To overcome the restrictions of conventional spin detectors (Mott, SPLEED) low energy electron scattering at a Fe(100)-p(1× 1)O surface was first proposed by Bertacco and Ciccacci [Phys. Rev. B 59, 4207 (1999)] as a system for highly efficient spin detection. We developed a new instrument based on that scheme. The iron is prepared in-situ on a W(100) crystal without the need for separate sample preparation and exchange when using a MgO substrate. Our working point at 6.5 eV scattering energy is consistent with the above paper by Bertacco and Ciccacci. Results obtained with UPS on an Fe film are shown. With a Sherman-function of approx. 30% and a reflectivity of up to 10% the figure of merit (FOM) is more than one magnitude higher compared to conventional detectors. The FOM shows no degradation over days in UHV. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2011.340]

抄録全体を表示

This research developed the Japanese version of the Regulatory

Questionnaire (RFQ-J). RFQ is based on regulatory theory that distinguishes between two types of self-control: Promotion and Prevention . Promotion emphasizes hopes and accomplishments, whereas prevention emphasizes safety and responsibility. 181 undergraduates completed RFQ-J, and scales for examinations of validity. The result of factor analysis showed RFQ-J has the same two-factor structure as the original. Internal consistency was adequate. The correlations between RFQ-J and the scales for validity were consistent with previous studies.

抄録全体を表示

〔目的〕運動機能向上にはinternal

（IF）指示よりもexternal （EF）指示が効果的である．しかし，対象者の熟練度が低い場合や，継続的な介入においてはIF指示が有効である可能性が考えられている．そこで，未習熟課題への継続的介入におけるIF・EF指示の効果を検証した．〔対象と方法〕健常若年者55名を2群に分け，非利き手での投球課題に対してIF・EF指示を用いた14日間の介入を行った．〔結果〕両群の球速変化に交互作用はなく，時間の主効果が認められた．また，対象者全体の球速に有意な向上が認められた．〔結語〕IF指示はEF指示と同等に効果的であったため，未習熟課題の継続的介入において，EF指示だけでなくIF指示も有効である可能性が考えられる．

抄録全体を表示

[Purpose] The present study reviewed studies that examined the effects of attentional on balance. [Methods] Keywords such as “attentional”, “”, and “balance” were used to find relevant research papers in PubMed (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed). Forty-five papers were found, and 18 of them were used for this study, excluding review papers and papers irrelevant to the topic of this study. [Results] Among the papers used for the review, the number of papers in which external produced effective outcomes was 15 (83.3%). The number of papers in which both external and internal produced effective outcomes was 2 (11.1%). The number of paper in which no instruction about attentional was effective was 1 (5.5%), and the number of papers in which internal was effective was zero. [Conclusion] This short review suggests clinical implications about how physical therapists can use attentional for balance rehabilitation of patients. Instructions about external of attention can generally be useful as a method to improve posture and balance control. Furthermore, the present reviews indicates that external of attention would be more useful in a rehabilitation stage in which the difficulty level of balance performance is gradually increased.

抄録全体を表示

In microscopic field, measuring a depth distance and a direction of a focal plane on an optical axis is very difficult. In our previous study, the depth estimation method are proposed based on difference between blur widths of objects in a single shot. However, the direction of a focal plane is unknown by the method. In this study, we propose an effective approach to detect the focal plane in microscopic field. We

on different corrections of chromatic aberration to detect the plane. The corrections is roughly classified into four types. These types show different shifts for each light wavelength. Therefore, color appearance on the blur width of a target differ from each types. Extracting the color appearance by image processing, we detect the focal plane. From experimental results, we showed the effectiveness of the proposal approach considering shifts of chromatic aberration.

抄録全体を表示

The present study examined the influence of attentional

on performance of long-distance throwing using dominant and non-dominant hands with different skill levels. Twenty eight participants (22 males and 6 females, mean age: 22. 4 ± 3. 1 years) who showed significant difference between the performance of dominant and non-dominant hand executed three maximum-effort throwing attempts with dominant and non-dominant hands under three different conditions of attentional : (1) internal on the wrist (wrist internal condition; W-INT) , (2) internal on separation between pelvis and upper torso orientations (torso internal condition; T-INT) , and (3) external on ball trajectory (external condition; EXT) . Skill level for each hand was defined as the throwing distance. The results related to throwing distance revealed, through a two-way ANOVA, a significant interaction between hand and attentional . With the dominant hand, throwing distance became longer in the T-INT (38. 72 ± 1. 85 m) and EXT (38. 63 ± 1. 9 m ) conditions than in the W-INT (36. 80 ± 1. 77 m ) condition. With the non-dominant hand, throwing distance was shorter in the W-INT (18. 33 ± 0. 80 m ) and T-INT (18. 49 ± 0 .86 m ) conditions than in the EXT (19. 93 ± 0. 93 m) condition. In addition, the results related to release angle also showed a significant interaction between hand and attentional . These results suggest that the influence of attentional on long-distance throwing differs depending on skill level, and that the variation of throwing distance are related to release angle.

抄録全体を表示

This study investigated the health regulatory

(i.e., promotion and prevention ) and its relationship with health behaviors (specifically diet and exercise) among young adults in Japan. A sample of 268 young Japanese adults aged 18―24 years participated in the study. They completed a set of questionnaires, which included the Health Regulatory Scale and items assessing the type and frequency of their health behaviors. Results indicated that a promotion was positively correlated with health behaviors, while a prevention showed no significant correlation. Further, categorizing health behaviors revealed that descriptions of vegetable intake and activities such as walking and muscle training were particularly prominent among young adults. These findings lead to a discussion on recommendations for future health promotion strategies for young adults.

抄録全体を表示

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the difference in attentional

, including the external (EF) or internal (IF) during exercise on attention resources from the viewpoint of the brain activity. [Participants and Methods] The study included 20 healthy adult participants randomly assigned to two groups: the EF and IF groups. The participants in each group received different verbal instructions before performing a tennis ball task, in which they threw a tennis ball on the floor at a target with their non-dominant hands as accurately as possible while sitting on a chair. During the task, oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was continuously measured using a near-infrared spectroscopy device. The accuracy of the task and the change of oxy-Hb were statistically analyzed. [Results] Although there were no statistically significant differences between the groups, both accuracy of the task and oxy-Hb in the EF group were found to be higher than those in the IF group. [Conclusion] Our results showed that although the accuracy of motor control in the EF was superior to that in the IF, there is a possibility of increased attention resources in the EF compared to those in the IF.

抄録全体を表示

Correlations between the type of regulatory

orientation and performance levels were investigated from the perspective of conserving cognitive resources. University students (N = 64) participated in the experiment. They were induced to have a promotion- or prevention-focused orientation and were required to conduct a lower priority task followed by a higher priority task. Results indicated that when the prevention-focused orientation was activated, participants did not spend much effort to achieve lower priority tasks and the performance level was lower compared to when the promotion-focused orientation was activated. It was considered that the intention for conserving cognitive resources increased because the prevention-focused participants knew that they would be engaging in a higher priority task in the future. Conversely, these same participants demonstrated higher performance in higher priority tasks implemented later, compared to when the promotion-focused orientation was activated. The above results suggest that cognitive resources are allocated intentionally under prevention-focused conditions.

抄録全体を表示

2011年6月，11月とTOP500リストで世界一となったスーパーコンピュータ「京」は2012年6月に完成し2012年9月末から共用が開始されている。応用分野でも先駆的な「京」利用者がゴードン・ベル賞を2011年，2012年と2年連続で受賞する等成果を上げ始めている。本報告ではスーパーコンピュータ「京」について，概要，完成までの道のりと現状，運用と共用体制，計算資源配分，利用課題の公募・選定方法と2012年度の採択結果，産業利用のための支援や拠点，利用可能なソフトウェア等，共用がどのように行われているか産業利用を中心に紹介する。

抄録全体を表示

According to the regulatory fit theory (Higgins, 2000), when people engage in goal pursuit in a manner that fits their orientation (e.g., promotion/eager or prevention/vigilance), they experience regulatory fit and engage more strongly in the pursuit, leading to better outcomes. The present research investigated the influence of regulatory fit on performance by considering the type of performance (speed or accuracy) and the kind of regulatory fit (promotion/eager, or prevention/vigilance). In Study 1, 85 university students were induced to hold a promotion or prevention orientation. In Study 2, 90 university students were assessed for individual differences in regulatory orientation. The results indicated that speed performance was best when there was promotion/eager regulatory fit, whereas accuracy performance was best when there was prevention/vigilance regulatory fit. These findings suggest that the performance effects of regulatory fit are not identical, but differ according to the types of regulatory fit.

抄録全体を表示

[Purpose] External

(EF) instructions demonstrate a learning effect on motor performance enhancement. However, the effective EF distance during standing long jump performance of non-athletes has not been clarified. This study aimed to determine the effects of EF at different distances on jumping performance. [Participants and Methods] A total of 40 non-athlete participants were randomly divided among four groups. The no attention line group performed a standing long jump without the attention line on the floor; those in the −20-cm EF group, the ± 0-cm EF group, and +20-cm EF group performed the jump attention line with an attention line 20-cm posterior, at ± 0 cm, and 20-cm anterior as the reference jump distances, respectively. [Results] The mean rate of increase between the first to second jump distances in the +20-cm EF group was higher than that in the no attention line group. The rates at which the jumpers reached the attention line in the ± 0-cm EF group and the +20-cm EF group were lower than the rate in the −20-cm EF group. [Conclusion] Instructions are more effective when the distance to the attention line exceeds jumping performance.

抄録全体を表示

This study focused on the relationship between regulatory

and creative performance. We investigated the effects of ego involvement on enhancing motivation in task performance. We hypothesized that there are no differences in creativity based on the degree of ego involvement in promotion-focused individuals, whereas creativity would be higher in prevention-focused individuals with higher ego involvement. University students (N = 128) participated in the study. The results supported the hypothesis. When ego involvement was high, there were no differences in creativity between promotion-focused and prevention-focused individuals on three indicators of creativity. Based on these three indicators, prevention-focused individuals were more creative than promotion-focused individuals. Moreover, prevention-focused individuals who worked on a task patiently and persistently achieved equal or better creative performance than promotion-focused individuals.

抄録全体を表示

本研究では、青森県東方沖の地震を対象に、KiK-net の地中観測点の記録を回帰分析し、その値に対して、震度情報ネットワーク、K-NET、KiK-net の地表観測点の地震動指標 (最大加速度、計測震度) がどの程度増幅されているかを求めた。得られた結果に対する統計的評価を行い、さらに実測値との比較、1994 年三陸はるか沖地震の際のアンケート震度との比較を行った。これらを通して、本研究で得られた増幅度の妥当性を示した。

抄録全体を表示