The reactions of Cu^II(en)₂ (en : ethylenediamine) with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) during the successive addition of a polyamine-N-polycarboxylate such as (iminodiacetic acid) and edta (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) were investigated by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method and by the electron spin resonance (ESR) titration method. A relatively good relation between TBA method and ESR titration method was observed.The ligand, en, in Cu^II(en)₂ was easily replaced by and edta. In the case of edta, which is a tetradentate ligand, Cu^II(edta) was formed when the concentration ratio of edta to Cu^II(en)₂ was 1. On the other hand, in the case of which is a bidentate ligand, the reactions between Cu^II(en)₂ and proceeded stepwise. That is, one is the formation of a mixed ligand complex of Cu(II), Cu^II(en)(), when the concentration ratio of to Cu^II(en)₂ was 1. The other is the formation of Cu^II()₂ when the concentration ratio of to Cu^II(en)₂ was 2.A mixed ligand complex, Cu^II(en)(), exhibited activity towards H₂O₂, whereas Cu^II()₂ and Cu^II(edta) did not show any activity towards H₂O₂. The different reactivities of these Cu(II) complexes toward H₂O₂ were discussed.

抄録全体を表示

Objective Iron-deficiency anemia () is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide. However, the information concerning various causes of in adult men is still insufficient. The aim of our study was to evaluate adult men with .
Methods We prospectively studied 206 adult men with . All subjects had a direct history taken and underwent a physical examination. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed in most patients, and colonoscopy was conducted if no lesion causing was found or the fecal occult blood test was positive.
Results The history of prior gastrectomy and blood-letting cupping therapy that probably had caused were reported in 24 (11.7%) and 11 (5.3%) patients, respectively. In terms of potential causes of , 68 (33.0%) patients were found to have upper gastrointestinal disorders (34 peptic ulcers, 17 erosive gastritis, 16 gastric cancers, and one gastrointestinal stromal tumor). Colonoscopy showed 42 (20.4%) clinically relevant lesions that probably caused : colon cancer (five patients), colon polyps (14 patients), ulcerative colitis (one patient), and hemorrhoids (22 patients). One small bowel tumor was detected at small bowel series. Concerning malignant lesions that were responsible for , 22 malignant lesions were found in patients of 50 years or older, accounting for 16.8% (22 of 131 patients), while only one (1.3%) early gastric cancer was found in the younger patients.
Conclusion This study demonstrated that gastrointestinal blood loss is the main cause of in adult men, and that there is a high rate of malignancy in men older than 50 years, emphasizing the need for a complete, rigorous gastrointestinal examination in this group of patients. Considering blood-letting cupping therapy, there is a need to consider culture-specific procedures as a possible cause of .

抄録全体を表示

A chelating polymer resin having iminodiacetic acid () as the functional group has been prepared for the selective adsorption of oxo-molybdenum(VI) or oxo-tungsten(VI). The¹³C- and¹H-NMR spectra of these complexes have been studied in the pH range of 4-7 to elucidate the complexation properties of the functional group. The NMR study in the homogeneous system suggests that the forms a 1:1 complex with Mo^VIand W^VIin the pH region 4-7. The peak integration of coordinated acetate signals indicates that the complex formation of is much favorable with Mo^VI than with W^VI. A selective adsorption of Mo^VIover W^VIhas been realized by the chelating resin having an group. A mutual separation of Mo^VIand W^VIhas been demonstrated by the resin in a column system.

抄録全体を表示

Mobile inverted pendulums are needed to be stabilized at all times using a safe control method. Previous approaches were based on a linearized model or feedback linearization. In this study, interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based control (-PBC) is applied. The -PBC is a nonlinear control method which has been shown to be powerful to stabilize underactuated mechanical systems. Although partial differential equations (PDEs) must be solved to derive the -PBC controller and it is a difficult task in general, we show that the controller for the mobile inverted pendulum can be constructed. A systematic graphical method to select controller parameters that guarantee asymptotic stability and a procedure to estimate the domain of attraction are also proposed. Using this method, the pendulum is stabilized by restricting it to a predefined angle range. Simulation results show that the -PBC controller performs fast responses theoretically ensuring sufficient domain of attraction. The effectiveness of the -PBC controller is also verified in experiments. Especially control performance under an impulsive disturbance on the mobile inverted pendulum is verified. The -PBC achieves as fast transient performance as a linear-quadratic regulator (LQR). In addition, we show that when the pendulum inclines quickly and largely due to the disturbance, the -PBC controller can stabilize it whereas the LQR cannot.

抄録全体を表示

Adsorption behaviors of the histidine-containing dipeptides, carnosine (Car) and anserine (Ans) were studied using copper (II) immobilized cation exchange resins. Commercial sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, iminodiacetic acid (), and aminophosphoric acid resins were used for immobilizing copper (II) . Adsorptions of Car and Ans were especially enhanced using copper (II) immobilized resin (Cu-) . Car and Ans were adsorbed on Cu- even in the presence of 100 mmol/dm³ of sodium chloride. Histidine and the histidine-containing dipeptides were selectively adsorbed on Cu- over other amino acids. Immobilized metal affinity adsorption is available for separation of the dipeptides from saline water.

抄録全体を表示

Interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based control (-PBC) is a nonlinear control method which stabilize a system shaping its total energy and utilizing passivity. In previous studies, -PBC is shown to be a powerful method to stabilize underactuated mechanical systems. However, the transient performances tend to be slow. In this study, to improve the slow responses and realize fast transient ones, the -PBC is applied for a cart-inverted pendulum and free parameters in a closed-loop inertia matrix which have not been used in the previous studies are utilized. This means modifying the kinetic energy more actively. On the other hand, the additional use of the free parameters makes the selection of them more complicated because several assumptions must be satisfied to derive an -PBC controller. To deal with this problem, we also propose a systematic method to select them graphically from a simple two dimensional region. Finally, we show that the transient performances of the -PBC can be as fast as the LQR with the active modification of the kinetic energy. The -PBC with suitable parameters also theoretically estimates as large domain of attraction as the upper half plane preserving the fast transient performances.

抄録全体を表示

筆者は鉄欠乏性貧血()単独の場合と同様に，に以外の貧血が合併していても血清フェリチンは12 ng/ml未満になることを知った。そこで以外の貧血と共存するの発見と治療を行った。一般病院で調査したところ，60歳以上の入院患者190名のうち95人に貧血が発見された。そのうち炎症性貧血は82名。炎症のあった7名を含むは9名，そして，その他の貧血は4名であった。
上記結果に鑑みて，60歳以上のの患者に炎症のある患者にも無い患者にも鉄を静注して治療した。治療により，単独の4人の患者では，ヘモグロビン(Hb)は9.0から13.8 g/dlへ上昇し，Hb上昇率は0.59であった。そして，に炎症の共存する18名の患者ではHbは7.7から11.5 g/dlに上昇し，Hb上昇率は0.63であった。治療後，多数例で一般状態が改善した。このように，高齢者に多い炎症と共存する患者の治療は単独患者の治療と同様に効果的であると考えられる。

抄録全体を表示

This manuscript demonstrated the characteristics of morphological change in Shichiri-mihama

coast, located in the southern part of Mie prefecture, by means of discriminant analysis based on shoreline change characteristics analyzed by network camera and wave data, and SfM/MVS analysis using UAV. Additionally, the correlation between the run-up height and the morphological change was discussed. As a result, discriminant analysis showed the usefulness of estimating advance, retrogression and stay events of shoreline behind artificial reefs at beach. In the results of SfM/MVS analysis, the effectiveness of artificial reefs installed in beach to reduce erosion behind artificial reefs, while it was confirmed that the function of artificial reefs to decline erosion was decreased by the long period waves with a significant wave period more than 13s. The total volume of coast has increased due to the recently implemented beach nourishment. However, because the large beach nourishment material makes the foreshore slope of the coast steep which is possible to accelerate beach erosion, the necessity of ongoing monitoring was suggested. Finally, the possibility to predict the maximum altitude of morphological change in coast foreshores from the calculation of the run-up height by considering the wave direction of the wave after passing through the artificial reef was confirmed.

抄録全体を表示

Incremental Dynamic Analysis () is a parametric analysis method based on nonlinear dynamic analysis. It involves performing nonlinear dynamic analysis of the structural model to a suite of ground motion records, each scaled to multiple levels of intensity (as measured by Intensity Measure, IM), and recording the responses (measured by Engineering Demand Parameter, EDP). An curve combines the intensity measure of a site-specific ground motion with structural responses from nonlinear dynamic analysis of the given structure. It is thus an unavoidable fact that the curves display large record-to-record variability. This observed dispersion relies closely on the IM used. In other words, different IMs can lead to various results from the method. The aim of this paper is to find a proper IM with an advantage in efficiency for analysis. An area-based IM, A(T₁), which considers the period elongation due to nonlinear deformation was proposed. A 6-story reinforced concrete frame was modeled to compare the efficiency of the proposed IM with existing IMs. It is concluded that IMs which consider the higher modes effect fail to perform well due to the domination of the first mode of the frame. Taking nonlinearity development into consideration, A(T₁) is more efficient than other existing IMs. Further research will focus on the area-based IM involving higher modes of the structures.

抄録全体を表示

Interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based control (-PBC) is a nonlinear control method which stabilize a system shaping its total energy and utilizing passivity. In previous studies, -PBC is shown to be a powerful method to stabilize underactuated mechanical systems. However, the transient performances tend to be slow. In this study, -PBC is applied for a cart-inverted pendulum and free parameters in a closed-loop inertia matrix which have not been used in the previous studies are considered. This means modifying the kinetic energy more actively. We show that the transient performances of the -PBC can be improved with the active modification of the kinetic energy and suitable parameter selection theoretically estimating large domain of attraction.

抄録全体を表示

 A hindcast wave model was built using the SWAN model to estimate wave fields in front of the beach. To verify its accuracy, estimated hindcast results were compared with NOWPHAS wave data. From numerical results, it was found that the hindcast results were in good agreement in terms of the significant wave height. Although the mean wave period and direction had lower statistical quality than the significant wave height, their tendency was estimated reasonably well. Using hindcasted wave data, the characteristics of wave fields at the beach and their relationship with Owase's buoy data were analyzed. The significant wave height at was smaller than that at Owase. However, the significant wave height with 2 to 4 m in the east direction was similar between and Owase. Finally, the relationship between wave fields and beach profile change under high wave conditions was analyzed using the hindcasted wave data and DEM data. From these results, it was shown that the hindcasted wave data at the beach can be used to assess the characteristics of beach profile change more appropriately than Owase's buoy data.

抄録全体を表示

Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia (

) is a common hematological disorder and cause of low hemoglobin. Preoperative anemia has been demonstrated to increase the risk of adverse outcomes after posterior cervical fusion and other spinal surgeries. The need for a transfusion during lumbar fusion has been shown to increase length of stay. This study aimed to assess the impact of on outcomes after spinal fusion for adult spinal deformity (ASD).

Methods: The New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) database was searched from 2009 to 2013 to identify all patients undergoing ≥2-level thoracolumbar spinal fusion (primary and revision) for ASD with a 2-year follow-up. The patients were then stratified by the presence or absence of

. Patients with and patients without were subjected to 1:1 propensity score matching based on age, sex, and obesity. Univariate analysis was employed to compare demographics, hospital parameters, and rates of adverse outcomes. Multivariate binary logistic regression with odds ratio (OR) was employed to identify independent risk factors for adverse postoperative outcomes.

Results: A total of 524 patients (262 with

and 262 without ) were identified. Patients with experienced higher rates of overall surgical complications (50.4% vs 23.7%, P<0.001), wound complications (3.4% vs 0.4%, P=0.011), and blood transfusion (10.3% vs 6.5%, P<0.001). No difference was observed in the rate of overall medical complications. Patients with and without had comparable rates of readmission (8.0% vs 13.0%, P=0.064), although patients with had lower rates of reoperation (7.6% vs 13.0%, P=0.044). There was no mortality in either cohort. was independently associated with wound complications (OR=10.6, P=0.028), blood transfusion (OR=3.9, P<0.001), and surgical complications (OR=3.5, P<0.001).

Conclusions: Baseline

was predictive of increased wound complications, postoperative blood transfusion, and overall surgical complications after thoracolumbar fusion surgery for ASD. Our findings could inform potential medical interventions to mitigate the risks of adverse outcomes in patients with .

Level of Evidence: III, retrospective cohort

抄録全体を表示

Apatites were prepared by varying the ligands of calcium complexes. Two lower crystallinity apatites were prepared from calcium-iminodiacetic acid (Ca-) or calcium- aspartic acid (Ca-Asp) complexes and one higher crystallinity apatite from Ca- complex. Cortical bone responses towards their PLGA composites including different apatites, namely, PLGA/-HA(lower), PLGA/-HA(higher) and PLGA/Asp-HA(lower), were evaluated after implantation into the cortical bone of rabbit tibiae.
Micro-CT observation showed no distinct differences among the three PLGA/apatite composites after 12 weeks of implantation. The original drill holes were partly closed and formation of primary woven bone was observed. Residue of decomposed PLGA was still observed inside the bone marrow.
The histological appearances of porous PLGA/apatite composite scaffolds after 12 weeks of implantation showed similar overall cortical bone response to different PLGA/apatite composites. The original drill hole was not completely filled with new bone. For PLGA/-HA(higher) composite, the original bone defect was partly filled with new bone. Residue of degraded PLGA and remaining apatite was recognized. Both PLGA/-HA(lower) and PLGA/Asp-HA(lower) showed residue of degraded PLGA inside the bone marrow. Remnant lower-crystallinity apatite was not clearly recognized.
In conclusion, apatites with different crystallinity were prepared through Ca- and Ca-Asp complexes. The bone responses towards PLGA/apatite composites with different crystallinity were similar, but the degradation behavior of PLGA/apatite composite was different. It is suggested that the degradation of PLGA in PLGA/apatite composite influences new bone formation in addition to the release and dissolution of calcium from apatite.

抄録全体を表示

Interdigitated microarray electrodes were developed based on boron-doped amorphous carbon (B-a-C-

) that shows extremely higher overpotential for H₂ and O₂ evolution. Highly sensitive microanalysis of redox analytes with standard potentials higher than O₂ and H₂ evolution was achieved by B-a-C-. The amplification of the oxidation current derived from redox cycling was observed at the generator electrode of B-a-C- in the measurement with applying the reduction potential to the collector electrode (dual mode measurement). For Ce^3+/4+ with a standard potential of 1.6 V, the amperometric current was amplified 180-fold by applying potentials of 1.7 and 0.8 V to collector and generator electrodes in chronoamperometry (CA) measurement at dual mode. Theoretical detection limit (S/N = 3) for Ce³⁺ was 0.13 µM. It was two orders of magnitude better than that at B-a-C plate electrode.

The factors controlling amplification at B-a-C-

with varying gap values were investigated using redox analytes with different types of reactions, diffusion coefficients, and electron transfer rate constants. In addition, the amplification mechanism at B-a-C- electrodes, the contributions of diffusion coefficients, and electron transfer rate constants to the amplification factor were clarified. The method to estimate the amplification factor with diffusion coefficients and electron transfer rate constants when using unmeasured redox analytes was established. The amplification factor when using radioactive analyte UO₂²⁺ at B-a-C- with gap size of 2.0 µm was estimated to be 43.2. B-a-C- is expected to enable highly sensitive electroanalysis (low detection limit 0.62 µM).

抄録全体を表示

A 53-year-old woman had demonstrated idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and iron deficiency anemia () since 1978. Although she was treated with prednisolone for ITP and oral iron compounds for , neither ITP nor showed any improvement. Since her ¹³C-urea breath test was positive, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy was performed in 2001. The therapy was effective for but not for ITP. Analysis of cases such as this will be useful for clarifying the mechanisms underlying the development of ITP and associated with H. pylori.

抄録全体を表示

We evaluated the clinical usefulness of glycated albumin (GA) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as indicators of glycemic control in type I diabetic (T1DM) children with and without iron deficiency anemia (

). Our prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 147 T1DM children who were classified into Group I (with ) and Group II (without anemia). The participants were classified as controlled and uncontrolled based on mean blood glucose (MBG) in the past 30 days. The 5–12-yr-olds with MBG above 200 and 12–15-yr-olds with levels above 180 md/dl were considered uncontrolled. HbA1c increased significantly in the participants with compared to those without anemia (p < 0.01). HbA1c in those with showed insignificant difference between the controlled and uncontrolled (p = 0.5), while GA was significantly higher in the uncontrolled than the controlled (p = 0.3). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that GA had 87.2% sensitivity and 75.8% specificity at a cut-off point of 16.9%. HbA1c at a cut-off point of 7.09% showed 80% sensitivity and 57.6% specificity. For prediction of uncontrolled diabetes in children with , we concluded that HbA1c increases significantly in diabetic children with . GA may be a useful alternative biomarker for evaluating the glycemic control in such children.

抄録全体を表示

Two novel Chlamydomonas mutants, and , that lack subsets of inner-arm dynein have been isolated and mapped to discrete loci on the right arm of linkage group XIV. Of the seven different innerarm dynein subspecies (a, b, c, d, e, /and g) identified by ion-exchange chromatography, lacks a, c, d and
e, while lacks e alone; these are the only mutants that have been shown to lack subspecies e. Both strains can swim, albeit more slowly than the wild type. Hence, subspecies e must contribute to flagellar movement although it is unnecessary for the generation of undulating movement.

抄録全体を表示

　要旨：鉄欠乏性貧血(iron deficiency anemia; )に関連したまれな成人の脳静脈洞血栓症(cerebral sinus thrombosis; CST)の3例を報告する．症例1は上矢状静脈洞血栓症の34歳女性で，急性期ヘパリン投与とワーファリン内服で独歩退院した．子宮筋腫によるを合併し，筋腫摘出のみでワーファリン中止後も4年間再発なく経過している．症例2は右横静脈洞～S状静脈洞血栓症の38歳女性で，月経過多によるを伴っていた．ヘパリン，ワーファリン療法で良好に経過し，左同名半盲のみで独歩退院した．症例3は左横静脈洞～S状静脈洞血栓症の51歳女性で，子宮筋腫によると女性ホルモン剤内服が原因と考えられた．ヘパリン，ワーファリン療法で良好に経過している．はCSTを合併する場合があり注意を要する．

抄録全体を表示

最近の研究ではHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) と鉄欠乏性貧血 () との関連が示唆されている.この研究は消化管出血の確認されない, H. pylori胃炎を伴った思春期のの15症例の報告である.IDAl5症例は男児9例, 女児6例で, 平均年齢14.1歳 (13～16歳).10症例は6カ月から4年間の病悩期間をもち, 鉄剤投与を受けており, 鉄剤治療を中止すると貧血が再発した.6症例に^99mTcによるメッケル憩室シンチグラムと全大腸内視鏡検査が, 全例に上部消化管内視鏡検査が行われた.内視鏡的生検によってH. pyloriが陽性であることを確認した後, 除菌療法が施行された.除菌が成功した14症例では貧血および鉄欠乏状態が改善され, その後もは再燃していない.除菌に失敗した1症例ではが再燃したが, 二次除菌療法の成功によって完治した.H. pylori感染は原因不明の思春期に関与しており, 除菌により貧血が完治する可能性が示唆された.

抄録全体を表示

Previous studies have identified an association between iron deficiency and thyroid function. We aimed to determine if there is a relationship between iron deficiency and thyroid function during the first trimester of pregnancy. Two thousand five hundred eighty-one pregnant women who presented for the first prenatal care were enrolled and divided into three groups, the mild iron deficiency (MID) group, iron deficiency anemia () group and normal control (NC) group, according to serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels. The former two groups can be merged into one iron deficiency (ID) group. Thyroid function parameters were compared among the three groups, including free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (TT4) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb). Moreover, the rates of thyroid dysfunction were also compared. Our results show that pregnant women in the MID and groups have higher TSH and lower FT4 status than those in the NC group (p<0.01), and the difference between the group and MID group is significant (p<0.05). TPOAb in the group is higher than in the MID group and NC group. Meanwhile, the rate of hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism in the group was significantly higher than in the MID group and NC group (p<0.01). And the positive rate of TPOAb is also higher in the group than MID group and NC group (p<0.05). Iron deficiency is related to thyroid function and could lead to hypothyroidism during early pregnancy, which could be explained by thyroid autoimmunity.

抄録全体を表示