The Takahara volcano is a Quaternary stratovolcano located on the volcanic front in the southern part of the northeast Japan arc. is a dacitic lava dome in the northern part of the Takahara volcano, with dominant mafic inclusions that are andesitic in composition. A few phenocrysts lie across the boundary between host dacites and inclusions. Plagioclase and orthopyroxene phenocrysts in the host rocks and inclusions, respectively, have wide compositional variations; the whole-rock major and trace element compositions of these rocks yield linear data distributions. These results indicate that mixing between felsic and mafic magma occurred during the formation of the magma. The felsic end-member could be close in composition to the host dacite, whereas the mafic end-member is not similar to that of the eruptive products at the early stage of the Takahara volcano. It is suggested that the mafic inclusions were composed of andesitic magma formed by mixing in the chamber and then mingling in the conduit during ascent.

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As generally known, Playcentre activity is one kind (type) of the early childhood education in New Zealand. Although it looks like them in a sense, Playcentre is not a Kindergarten. At the same time, it isn't a Nursery Home (Daycare Centre). But, it is a very unique place for the young (from 30 months old) children, actually. They can enjoy the Play and the Playing in a real meaning through selecting and choosing freely their activities and toys at Playcentre. By the way, at Playcentre, they don't have any teachers nor any nurses. In a word, they don't have any professions for the children there. Who does take care of and look after the children at Playcentre? Their parents as care givers, of course. Playcentre has been established and managed by the parents themselves for over 50 years. So the parents at Playcentre have to have special meetings for learning parenting and communication for the managing Playcentre, regularly. Families growing together, it is a main philosophy of Playcentre activity in New Zealand. The parents at Playcentre always have to help each other. Recently in our Japan, we have many national plans and procedures especially for the young parents to help their nursing at their homes and families. For example, the Angel Plan in Japan since 1994 is the most famous one. Of course, it is really important for the children and they have to need those special politics. But, many of us are very afraid that the parents in a young generation don't (or won't) take care of their own children by themselves. They must not forget their own responsibilities of real parents as care givers for the children From this viewpoint (above), we (for instance, Ms. Mika IKEMOTO at Japan Research Institute and myself) think that we really need a new movement between the young parents just like a Playcentre activity in Japan. So we have been studying about Playcentre in New Zealnd and visited there many times to get the informations and the materials since 1996. At last, we started our Playcentre Movement in Japan. Mama Playcentre (based in Mishima City, Shizuoka prefecture) since 2000 is the first Japanese Playcentre. This report shows us how we got and established Mama Playcentre and some kinds of activities that we presented for the parents there. Of course, we have some problems and troubles at our Playcentre Japan version, that is to say. Anyway, from June 2001, we are planning to start 3 centers in Shizuoka pref.

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急性虫垂炎で発症し,病理学的検索で虫垂好銀性カルチノイドと診断した症例を経験した.症例は36歳女性.下腹部痛を主訴に入院した.右下腹部に筋性防御を伴う圧痛を認めたが,入院2日目に理学的所見,炎症所見ともに増悪したため,急性虫垂炎として,虫垂切除術を施行した.病理組織学的には,虫垂粘膜下層を主座に,球状で,粗大なクロマチンを有し,比較的均一な核を有する細胞のシート状,胞巣状,一部索状の増生がみられ,腫瘍細胞はchromogranin A染色陽性, Grimelius染色陽性, Fontana-Masson染色陰性であり,虫垂好銀性カルチノイドと診断した.組織学的に断端陽性であったため, 55日後に追加切除(回盲部切除)を行ったが,摘出標本に腫瘍細胞はみられなかった.術後1年4カ月の現在再発の徴候はみられない.虫垂好銀性カルチノイドは極めて稀であるため,若干の文献的考察を加えて報告する.

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Several flow instabilities appear during polymer processing, particularly, in extrusion. They are melt fractures,such as, sharkskin, stick slip, gross melt fracture. Also they are abnormal melt fractures, such as, super shear, process window, and splitting. Other flow instabilities are interfacial instability in co-extrusion, bubble instability in tubular film extrusion, and draw resonance in fiber spinning, film casting and extrusion lamination. Their general characteristics and mechanisms, the control of melt fractures, and the recent trend of melt fracture studies are briefly reviewed.

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今回われわれはChilaiditi症候群を伴うイレウスで発症した巨大虫垂粘液嚢腫の1例を経験したので,若干の文献的考察を加え報告する.症例は41歳の男性.腹痛,下痢,嘔吐で入院した.胸腹部単純X線検査ではChilaiditi症候群を伴ったイレウス像を呈し,腹部CTでは下腹部に嚢胞性病変を認めた.イレウス管挿入によりイレウスは改善したが,腹部超音波検査で長径13cmの巨大嚢胞がみられ,腹腔内巨大嚢胞性病変と診断し,入院7日目に手術を施行した.巨大虫垂粘液嚢腫と診断し回盲部切除を行った.切除虫垂はサイズ17.2×7.7cmで,ゼリー状の粘液で充満していた.病理組織学的所見では,虫垂粘膜および固有筋層はほとんど消失し,壁は線維化していた.検索した範囲では腫瘍性病変は認められなかった.本症例は移動性盲腸を合併しており,嚢腫の捻転によりイレウスおよびChilaiditi症候群をきたしたと考えられた.

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The centipedes brought from Torijima I. consist of two species of Lithobi-idae and one species of Henicopidae, all of which are the Holarctic elements.
Lamyctes guamus is the first example of the genus Lamyctes found in Japan. The diagnoses of the female are as follows; Ocellus presents, large one. Anten-nae short and 27 articles in a female but about 20 in other specimens. First two articles very large in comparison with the others. Prosternal teeth 2+2. Prefensor stout. Mandible with five teeth. Tarsus of 1-12 legs simple, unarmed. Coxal pores round, small, 2, 2, 2, 2 in female instead of 1, 1, 1, 1 in male.
Claw of gonopods in female obtuse and chitinous, basal spines 2+2, stout. Anal legs long as well as other species. Locality: Torijima I., Aug. 13, 14, 15, 1950, collected by Mr. I. .
The fact that Dr. Chamberlin reported this species from Guam in 1946 is very interesting from the zoogeographical point of view, as the Lithobiid centi-pedes wwrw not expected to bew found in such an area as Micronesia, Bonin Is., etc.

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腸管粘膜細胞の増殖・分化は，消化管ホルモンなどの液性因子や食餌由来の腸管内増殖因子などにより巧妙に調節されている．腸管内の増殖因子として，ペクチンなどの水溶性食物繊維には顕著な腸粘膜増殖作用があり，それには発酵性と粘稠度が関与している．発酵により生じた短鎖脂肪酸，特に酪酸は大腸粘膜細胞の栄養源であり，腸管増殖因子としても作用する．一方，酪酸には抗炎症作用があり，傷害腸管の修復にも関与する．これらは，デキストラン硫酸（DSS）にて作成した潰瘍性大腸炎モデルにおいても確認されている．さらに，酪酸産生菌である Clostridium butyricum M588経口投与によってもDSS大腸炎の炎症修復が確認された．一方，発芽大麦から精製されたGerminated barley foodstuff （GBF）は，潰瘍性大腸炎モデルなどによる基礎研究の成績をもとに臨床応用され，優れた臨床成績から病者用食品として認可されている．また，レクチンにも食物繊維と同様の腸粘膜増殖作用があるが，これらは腸内細菌叢に影響を及ぼすことなく，おもに腸粘膜への直接的な増殖作用とされている．これらの増殖因子は傷害からの修復にも寄与するものと考えられる．

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Stagnant water on reinforced concrete (RC) decks shortens their fatigue life significantly compared to dry conditions. By using a multi-scale simulation together with the pseudo-cracking method, the remaining fatigue life of real RC bridge decks covered by stagnant water is estimated based upon their site-inspected surface crack’s patterns. For quick diagnosis for deterioration magnitude of RC decks, two assessment methods are proposed. A predictive correlation of the remaining fatigue life and a mechanics-based parameter (cracks density) considering both cracks length and width is introduced as a speedy judgment for the deterioration-magnitude. For comprehensive judgment for the deterioration-magnitude, an artificial neural network (ANN) model is further introduced by means of machine learning. Bayesian regularization technique was conducted to the training scheme to reduce the misguided ANN’s evaluation caused by overlearning. Finally, deck’s bottom surface map of reference is introduced to show the location of comparatively problematic cracks based upon the weights assigned with the synapses of the neuron of the built ANN model.

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This study is a continuation of the published research studies relevant to self-compacting geopolymer mortar (SCGM) prototype using fly ash. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fly ash quantity on the rheological properties of SCGM. The flow properties include relative flow area (G_m) and relative funnel speed (R_m) is determined with the variation of fly ash to sand ratio (FA/S), volume of water to powder ratio (Vw/Vp), and superplasticizer to powder ratio (Sp/P). The test results exhibited that the increase in FA/S from 0.5 to 1.0 positively affected the G_m and R_m of SCGM. The maximum G_m of 10.90 and R_m of 1.43 were obtained for the SCGM mix having FA/S of 1.0, Vw/Vp of 1.02, and Sp/P of 3%. Overall, test results exhibited that with an increase in FA/S comparable flow properties of SCGM were achieved even at lower Vw/Vp and Sp/P. The recommended boundary for SCGM is proposed by comparing the experimental test result of this study with previous studies.

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We examined the characteristics of production and marketing in the Fujiyoshida textile production area of Japan in recent years, as well as the importance of related undertakings, with the aim of supporting the survival of local textile production. We interviewd members of Fujiyoshida's weaving cooperatives, staff at the Fuji industrial technology center in Yamanashi Prefecture, and staff of a representative weaving company. We reached the following conclusions. In recent years production has increased and the percentage production of cloth for curtain and wall has increased. The marketing focus is direct sales by the producers and at tourist stalls.
We hope to set up plural groups such as the Kaikiza group, that which has been made from four successors, of weaving as soon as possible. We hope to develop original goods and carry out sales promotion by means of direct sales.

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In view of the life-cycle assessment of concrete pavement, three-dimensional behavioral simulation was conducted by integrating constitutive laws for cracked/uncracked reinforced concrete, modeling of pore water inside cracks and multi-yield surface plasticity for soil to investigate the fatigue life under high-cycle moving loads. Presented is a discussion that the balanced pavement requires thicker slabs than those required by current design codes on medium compacted soil foundations, but for too much looser foundation, it is over-designed, conversely. Then, a new design approach is proposed in terms of the slab thickness by considering nonlinear coupling with soil foundation. When the stagnant water exists on the slab with cracks, the numerical analysis shows the excessive pore water pressure in cracks at the upper layers of the concrete pavement. The engineering experience is proved such that the deterioration of concrete slabs is accelerated by water and the fatigue life is dramatically shortened compared to the dry situation.

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  Research works on molecular interactions in solutions were carried out at School of Pharmacy, the University of Wisconsin under the direction of Prof. T. Higuchi and at Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University under the direction of Prof. H. Sezaki. Studies on permeation of drugs through polymer membranes were carried out at Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada and at Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratories at Food and Drug Directorate, Department of Health and Welfare, Canada. Studies on modification of delivery patterns by means of pharmaceutical approaches were carried out at Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University. Topics related to modification of drug delivery patterns include employment of amorphous forms such as ground mixture with micro-crystalline cellulose and coprecipitate with polyvinylpyrrolidone, use of biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid and polycarbonates, gel-forming materials such as konjac, agar and hydroxypropylcellulose, and physicochemical systems such as complexation. Works related to drug delivery and disposition of drugs in humans were carried out at Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital. Topics related to drug delivery in humans include injections containing anticancer drugs for intra-arterial administration, lidocaine gels for dermal anesthesia, glucagon solution for nasal administration. Topics related to disposition of drugs in humans include clinical pharmacokinetic studies in infants and elderly and medical uses of adsorbents.

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Cellobiose is produced from cellulose using specific bacterial enzymes, and is hydrolyzed into glucose by the enzymes cellobiosidase and cellulase. In this study, we examined the effects of cellobiose on colonic mucosal damage in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis model. BALB/c mice were divided into two groups. In the first group, the mice were fed 3.5% DSS mixed with normal chow. In the second group, the mice were fed 3.5% DSS plus 6.0 or 9.0% (weight/weight) cellobiose mixed with normal chow. The development of colitis was assessed on day 21. Mucosal cytokine expression was analyzed by RT-PCR. Body weight loss was significantly attenuated in the 9.0% cellobiose-fed DSS mice as compared to the DSS mice. Colonic weight/length ratio, a maker of tissue edema, was significantly higher in the DSS mice than in the 9.0% cellobiose-fed DSS mice. The disease activity index and histological colitis score were also significantly higher in the DSS mice than in the 9.0% cellobiose-fed DSS mice. Mucosal mRNA expression for IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17 and IP-10 were markedly reduced in the 9.0% cellobiose-fed DSS mice. In conclusion, a preventive effect of cellobiose against DSS colitis suggests its clinical use for inflammatory bowel diseases patients.

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To analyze chromosomal polymorphism in the Chrysolina aurichalcea complex, two new karyotypes were described, and their total complement lengths were compared using their hybrid chromosome. The distribution of the karyotypes, including those studied thus far in the Japanese Archipelago, was surveyed. The new types had chromosome numbers of 2n(♂)=31 and 2n(♂)=41 and were both XO sex-systems. The 31 type differed markedly type was slightly larger than or the same as that of the 41 type. Both types were widely distributed throughout the Japanese Archipelago. The 31 type inhabited most parts of Japan and the 41 type prevailed in Hokkaido, a few islands and mountainous areas in Honshu. Distribution of the two types appeared to be allopatric or parapatric. The geographic distribution of the 41 type is presumed to be a relict type to the 31 type. The relationships between the two types, and between each of the two and the other karyotypes, are discussed in reference to the speed of karyotype differentiation of the two types. It is speculated that karyotype differentiation between the two types may have proceeded at a rather high evolutionary rate.

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The effects of larval density and delayed hatching on the life cycle of Anomala cuprea were investigated under field conditions and the vertical distribution of larvae was examined in relation to the soil temperature. The mean developmental velocity tended to diminish with the increase of larval density. After hibernation the population was separated into two groups, one emerged as adults from June to July and the other in the following June. When larvae hatched from eggs in mid September they remained in the first instar or developed only to the second instar before hibernation. The first instar larvae suffered from high mortality during hibernation. The individuals that had survived hibernation entered diapause in the summer and pupated the following year. The period of adult emergence in all the experimental populations was the same as in the natural population.The vertical distribution of larvae in the soil changes seasonally. They stayed near the surface from summer to autumn and burrowed deeper in winter. The larvae with a yellowish body colour stayed in deeper sites except from spring to early summer. The significance of this variation in distribution is discussed. From these results it was concluded that the life cycle of this species was regulated to synchronize the seasonal occurrence of adult emergence.

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