Perlomyia

sp. nov. (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) from Kyoto Prefecture, Honshu, Japan, is described and illustrated. This new species is distinguished from all other Perlomyia species by having a remarkably long and slender epiproct with a crochet hook shape at tip. Although, this new species is most similar to P. kappa Sivec and Stark, 2012, but can be discriminated from P. kappa by the three morphological differences: (1) cercus with small spine-like apex (long terminal spine in P. kappa), (2) epiproct slightly swollen at middle in lateral aspect (swollen basally in P. kappa), and (3) epiproct like a crochet hook shape apically in lateral aspect (expanded apically in lateral aspect in P. kappa). A checklist and type localities map for 25 currently recognised Perlomyia species are also presented.

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An increase of bronchial blood flow in pulmonary tuberculosis was estimated from the earpiece dye-dilution curve following dye injection into the femoral vein. Increased bronchial blood flow was found in 18 of 67 patients. Sex, age and duration of the disease were not found correlated with the frequency of increased bronchial blood flow. The cases of small lesions did not show any increased bronchial blood flow, while the cases with large area of tuberculous lesions had increased flow frequently. Tuberculous cavities were apparently associated with increased flow of the bronchial artery, but there was no correlation between increased flow of the bronchial artery and positive tubercle bacilli in the sputum. High frequency of increased flow was observed in far advanced cases, while cases of fibrotic or disseminated foci did not show any increased flow. The flow of the bronchial artery was not found increased in cases of marked or moderate improvement, but it was frequently increased in cases of persistence or aggravation of the disease. It is suggested that the development of the bronchial circulation is not associated with healing process of pulmonary tuberculosis, but related to progress of the disease.

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The antibacterial activities of 64 naphthyridine derivatives were tested. Ultimately, potassium 1, 4-dihydro-1-methyl-7-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl) vinyl]-4-oxo-1, 8 -naphthyridine-3-carboxylate (677K) was selected as the most active compound. Compound 677K exhibited excellent antibacterial activities against either gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria in vitro. Furthermore, 677K exhibited high activities against experimental infection of streptococci, diplococci, or staphylococci in mice when administered orally. The activity on diplococcal infection in mice was higher than that of aminobenzylpenicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, sulfisomezole, and dihydroxymethylfuratrizine. The effect of 677K against experimental typhosis was small. Cross resistance was seen between 677K and DF, but not between 677K and NA.

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A new galloylglucoside, 3-hydroxy-5-methylphenol 1-O-β-D-(6'-galloyl)glucopyranoside (1) was isolated from Cleyera ochnacea DC. (Theaceae). Its structure was elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral analysis. Compound 1 showed inhibitory activity against rat cerebellar nitric oxide synthase (NOS).

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Immunological studies were carried out on patients with intractable pulmonary tuberculosis to evaluate the background factors of intractability.
Twenty-one cases who failed to convert to bacilli negative by previous treatment and who had the F (far advanced cavitary) type of classification on chest X-ray film were designated as intractable pulmonary tuberculous patients. The controls were twenty-seven cases of tractable pulmonary tuberculosis with negative bacilli and BC (cases infiltrative) type of classification, and a group of healthy subjects. In comparison with the controls, the intractable pulmonary tuberculosis patients showed the following characteristics: (1) A depression of the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction to dinitrochlorobenzen (DNCB), (2) A decrease in the number of monocytes and lymphocytes in peripheral blood, (3) A depression in the interaction between monocytes and lymphocytes, (4) A decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes and early T-lymphocytes, and (5) An increase in the number of IgG-FcR ⁽⁺⁾ T-lymphocytes. On the other hand, the number of B-lymphocytes and IgM-FcR ⁽⁺⁾ T-lymphocytes, immunoglobulin levels in peripheral blood, and DTH to PPD were similar to those of the controls. Monocyte functions were almost the same as in the controls with respect to phagocytosis, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test, and lysosomal enzyme levels.
These results suggest that non-specific immunity of intractable pulmonary tuberculosis patients is depressed in cell-mediated immunity, but not in humoral immunity.

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A follow-up study was made in the patients who had been treated by chemotherapy alone and discharged from our sanatorium for the period between Jan. 1951 and Dec. 1960. The results of 648 cases studied especially in detail are as follows:
1) Reactivation was found in 56 cases (8.6%).
2) The rate of reactivation is 11.2% in the total cases at the end of the 7th years after discharge. Reactivation occured mostly within 4 years after discharge and within 3 years after chemotherapy had been discontinued.
3) The incidence of reactivation was analysed in regard to the duration of chemotherapy administered after sputum conversion.
Reactivation occured more frequently in the cases with minimal lesions (NTA) classified as AB Type () within 12 months, in the cases with minimal lesion classified as C Type and those with moderately advanced lesions classified as AB Type within 18 months, and in the cases with moderately advanced lesions classified as C Type within 36 months when chemotherapy had been discontinued after sputum conversion.
4) The rate of reactivation was higher in the cases with C Type lesions of the classification when they had been hospitalized.
5) The rate of reactivation was also higher in the cases with lesions of a large extent or persisting cavities at the time of discharge.
6) The same fact was observed in the cases with persisting positive sputum in spite of chemotherapy of considerable duration.

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This project of "Promotion of Science Mediator System" aims at performing the policy proposal for contracting deviation of the specialist accompanying rapid deployment and the non-specialist of technology. The project is commissioned from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Kansai Research Establishment investigated how there should be science mediation for the junior-and-senior high-schools students. This paper reports the result related with the institution public presentation, lecture meetings; lecture meeting and science seminars; S-cube in 2003 which performed investigation for establishment of science mediation system.

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Temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity of the Al₄SiC₄ sintered bodies in the range of 100-1000°C was studied in this paper. Current-voltage characteristics of the bodies showed a linear relationship, and the characteristics have an ohmic region. Electrical resistivity, obtained from the current-voltage characteristics, exhibited insulation properties, and decreased with the porosity of the bodies. Further, the electrical resistivity varied significantly with temperature. However, any difference in activation energy for electrical resistivity among samples was rarely found despite the different porosity of them. Consequently, the porosity of the bodies did not affect the temperature dependence of electrical resistivity.

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フォニックスの有効性は長きにわたって議論されており、フォニックスの推進派は予測力の高さをこの教授法を推奨する根拠の1つとしてきたが、ルールに当てはまらないものが多い。本稿の目的は、実際に英文を読んだ際にどれほどフォニッ クスが有効かを検討することにある。ここでは、フォニックスのルール単位ではなく、語単位でその使用頻度を考慮することにより、実際のリーディングにより近い形で検証する。結果として、フォニックスの有効性はこれまで主張されてきたものよりもはるかに低いことを指摘する。

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The serum complement level and serum protein level and its fraction were compared with in pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculin positive healthy adults. The following results were obteined. 1) The median value of C′H_<50> in 97 cases pulmonary tuberculous patients were 43.0 U. The Confiecince limits were 33.0〜52.0 U. The serum complement level is lower in pulmonary tuberculosis than in tuberlin positive healthy adults. Serum protein pattern indicated less albumin and more β and γ-globulin than those of healthy adults. 2) There was not correlation between the grade of the ×100 OT cutaneus reaction and serum C′H_<50> in pulmonary tuberculosis. More type A and B of""classification in pulmonary tuberculosis were found among those which have high threshold value of tuberculin reaction, but relation of the threshold value of tuberculin reaction and C′H_<50> is not clear yet. 3) More type A and B of""classification in pulmonary tuberculosis were found very low value of C′H_<50> and more type F were found high value of C′H_<50> . More cases of long time from onset were found supress of tuberculin R. and high value of C′H_<50>, but more cases of short time from onset were found large tuberculin reaction and low value of C′H_<50>. The relation of other clinical symptoms and C′H_<50> was studied, too. 4) There was no correlation between C′H_<50> and the serum protein pattern in pulmonary tuberculosis.

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【はじめに、目的】

脳室周囲白質軟化症 (periventricular leukomalacia以下，PVL)患者は，運動麻痺以外に視知覚障害を合併することが報告されている．近年，視知覚障害の一部である視覚的注意障害の合併も疑われているが，その実態は明らかではない．本研究はPVL患者の視覚的注意能力と計数の課題の関係を検討することで，視知覚障害の一端を明らかにすることを目的とした．

【方法】

対象はPVLと診断されたPVL群14例 (年齢14.3 ± 5.5歳，BMI 17.7 ± 4.0kg/ⅿ²，粗大運動能力尺度GMFM-66 98.7 ± 50.3点) と対照群のアテトーゼ(dyskinetic cerebral palsy 以下, DCP)群7例 (14.9 ± 2.9歳，17.8 ± 3.6 kg/ⅿ²，59.6 ± 56.2 点)で あり，両群間に有意差は認められなかった．被検者選択基準は，両眼開放下の視力がTeller acuity cardsⅡ(Stereo Optical)で0.1以上，提示した課題を理解し口頭や指差しで解答できる者とし た．計測はTobii Pro TX300 Eye Tracker (Tobii Technology) を用い，課題を画面に表示して行った．課題は同時に5つの図形が表示される視覚的注意課題である①特徴ベース注意課題 (

WAVES)，②オブジェクトベース注意課題( WAVES) を採用し，正答数を算出した．さらに③合同で同色な正方形を2から9まで順に増やし，それを目視で数える課題(以下，計数の課題)を実施した． 統計学的方法として，両群において対応のないt検定を実施し， PVL群においては③計数の課題と①特徴ベース注意課題，②オブジェクトベース注意課題の関係をピアソンの積率相関係数を用いた．さらに③PVL群を計数の課題で5つまでの図形しか数 えられなかったU5-PVL群と6以上数えられたO6-PVL群に分け，両サブグループにおいて①特徴ベース注意課題，②オブジェク トベース注意課題の正当数をそれぞれ比較した．有意水準は5 ％とし，解析にはR version 4.3.0を使用した．

【結果】

両群の比較において，①特徴ベース注意課題 (PVL群2.4 ± 0.9点，DCP群3.0 ± 0.0点，p=0.022)，②オブジェクトベース注意課題 (PVL群2.4 ± 0.6点，DCP群3.0 ± 0.0点，p=0.0057)， ③計数の課題 (PVL群6.6 ± 2.6点，DCP群9.0 ± 0.0点， p=0.0058)に有意差が認められた．またPVL群において，③計数の課題と①特徴ベース注意課題 (r= 0.86, p=0.000082)，②オブジェクトベース注意課題 (r= 0.81, p=0.00049)に相関関係が認められた．さらにPVL群をサブグループに分けて比較した結果，①特徴ベース注意課題 ( U5-PVL群1.4 ± 0.9点, O6-PVL群2.9 ± 0.3点, p=0.018)，②オブジェクトベース注意課題 ( U5-PVL群1.8 ± 0.5点, O6-PVL群2.8 ± 0.4点, p=0.0040)に 有 意差が認められた．

【考察】

本研究結果より，PVL患者はDCP患者と比べて視覚的注意能力が低下し，画面上に表示された合同で同色の図形を区別することが困難であること，より多くの図形を数えられる者は視覚的注意課題の正当数が多いことが明らかとなった．さらに今回の視覚的注意課題は画面上に5つの図形が同時に表示される課題であり，計数の課題で5つまでの図形しか数えられなかったサブグループの方が有意に視覚的注意課題の正当数が少なかったことから，視知覚課題を行う場合は本人が数えられる図形の数よりも少ない図形で評価するのが望ましいのではないかと考えられた．

【倫理的配慮】

本研究は当院倫理委員会にて承認を受けた(承認番号：1805)．またヘルシンキ宣言に則り，代諾者及び被検者に研究の目的と内容，被検者の利益と不利益を説明し，自由意思により書面にて研究参加に同意を得た上で計測を行った．

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In order to investigate whether the picture card sets adequately contain the words that pupils want to use, the contents of six picture card sets were compared with the results of the questionnaire asking pupils’ favorite things. The analysis revealed that no more than 27.71% of the words that pupils want to use are contained in picture card sets on average, and vocabulary of pupils’ favorite drinks especially tended not to be picturized. Also, three kinds of vocabularies –school-related things, the things unique to Japanese culture, and subordinate ideas – were found less likely to be contained in picture card sets. Considering the results, it is found that picture card sets do not adequately contain what pupils want to use, and thus it is assumed that they are not substantially used in primary English classes. It is suggested that to teach pupil-centered lessons, teachers should not use picture cards without consideration; rather, they should decide what word to use based on their pupils’ interests.

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In the shoot of Ambrosia artemisiaefolia var. elatior, four to nine pairs of decussate leaves are produced above the cotyledons before the spiral phyllotaxis appears. In the transitional region of the phyllotaxis, several pairs of leaves still retain the character of decussation, because two leaves of each pair arise on not much different levels on the stem and the divergence angles between leaves in this transitional region do not deviate much from those in the descussate phyllotaxis. In the shoot apices of growing plants with the spiral phyllotaxis, the number of contact parastichies is at first (2+3), and then it changes to (3+5). The progressive increase in the relative size of the apical dome to the leaf primordium might be one of the causal factors for the phyllotactic change from the decussate to the spiral system and that from the lower parastichy system to the higher one. The apical meristem of the shoot consists of a two-layered tunica and a corpus. The leaf primordium is originated by periclinal cell divisions in the second tunica layer on the flank of the apical dome. No fundamental difference was found in the structure of the shoot apices with the decussate and the spiral phyllotaxis.

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伊豆七島の一つである御蔵島に生息するクロヒカゲのミトコンドリアDNA（mt-DNA）分析と成虫体表炭化水素の化学分析を行い，他の日本本土に生息するクロヒカゲのものと比較した。その結果，御蔵島のクロヒカゲはmt-DNAと化学分析結果から見る限り日本本土に生息する個体との隔離はさほど進んでいないことが分かった。御蔵島のクロヒカゲは，形態的には他の産地の個体と非常に異なっていてもmt-DNAと化学成分的には他とあまり変わらない例と考えられる。

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Serum lysozyme activity was measured in 70 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis during the course of 5 months.
The results were as follows:
1. Serum lysozyme activity in pulmonary tuberculosis patients was significantly higher than in normal subjects.
2. Serum lysozyme activity was increased in the types E, A and B of classification as compared in the types C and D.
3. Serum lysozyme activity was increased in the F. A. and M. A. cases according to NTA classification as compared to Min.
4. Serum lysozyme activity became lower in the cases with chest radiographic improvement during the course of 5 months.

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