To overcome the decline in the number of students advancing to

of (PhD) courses in graduate schools in Japan, the government of Japan launched a new five-year program in 2021: Support for Pioneering Research Initiated by the Next Generation (SPRING). SPRING is overseen by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) as an integrated program that provides outstanding PhD course students financial support in an amount equivalent to their living expenses and research expenses, as well as career development and human development courses and support. The proposed advanced doctoral program for medical innovators at Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences was selected for SPRING support under the theme of “Beef Up Toyaku talents TO go BEyond the borders” (BUTTOBE). This report describes the purpose and current activities of the BUTTOBE program.

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In this study, a child with autism was taught to respond to the question, “What else?” The purpose of this study was to examine an effective procedure to acquire appropriate responses when asked for additional information. The participant was first asked what he associated with an animal before being asked for additional information. To teach correct responses, a prompt fading procedure was used. The results revealed the procedure was effective. Furthermore, the behavioral variability of the participant increased at the completion of the procedure. The results revealed that children with autism can acquire appropriate responses, and the acquisition of these responses affects the degree of behavioral variability.

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A mathematical model was developed to describe fluid flow, heat transfer and electromagnetic phenomena in the bath region of a Direct Current Electric Arc Furnace (DC-EAF). The different effects on the steel bath from the arc, a layer of slag on the top of the steel, and the injection of argon gas from the bottom, are represented using three different numeric approaches and analyzed in terms of fluid flow, heat transfer, and temperature stratification in the steel bath. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to explore the effect of the main process parameters and design variables of the process, such as furnace dimensions, arc conditions, and anode configurations. It was found that in the absence of gas injection, the electromagnetic body forces dominate the fluid flow in the bath region overcoming the opposite effects of buoyancy and shear from the arc. Injection of gases homogenizes the melt improving mixing, while the effect of the slag is to decrease mixing in the bath. Regarding the process analysis, the model showed that the best mixing and the best energy optimization from the arc are achieved when the geometry of the furnace presents the highest aspect ratio. Similarly, short arc lengths and high arc currents are beneficial for mixing. However, these improvements in mixing could be detrimental for the bottom refractory of the furnace because of the direct exposure of the hot metal coming from the arc attachment zone at the bottom wall. Then, the anode configuration can be designed to avoid excessive damage to the refractory.

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The ability to correctly understand the context and deliver the exact solution for a critical issue as expected by an agency's stakeholders has been a long-standing problem. This research is motivated to assist the stakeholders to better understand a critical issue by looking into the contextualisation aspects. The proposed contextualisation approach comprises three processes namely the context characterisation, context representation, and context interpretation. At the end of a contextualisation process cycle, a set of consistent triad relationships would be derived to represent the current context of a critical issue. From an experiment that has been conducted with a stakeholder, this proposed approach has proven to be able to help the stakeholders to determine the right context to understand a critical issue. Besides, a case study has also been conducted to prove the ease of use, ease of usefulness, and stakeholder's intention to use of the proposed approach. It is believed that once the proposed approach is conducted in many contextualisation process cycles with the help of machine learning systems and advance analytics tools, it could produce a useful set of contexts for any critical issue in making better decision deliberations and insights.

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The objectives of this research were to; 1) study the aircraft maintenance management system of the Police Aviation Division, 2) develop an operational manual for aircraft maintenance management according to international standards, and 3) study the attitudes towards the use of the aircraft maintenance management operations manual of the Police Aviation Division. The sequence of operation from the study of documents and aircraft maintenance management theory. Then, interviews were conducted to gather information and use the information to develop an aircraft maintenance management operation manual into 3 steps: aircraft maintenance planning and approval procedures, aircraft maintenance operation procedures, and procedures after aircraft maintenance work and report on air maintenance results. The results showed that the development of the aircraft maintenance management system of the Police Aviation Division has three steps, five main roles; 1) aircraft maintenance planning, 2) resource management, 3) aircraft maintenance quality control system, 4) tool management, and aircraft spare parts, and 5) aircraft maintenance supervisor's report. It takes a form of communication within the organization from the bottom up. In addition, aircraft technicians had a good attitude towards using the operating manual in the aircraft maintenance inspection of the Police Aviation Division at a high level.

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This paper focuses on the field data interpretation and numerical analysis of an elliptical shaft constructed for the Texas Superconducting Super Collider Project. The instrumentation program consisted of measurements of lateral deformation, heave and pore pressure within the undoweled and predoweled reaches of the advancing shaft. The field measurements point to a blocky, post-peak response of the clay shale beneath the advancing shaft invert and indicate the importance of predoweling reinforcement in controlling progression of the blocky failure. The numerical analysis was performed based on an understanding of the rock mass response to excavation developed through analysis of field instrumentation data. The technique developed for simulating the impact of the blocky, post-peak response of the shale on the redistribution of stresses around the shaft opening was successful in describing the pore pressure response recorded beneath the shaft invert and has proven to be a useful tool in studying the redistribution of stresses in blocky materials.

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］本研究では，Teachers College， Columbia University（TC）とUniversity of Texas at Austin（UT）に着目し，それぞれの大学院で提供されているSTEM系教員対象のプログラムを分析した．本研究で分析したTCのプログラムは，科学教育を中心に据えて展開されていると考えられる．その一方で，分析したUTのプログラムでは，STEM教育を冠するプログラムが用意され，このプログラムはSTEM教育を１つの統合された領域と位置づけながらコースを構成し提供していると指摘できる．

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多くの抄紙機は数回増産工事を行う。復旧，換気平衡，排熱，蒸気システム，コンデンセートシステムなどさほど重要だと見做されていない工程には特に関心が払われていないが，省エネルギーの概念は劇的に変化している。エネルギー効率，紙品質，生産性の相関関係が複雑なため，乾燥工程を深く解析せずに抄紙機の消費エネルギーを最適化することは不可能であり，抄紙機の仮想モデルを数式で表すことが最短で最も効率的な道である。
設備投資を実施して抄紙機の乾燥効率を向上させ省エネルギーまたは増産を図る場合，工事開始前にその効果を効率的に実証する唯一の方法がコンピューターシミュレーションである。改造工事が始まってから不測の事態を招かないように事前に設計を最適化しファインチューニングする。メーカーが保証するパラメーターを抄紙機のモデルに入力し動かしてみることによって，このモデルが有効な解析ツールであり，全ての技術的課題の解決を支援し，プロジェクトリスクを著しく減少させることが明らかになる。コンピューターシミュレーションはプロジェクトのコストを低減させ，最適な解決策を提供し，短期間の立ち上げを実現しプロジェクトに高収益をもたらす。
尚，本報告の一部はTokyo Paper2015でフェゼラ氏が発表し，オーストリア大使館の要請で全文を翻訳して紙パ技協誌に掲載する。

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The purpose of this health workforce plan is to provide guidance for the staffing of the Bolikhamxay. Province health services and the training of health service personnel to the year 2020. It must be stressed, however, that this plan is in its first iteration and does not provide all the solutions. Rather, it identifies issues that need to be further investigated and resolved at the local level. For example, the provincial health department (PHD) will need to further investigate the reasons for the significant variability in the utilization of services in different facilities and in the different ratios of staff in relation to the activities performed. The accuracy of the data must be validated and specific interventions must be determined. For Bolikhamxay, particular attention by PHD and district health authorities should be given to the following issues identified in the analysis:
• Shortage of clinical staff, particularly in the age group 30 to 40 years old, to provide supervision, guidance, and support for junior staff in coming years;
• The existence of health centers with less than minimum staffing level (<3), including a midwife and/or staff capable of properly addressing emergencies with particular reference to maternal and child health.
• The median number of activities per staff per year is around 470 (Nakoun/Bolikhan), which means that, on average, a health worker will participate in fewer than two activities per day. The situation in some district hospitals and most health centers is even worse, with an annual average number of activities per staff of only 163, which means that, on average, one staff participates in one activity every 3 days, hardly enough to maintain skills and justify deployment.
• This low level of staff activity raises questions about the need for further increase of staff supply to health centers and districts unless effective interventions are implemented to increase the demand and utilization of services in these facilities.
• It is also necessary to document all relevant activities, including outreach activities and home visits, in order to give appropriate weight in the calculation of utilization and productivity.
• Development of the provincial health workforce development plan requires validated human resources for health information and engagement of local health authorities, as well as strong collaboration with the national authorities and development partners, to ensure adequate support and resourcing.

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When using the substructure method for a pile-supported structure, it is common to adopt a simple element (equivalent model) to simulate the load-deflection behavior of a laterally loaded pile. Conventionally, two kinds of equivalent models, the uncoupled spring model and the equivalent cantilever model, are used to approximate the lateral pile-head response of a laterally loaded pile. These equivalent models can not work equally-well for different pile arrangements and loading conditions because the stiffness matrix (or flexibility matrix) of these equivalent models do not entirely match that of the original pile-soil model. The response obtained will never give correct displacements and forces simultaneously. To solve this problem, this study develops an exact equivalent model, in which an artificial lateral spring is added at the base of the cantilever to modify the fixed-base cantilever model so that it can completely represent the pile-head behavior of a laterally loaded pile-soil system. For verification, comparison studies between the proposed model and conventional equivalent models are conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed model.

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 This paper studies the stability of dynamic crack growth in a homogeneous body, carrying out a numerical experiment of a plate with two anti-symmetric cracks. PDS-FEM proposed by the authors is extended to dynamic state and used in the numerical experiment. It is shown that while a common process is not found for the crack growth, there are two dominant patterns for the final crack configuration. The first pattern is anti-symmetric, indicating the stability of the homogeneous body solution, and the second pattern is not anti-symmetric, suggesting that the solution becomes unstable. It is also shown that higher loading rate tends to shift the crack configuration to the second pattern, losing the stability of the solution.

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This paper studies the stability of dynamic crack growth in a homogeneous body, carrying out a numerical experiment of a plate with two anti-symmetric cracks. PDS-FEM proposed by the authors is extended to dynamic state and used in the numerical experiment. It is shown that while a common process is not found for the crack growth, there are two dominant patterns for the final crack configuration. The first pattern is anti-symmetric, indicating the stability of the homogeneous body solution, and the second pattern is not anti-symmetric, suggesting that the solution becomes unstable. It is also shown that higher loading rate tends to shift the crack configuration to the second pattern, losing the stability of the solution.

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ラビリンス堰は放流能力が高いため, ダム洪水吐, 取水位調節ゲートなど様々な用途に効力を発揮する. しかし, その平面形状がジグザグなため, セキ厚を厚くしがたく越流流況が不安定化することがある. このような不安定流況は実用上往々にして好ましくない. 本報文では不安定流況の回避, 抑制に資するべく, 刃形セキ断面のラビリンス堰についてその形状諸元と不安定流況が発生する越流水頭の関係を明らかにした. また, これよりW/P=1.5～2の形状はL/W, A/Wの変化に依らず流況安定性が高いこと等を明らかにした (P: セキ高, W, L: それぞれ堰の隅角部を除くラビリンス堰1サイクルの越流幅, セキ頂長さ, A: ラビリンス堰の短辺長).

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The shortage of coke production due to the closure of coke ovens has led in Japan and other industrialised countries to increasing the injection of auxiliary fuels, e.g. pulverised coal (PC) into blast furnace tuyeres. The PC injection at high rates of more than 200 kg/t requires high burnout within the raceway zone. In order to analyse flow and combustion in the raceway and to assist improvement of burner design, a two-dimensional mathematical model of PC combustion has been developed with simulating both the blowpipe and raceway.
Effects of a packed bed on the turbulent features of gas and particulate flow were introduced to the model along with all other pertinent phenomena such as heterogeneous reactions of coke and char particles. Validation work against measurements in two industrial blast furnaces indicated that the model has worked satisfactorily for simulation with and without PC injection.
Various measures for burnout improvements were explored under an injection rate of 200 kg/tHM. Notable improvements were observed by oxygen enrichment to the secondary air and enlargement of the outer diameter of the injection burner.

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The layered clay-sand scheme of land reclamation involves the formation of thin sand seams sandwiched in between hydraulically placed marine clays to provide shorter drainage paths for the rapid consolidation of the clay layers during surcharge application. In a situation of scarce and expensive sand supply, it is desirable to minimize the losses of sand through penetration into the very soft clay slurry during the process of forming the horizontal sand seams. This study provides some insights as to the nature of sand penetration into a clay slurry through a jute interlayer. The factors that affect the efficacy of the jute layer in minimizing sand losses into a clay slurry are the height of drop of the sand through still water before hitting the jute interlayer, the intensity of sand spreading, the relative sizes of sand particles to the opening size of the jute fabric, and the clay slurry strength. Experiments are conducted to examine the effects of each of these factors, and the results are verified by gamma-ray density profiling of the clay column before and after sand spreading. Results indicate that the key factors that control sand penetration are the relative sizes of sand particles to jute opening, the intensity of spreading, and the slurry strength.

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In flat-based liquid storge tanks such as oil storage tanks with no anchor, up lift that a part of the bottom plate separates from its base occurs during earthquake excitation. This phenomenon sometimes causes tank collapse, that is, crack at the bottm-shell corner or buckling at the lower part of the shell plate. To make this up lifting mechanism clear is very important for the seismic design of liquid storage tanks, and not less reports on this problem have been published. But the mechanism is so complex that any of them presents neither a sufficient solution nor a well established design practice. One of the reasons is that the tank models used hitherto in their experiments do not satisfy physical similarity to Buckingham's law, and that the results can not be used directly as the data for actual large-scaled tanks.
From this standpoint, we carried out a static tilt test with two tank models satisfying perfectly the similitude law. The models were made of polyethylene film, and to satisfy the similality they were reduced to 1/40 scale. One model (MODEL-A) had 488mm diameter, 488mm water depth, 0.36mm shell plate thickness and 0.28 annular plate thickness. Another one (MODEL-B) was 1220mm×488mm 0.54mm×0.36mm. Rigidity of the plates was too weak to measure strains, and we measured only displacements. Three 15mm thick rubber plates were used as the model of foundation, and in order to investigate the influence of foundation stiffness upon the tank up-lifting behavior we added experiments with various types of foundation. And the influence of the top roof was investigated, too.
Through the test we got the data corresponding to actual tanks, and found that up lifting mechanism was not only concerned with the lower part of the tank, but also with the whole of the tank.

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At the present time, photography is taught in many different departments, divisions and courses, and also in different guiding philosophies. These range from fine arts to pure science.
In recent years, the number of institutions offering instruction in photography markedly increased. Also academic degrees with a major in photography range from two years Associate Degree to the of .
This report describes today's status on photographic education in the United States of America, and also introduces the photographic education programs at Rochester Institute of Technology as a typical institution for photographic education in the United States.

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Pharmacy practice is progressing toward the future with the addition of 2 years to the Japanese pharmacy school curriculum by the year 2006. With a 6-year pharmacy degree, graduating pharmacists can provide more pharmaceutical care to patients in hospitals and community pharmacies than ever before. In the United States, the clinical pharmacy movement began to evolve during the 1960's. Several key philosophical changes and structural modifications to the pharmacy curriculum prepared graduates for new roles in patient education, communication with physicians, independent learning, and problem-solving. Patient case discussions through the small group, problem-based learning (PBL) approach are essential courses for the development of analytical thinking skills. Students are required to justify their choices with evidence-based primary literature. The curriculum is also strengthened by including participatory experiences, such as clinical rotations, within the curriculum structure prior to graduation. The clinical pharmacy movement was successful and now pharmacists in the United States perform a broad scope of patient-oriented clinical practice activities, such as preventative healthcare screening and monitoring of cholesterol, blood glucose, and hemoglobin Alc blood levels, taking blood pressure measurements, administering immunizations and providing more patient education than ever before.

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