the schools have high variability and smaller mean school density compare to typical sardine school. In terms of dynamic behavior of the fish, the swimming speed of Lemuru is found to be dependent on the fish target strength, depth and time of the day.

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Deformation capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls is mainly influenced by concrete confinement at the boundaries of shear walls, axial force ratio and wall aspect ratio. In this paper, the relationship among the wall boundary transverse reinforcement characteristic value λ_vw, the axial force ratio n, the wall aspect ratio r and the ultimate displacement Δ_uw is established first. Then, the relationship between λ_vw −−n −−r −−Δ_uw is verified against the results of 71 RC shear wall experiments conducted by eight different research institutions. Based on the established relationship, the performance-based seismic design (PBSD) method for RC shear walls is proposed. According to the method presented in the paper, the amount of transverse reinforcement at wall boundaries could be determined, if the inter-storey drift demand θ and the damage index D_w are predetermined. The use of the proposed PBSD method, which may guide future RC shear wall design, is illustrated in detail by an example.

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  There is strong evidence that most idiosyncratic drug reactions (IDRs) are immune-mediated and are caused by reactive metabolites of a drug rather than by the drug itself. Several hypotheses have been proposed by which a drug could induce an immune response. The major hypotheses are the hapten hypothesis and the danger hypothesis; however, the characteristics and spectrum of IDRs are different with different drugs, and this likely reflects mechanistic differences; therefore, no one hypothesis is likely to explain all IDRs. Some IDRs appear to involve epigenetic effects, direct activation of antigen-presenting cells, or disturbing the normal balance of the immune system. It has been suggested that many cases of idiosyncratic liver injury are not immune-mediated, and other mechanisms such as mitochondrial injury may be involved. It is essential that any hypothesis be consistent with the clinical characteristics of the IDR. Although the characteristics of most idiosyncratic liver injury do not suggest that mitochondria are the major target, it is quite possible that milder mitochondrial injury could stimulate an immune-mediated reaction. The observation that IDRs can vary widely among different drugs and different patients is most easily explained by an immune mechanism in which the target of the immune response is different.

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This publication is a one-volume version of the complete annotated version of Bunki- in typographical reprint published by the author in serial form in Tsurumi Daigaku Kiyo 20-25. It is based on two versions of the text: the facsimile reproduction (Kicho Tosho Eihon Kankokai, 1935) of the copy in the Kikutei Collection of Kyoto University Library; and the facsimile reproduction (Yoshikawa Kobunkan, 1971) of the copy in the Fushiminomiya Collection of the Archives and Mausolea Department of the Imperial Household Agency (Kunaicho Shoryobu). It includes a bibliographical description of the source, a bibliography, explanatory notes, genealogical charts, and supplementary notes, all of which were in the original version, to which an index of names has been added.
Bunki- has been mentioned twice in this section of Toyo Ongaku Kenkyu to date (see Issues 48 and 54). It is a collection of historical tales dealing with music, centring on the transmission of the biwa, thought to have been completed in c 1272 by the priest Bunkibo Ryuen. Its purpose seems to have been to identify the position of the Nishi school of biwa within the history of the music tradition, and to argue for the preeminence of Fujiwara no Takatoki (also Hosshinbo, eldest son of Fujiwara no Takamichi [1166-1237], earlier head of the Nishi school).
It is the first work of its kind dealing with music. Other collections of historical tales with sections dealing with music, such as Kojidan and Kokon Chomon-ju, include episodes in historical order, but they do not form a complete tale as a whole. It seems that Ryuen modeled his work on the historical tale Okagami; by narrating history within the context of traditions (not only that of the biwa, but also of other instruments and vocal genres), it brings together into a single strand the episodes to be found in fragmentary form in other sources. The 253 sections (in the Kikutei version) overlap with accounts in earlier sources dealing with music and other collections of tales, thus bringing new credibility to them. They are not inconsistent with accounts in later music compendia, such as Kyokunsho, nor with the genealogies of transmission of the biwa and so.
It can be said that research on Bunki- has been facilitated with the publication of the Fushiminomiya facsimile version with commentary in 1971, and of a typographical reprint of the Kikutei and Fushiminomiya versions with commentary by Hirabayashi Moritoku and Soma Mariko in 1988. Iwasa's annotated version is thus the first of what should be a number of works on Bunki-. Her annotations are clear and concise, and demonstrate a wide reading of other music source materials. As the first annotated version, it is worthy of high praise. What we should hope for now is a complete annotation, one that undertakes a thorough comparative survey of contents of the musical compendia. With this we should be able to anticipate the completion of a reference source that lists all appearances of related episodes in all extant written sources.

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This paper reports on the results of the survey of the restaurant where "Ventilation ceiling system" that doesn't set up the exhaust hood is adopted. The object of the investigation is a thermal environment in the kitchen, an electricity consumption of the kitchen appliances, and the state of the supply air and the exhaust air. The purpose of the study is from a relation between generation of heat and air-conditioning and ventilation to the examination of the thermal environment in the kitchen.
The results of a measurement of the exhaust air showed that the temperature changed gradually as the electricity consumption of the kitchen appliances increased. We showed that generation of heat from kitchen appliances had been efficiently exhausted from the relation between the electricity consumption of the kitchen appliances and the exhaust calorie. The result of a measurement of the thermal environment in the kitchen showed that the temperature rose gradually when kitchen appliances were frequently used. On the other hand, the relative humidity rose remarkably when the kitchen appliances were used and the cooking utensils were washed using the hot water. SET ^* became an evaluation of "It was a little warm" in summer, and became an evaluation of "Comfort" or "It is a little warm" in winter. It was shown that a thermal environment not bad was maintained as a working environment.

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In the Japanese martial art Kendo, there is a “

” grade system that requires examinees to show so called “Nihon Kendo Gata” to obtain a “.” The examination for the grade promotion evaluates the mental attitude as well as the movements of those examinees. Although previous studies attempted to quantify the grade by using objective criterions such as EEG and EMG, it is still unclear how these parameters would synergistically represent the actual movement of Kendo. The present study aims to clarify, based on the EEG/EMG, the functional characteristics underlying the grades and to classify them while the examinees are performing the form of “Nihon Kendo Gata.” An expert with seventh- and five skillful with third- were compared. A portable EEG/EMG system was applied to record the signals simultaneously. The EMG electrodes were placed on the participants’ upper limb, whereas two EEG electrodes were placed on their head by referring to the international 10-20 method. The averaged values of those signals obtained from each participant were fed into an ANOVA and the values were compared by the Tukey’s method. The dendrogram was generated to classify the participants. Our results showed that the magnitudes of the EEG-EMG coherence in the alpha and gamma range for the expert were higher compared to the controls. The results also revealed that expert and skillful were successfully classified by different features of the EEG-EMG coherence, implying that the coherence could be a possible measure for quantifying the -grades.

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We investigated the occurrence of solvent cracking in unplasticized polyvinyl chloride pipes using test materials prepared by conventional methods. We confirmed that voids were formed on the inner surface of the pipe at a holding time of 2 weeks under conditions of room temperature (298 K), 1.0 g of applied adhesive, and 4 N/m U-band tightening torque. The voids formed linearly in the circumferential direction at regions in contact with the U-band and linearly in the axial direction at regions not in contact. Environmental agents of tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2-butane, and cyclohexanone were detected during analysis of void regions on the inner surface of the pipe and residual gas in the pipe. The results suggest that the stress generated by tightening of the U-band and the environmental agents affected void generation. Furthermore, stress analysis simulation of the U-band contact region show the presence of tensile stress at regions in contact with the U-band and compressive stress at regions not in contact. The difference in these stresses and the regularity of the molecular arrangement during manufacturing of the pipe likely influences the direction of void generation, which can progress into cracks.

 

This Paper was Originally Published in Japanese in J. Soc. Mater. Sci., Japan 70 (2021) 623–627.

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The traffic accident database is the sole important source outside of traffic police that could help effectively to understand the traffic safety situation. For right usage, this study has clarified its special feature such as better liability, difference of purpose, object and standard. The data of 2009 confirms the efforts to ensure the traffic safety so that the fatalities are under control, but the seriousness of traffic accident is very high. Especially, the study has proposed a methodology to find out the Correction Factor of the number of accident sufferer. Based on the corrected value, it could reconfirm that the number of injured published by traffic police is unrealistically low. It shows the underreporting level is about 63 times. It proved that the corrected data are quite in concordance with a rule from the Vietnamese Injury Pyramid that for each fatality, there are 58 injuries at difference seriousness.

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