A new X-ray stress measuring technique – dual-axis inclining method – has been developed to measure stress on a flat surface at confined area like a side-wall of V-groove non-destructively. This technique allows one to measure two mutually orthogonal stress components of the side-wall – the normal stress in the groove-height direction σ_T and that in the - direction σ_L – without eliminating a facing side-wall. This technique is characterized by the combination of the iso-inclination scanning (ψ angle) and the side-inclination scanning (Ω angle). The iso-inclination scanning in the plane including the - leaving the side-wall inclined from the reference axis of goniometer's rotation, i.e. the ψ rotation under Ω ≠ 0deg, gives an apparent stress in the - direction. Measuring the relation between the apparent stress and sin²Ω for available range on Ω in which the X-ray path is not prevented by the facing side-wall, one can obtain σ_L from the y-intercept by extrapolating the regression line of the relation to sin²Ω = 0 and σ_T from the gradient of the regression line. The validity of this technique was verified by applying this technique and the conventional method to a flat specimen respectively, and comparing the values measured.

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A habit plane of plate-like α phase with peculiar wavy shape in a Cu-43.2mass%Zn alloy was investigated by the observation of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and measuring of SEM-Electron Channeling Pattern (SEM-ECP).
The results obtained are summarized as follows.
(1) α phase having a wavy shape cross-section was observed at low magnification. It became clear that the α phase has a “galvanized sheets” shape, with the use of observation technique of relief images of α phase by preferential etching of matrix.
(2) The preferential growth direction of the α phase is parallel to ‹5 5 6› matrix direction and the mean deviation angle between a plane of α phase and {0 1 1} band of SEM-ECP at {0 0 1} matrix plane was about 7 degrees. A habit plane obtained from the both relations is nearly {1 5 5}.
(3) When the α phase grows in the cross-sectional direction, the shape becomes round and it looked like a bar with smooth outline at low magnification. From the apparent feature of α phase, which differs from the real, the preferential growth direction and the habit plane of the bar nearly equal to ‹1 1 1› matrix direction and {1 1 2} matrix plane, respectively.

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Among the workability wide variety of a steel plate, joining by welding is particularly important. High-quality welding technology is required and it is important the accuracy of the previous step "Groove" in order to achieve it. In this study, working processes of an expert and a non-expert during an edge preparation of a steel plate were analyzed. By observing the work operations, it was found out that the number of the working steps were subdivided into 10 categories, and time spent in each steps were different. The working time for the edge preparation of the non-expert was longer than that of the expert, and there were many notches in the groove surface by the non-expert due to heat during processing. It is a next phase to analyze works of the expert in more details, and that can be useful for succession planning and technology of inheritance.

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筆者は，安全に立木を伐り倒せ，かつ作業者が持ち運べる，可搬式のマニピュレータを開発している。またこのマニピュレータは，公称で18万台普及しているチェーンソーをそのまま着脱して使用する。この伐倒ポータブルマニピュレータTATSUMIのⅣまでで，人手による立木の伐倒作業を機械により代替した。マニピュレータにチェーンソーを操縦させることで，切削精度の安定性とその安全性を評価した。同時に長大異形で，重量のある立木を伐り倒すのに，ハーベスタ，フェラーバンチャのように数tクラスの機械にしなくても，作業者の安全を確保した状態で，立木を伐り倒せる可能性を明らかにした。これまでは立木を伐り倒す作業自体を対象に開発してきた。そこで，さらに伐倒作業前後の設置・固定の作業，そして運搬性能の向上を目的にTATSUMI Ⅴを開発した。本報では，このTATSUMI Ⅴの詳細と，このTATSUMI Ⅴで伐倒作業を実証した結果について報告する。

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2本ピンコイリングマシンにより楕円断面線及びFuchs卵形断面線のコイリングを行い, 2番ピンにかかる荷重及び成形曲線を測定し, これらと断面積が等しい丸線の場合と比較して線の異形化の影響を調べた。
その結果, 以下の事項が確認された。
(1) 成形曲線は, 円形断面の場合とほぼ一致する。
(2) 2番ピンにかかる荷重は, ばね指数に対し円形断面の場合と同様の変化傾向を示すが, そのレベルは円形断面より大きくなる場合と小さくなる場合とがある。
またその原因が線の全塑性モーメント, 初張力, 線断面の倒れ, 潤滑等の見地より考察された。

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Surgical treatment of unilateral cleft lip is a difficult procedure, partly because many anatomical variants exist. The cleft lip has no excess tissue; hence, tissue from the cleft side cannot reach the normal side, even if all white lip tissue from the cleft side is preserved. Therefore, a basic concept is necessary to perform surgery according to a patient's anatomical diversity. Herein, we describe the essential concepts of unilateral cleft lip surgery. Specifically, the surgeon can insert the Millard's rotation advancement flap, Onizuka's small triangular flap, and Noordhoff's vermilion triangular flap into the median lip. An incision of the white lip should be made at the margin of the cleft to maximize tissue preservation. The amount of rotation and advancement is determined by the degree to which the contracture (hypoplasia of the lip tissue) can be released, and the median lip can be brought down to a normal level.

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波長の異なる2つのレーザを用いて光ヘテロダイン干渉計を組むことにより、高分解能でかつ測定範囲の広い段差測定装置を組むことができる。本報では、測定の原理、光学系の構成について述べている。また、実際の測定装置を組み上げ、段差測定の線形性、再現性について実験を行い、測定範囲13μm、測定再現性3nmを得たことを述べている。

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Effects of edge intensity distribution in top-hat mode on removal characteristics of zinc oxide film was experimentally investigated by a nano-second pulsed fiber laser. The usage of mask could change the edge intensity distribution of laser beam. The combination of singlet lens and slit mask could perform the gradual edge and the sharp edge intensity distributions in parallel and perpendicular directions to a scanning line, respectively. This edge intensity combination could achieve high-quality removal with narrow damaged regions around the scribed grooves and reliable removal with stable electrical insulation states at more than a proper overlap rate.

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V型グルーブを有するスクイズコーターでの塗液付着量の予測精度を向上させるために, 通板速度の影響と転写液量について検討した.
通板速度の影響は, グルーブ内を流れる塗液の粘性力に起因し, この粘性力として等価なギャップの正回転剛体ロール間に発生する値を用いた. また転写液量も, 既往の等価な等速正回転剛体ロール間の流動解析結果から推定した. 本モデルの妥当性は, 通板速度およびグルーブ形状の異なる実験結果より確認できた.

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内容を要約すると次のとうりである.
1. 圧縮コイルばねの成形中の形状曲線を直線と円弧とからなると仮定すると, 解析結果と実験結果とがよく一致する.
2. 1本ピンコイリングにおいては, D/dから大きくなるとワイヤガイドラインとワイヤガイド出口からコイリングピンまでのラインとのなす角はばね指数に無関係に一定となるので, コイリングピンの移動は, ワイヤガイドラインに対して一定の方向に行なうことが望ましい.
3. コイリングピンを心金軸方向に沿って, 平行に動かすと, 必要なピッチづけが行なえる. しかも, ピッチづけを上述の方法で行なっても, 実験範囲内 (D/d=7-17) では, ばね指数D/dは変化しない.

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Most of extrusion defects are caused by inhomogeneous flow of materials during extrusion, and there are many singular phenomena resulted from inhomogeneous flow in the outer parts of the products. But few quantitative studies of the metal flow in extrusion, especially near the outer surface of the products with high reductions, have been made. The present work was carried out to study quantitatively the flow of aluminum extruded with high reductions. The redundant strain from center to surface of the products was evaluated and compared with the slip line field theory. The results are summarized as follows:
1) By a unique method of extruding aluminum billets with high purity Au wires as flow line markers, redundant strain values in the outer parts of the extruded bars could be obtained quantitatively.
2) It can be said, within the experimental errors, that the intervals between longitudinal markers of the billet are similarly reduced in the extruded rod. Consequently, the displacement in the direction of the diameter agrees with that in plane strain analysis by the slip line field theory.
3) The flow lines of the products could be represented by a function, Y = a exp (bX), where X is the distance from the center line of the bar, Y is the hight of the marker from X-axis, and a and b are constants. On the other hand, the flow lines from the slip line field theory under equivalent conditions were represented as Y = mXⁿ, where m and n are constants, irrespective of extrusion ratios and friction conditions.
4) The redundant strain in the outer part of the product is almost ten times as much as that from the theory. This may give a clue to make clear the anomalous structure near the surface of the extruded metals.

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Various types of cold cracks, such as a toe, an underbead, a heel, and a root crack, are found in the fillet welds of 50 kg/mm² grade high tensile strength steel.
Many studies have been performed on each particular type of crack, giving useful information on the nature and mechanism of the cracking.
This investigation was planned, firstly, to analyze the stress distribution by simple linear model, secondly, to develop a new cracking test which could produce each type of crack under the restraint quantitatively evaluated and finally, to use the test to obtain basic information on each crack, especially the correlation between the crack type and intensity, of restraint.
Main results obtained are as follows.
(1) The linear model used in this analysis provides a good approximation for the relative steress distributions in the fillet weldment.
(2) In the small intensity of restraint, stress in HAZ of flange and its toe is larger than other parts of welds, and in large intensity of restraint, large stress concentrates at the root of the weld metal and the toe of web.
(3) In the one pass fillet welding, toe crack in HAZ of web occurs not by angular displacement but by restraining vertical displacement of the plates.
(4) The CRP (Controlled Restraint Fillet) test developed in this investigation can readily produce all types of the cold cracks in fillet welds.
(5) The surface cracks appear at the web toe in the large intensity of restraint, and at the flange toe in the small intensity of restraint.
(6) As regards the sectional cracks, the toe crack at the web occurs under the largest intensity of restraint and the heel crack under the smallest one. The root or underbead crack occurs the intermediate wide region between the above-mentioned two extremeities.
(7) With the increase in the intensity of restraint, the cracking ratio of weld metal root cracks increases and that of the heel cracks decreases.
(8) The cracking strongly depends on the intensity of restraint and also on the dimensions of the test piece even under the same intensity of restraint.
(9) The toe and the underbead cracks are both the hydrogen induced cracks, but differ in the macroscopic appearance due to the different stress field induced by the condition of restraint.
(10) Results of the analysis by the linear model are in good accordance with those of the CRF cracking test.

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As customer values become increasingly diverse, automobile exterior design is becoming one of the most critical elements influencing customer purchase behavior for automakers. The author develops a scientific approach to identifying customers’ tastes, called “Automobile Exterior Design Model” (AEDM). To address this issue, the author uses “Customer Science Principle aiming to achieve Intelligence Design Concept Method” (CS-IDCM) developed elsewhere. AEDM improves the design business process so that implicit knowledge on customer is turned into explicit knowledge. In order to strengthen automobile exterior design, AEDM contributes to the following; (A) Improvement of Design Business Process Methods for Automobile Profile Design, (B) Creation of Automobile Profile Design using “Psychographics” Approach Methods, and (C) Actual studies on Automobile Profile Design, Form and Color Matching Methods. The validity of the proposed model was verified through case studies of the actual application of AEDM.

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