目的：本研究は，1. 編集者による論文審査におけるStructured Abstractsの有用性の認知度，国内学会誌におけるStructured Abstractsの採用状況についてその実態を明らかにする．2. 学会誌編集者と医学研究者を対象にStructured Abstractsの認知度，国内学会誌への普及とその条件を明らかにする．方法：編集者と研究者を対象にして，2003年6月にアンケート調査を実施し，編集者67学会（有効回答率69.8%），研究者129名（有効回答率43.0%）から回答を得た．結果：1.編集者による論文審査におけるStructured Abstractsの有用性は61.2%だった．臨床系学会編集者は基礎系学会編集者よりStructured Abstractsについてよく周知し，採用率が高かった．2.Structured Abstractsの認知度は編集者88.1%，研究者78.3%であった．Structured Abstractsの国内医学雑誌への普及の可能性は編集者79.1%，研究者61.3%が支持していた．編集者と研究者の間に有意差が認められた項目は，「バンクーバースタイルの認知」と「Structured Abstracts の国内医学雑誌への普及」であり，共に編集者の方が高値であった．結論：Structured Abstractsの有用性は編集者，研究者ともに支持され，今後国内雑誌への普及が予測された．

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New acidic products were isolated from the culture fluid of Fusarium merismoides B11 after growth on 2-butyne-1, 4-diol. These products were identified as 2, 4, 6-triketosuberic acid, HOOC-CH₂COCH₂COCH₂CO-COOH, 2, 4, 6, 8-tetraketosebacic acid, HOOC-CH₂-COCH₂COCH₂COCH₂CO-COOH, and phthalic acid from their NMR, IR, UV, and MASS spectra, and elementary analyses. These polyketides, which are new metabolites, seem to be related to the biosynthesis of phthalic acid.

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メチルフェノールとして, o-, p-クレゾールおよび 2,4-キシレノールを用い, 常圧下, 窒素気流中で酸化亜鉛-酸化鉄触媒上で水蒸気との反応をおこなった。
その結果, 水蒸気添加量を増すにつれて, メチルフェノールの反応率および脱メチル反応の選択率は著るしく上昇した。o-クレゾールの場合, 反応温度 480℃ で反応率 63.5mol%, 脱メチル反応の選択率 79.2% を得た。2,4-キシレノールの場合はそれぞれ 42.1mol%, 76.9% を得, 反応生成物中の p-クレゾール収率は o-クレゾール収率の 50 倍にもなる良好な選択性を示した。加えて, 反応生成物からメチルフェノールと水蒸気との反応式を推定し, 物質収支計算をおこなったところほぼ良好な結果が得られた。これより水蒸気により脱メチル反応の起こることを確かめた。さらに, 触媒組成と反応の選択性との関係をみると, 酸化亜鉛過剰の触媒では不均化反応が先行するが, 酸化鉄含有量が増すにつれて脱メチル反応が先行することが判った。

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織球症は，マクロファージ・樹状細胞系異型細胞の増殖と周囲の炎症性細胞浸潤が局所あるいは全身に生じて，発熱・疼痛などの症状を呈する症候群である。診断は病変組織の免疫組織学的特徴によって確定する。LCHはCD1aとCD207が強陽性である一方，CD14やCD68の発現は寧ろ弱い。ECD，JXG，RDDは免疫組織学的にはLCHと相反する表現型を示す。組織球症は造血前駆細胞レベルで遺伝子変異が生じ，環境因子の影響を受けて腫瘍化すると想定され，ゲノム解析によって，BRAF-V600Eを中心とするMAPK経路や，稀ではあるがPI3K経路の遺伝子変異が見つかったことから，これらシグナル経路の異常が病態形成に関与すると考えられる。治療にはステロイドやビンカアルカロイド，cytarabine，cladribineなどが用いられている。治療抵抗例におけるBRAFやMEK阻害薬の有効性が報告され，今後の展開が期待される。

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In a typical maintenance plan of closed poultry lines, breeding individuals are divided into several groups each with one male and several females. The groups are put into different breeding cages and mating within cages is carried out to produce their replacements. To reduce the inbreeding rate or increase the effective population size in this plan, following four selection and mating systems were considered. In the first system (RS-RM), parents of the next generation are randomly selected from the progeny pooled over cages, and breeding groups are re-established by randomly dividing the selected progeny. In the second system (WS-RM), selection is carried out within progeny from each cage, and breeding groups of next generation are re-established in the same way as RS-RM. In the third system (WS-RGM), after the within-cage selection as in WS-RM, the females selected from same cage and a randomly selected male over cages are formed a breeding group of the next generation. The final system (WS-NGM) is similar to WS-RGM, but in the assignment of selected males, sib-mating is completely avoided. These systems were compared in terms of the inbreeding coefficient and the effective population size. Compared to RS-RM, the three systems with within-cage selection (WS-RM, WS-RGM and WS-NGM) effectively reduced the inbreeding coefficient in the initial generations. Among the three systems, WS-NGM gave the lowest initial inbreeding coefficient. Although the largest effective population size was attained under WS-RGM, many generations were required for WS-RGM to give a lower inbreeding coefficient than WS-NGM. It was concluded that WS-NGM is a practically recommended system.

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Objective Lifestyle modification as well as combination antihypertensive therapy is necessary to achieve strict blood pressure (BP) control as advocated by the guidelines for the treatment of hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of adherence to lifestyle modifications and BP control status in hypertensive outpatients.
Methods and Patients Subjects are 661 hypertensive outpatients who had been followed at National Kyushu Medical Center. We assessed BP control status based on the average clinic BP on two occasions. In addition, we investigated the adherence to the individual items of lifestyle modification by a questionnaire.
Results Average BP was 129 ± 10/71 ± 11 mmHg and overall rate of achieving goal BP was 60.1%. Achieving rate of each target BP category was 83.3% in the elderly patients (<140/90 mmHg), 56.7% in the young/middle patients (<130/85 mmHg) and 45.5% in the patients with diabetes mellitus/chronic kidney disease/myocardial infarction (<130/80 mmHg). Adherance to each item of lifestyle modification was as follows: Patients who answered to be conscious about salt restriction was 80.9%, those with increased intake of fruits/vegetables was 79.0%, reduced intake of cholesterol/saturated fatty acids was 67.9%, presence of obesity was 37.7%, daily exercise for ≥30 min was 31.9%, habitual alcohol intake was 38.0%, habitual smoking was 9.8%. Only 22.5% of the patients had no lifestyle items to be modified. On the other hand, 19.6% of patients had more than 3 items to be modified. Subjects with more than 3 lifestyle items to be modified are more frequently found in young, male, and obese groups.
Conclusion We conclude that about 60% of the patients achieved goal BP by the intensive combination therapy. The lifestyle modification seems to be important especially for the young, male and obese patients.

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背景：構造化抄録の重要性は，EBM（エビデンスに基づいた医療）の普及とともに認識されつつある。しかし，英語文献では普及が進んでいるものの，非英語文献では十分浸透していない。方法：PubMedを使用し，1987年から2001年までの，EBM実践のうえで有用となる臨床試験文献群を対象に，非英語文献の構造化抄録採用状況を調査した。結果：各国語別の構造化抄録付与率について，全調査対象期間での平均値と，かっこ内に1999年から2001年の値を示す。ドイツ語は17.3%（48.2%），フランス語は16.1%（45.1%），イタリア語は21.3%（76.3%），スペイン語は44.7%（74.9%），ロシア語は4.9%（17.4%），中国語は21.3%（100%），そして日本語はわずか3.5%（10.4%）であった。さらに，構造化抄録付与率を基に各国語別の雑誌ランクも作成した。考察：構造化抄録は，非英語圏の雑誌において普及が進んでいるが，日本語文献では改善が示されていない。日本におけるEBM実践のために，研究者，臨床家，編集者，情報専門家は構造化抄録の重要性を認識すべきである。

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The formations of Li-doped NiO and LiNiO₂ in molten carbonates have been studied in O₂ atmospheres from 873 K to 1173 K. NiO was reacted in Li containing molten carbonates; Li₂CO₃, (Li_0.62K_0.38)₂CO₃ and (Li_0.52Na_0.48)₂CO₃ melt for 20 h. The rate of lithiation reaction of NiO was measured by TGA and the products were analyzed by XRD. LiNiO₂ was formed in O₂ atmosphere at higher temperatures. The formation rate of LiNiO₂ was the fastest in Li₂CO₃ and the temperature of LiNiO₂ formation in Li/K carbonate and Li/Na carbonate was higher than that in Li₂CO₃. The Li content in molten carbonate and the oxygen in the atmosphere would have important roles for the lithiation of NiO and the formation of LiNiO₂ as well as the reaction temperature.

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概要 振動分光法は, X 線・中性子回折とともに, 物質の構造と状態を調べるためによく用いられる実験手段となっている. 本稿では, 密度汎関数理論に基づく第一原理経路積分セントロイド分子動力学を用いた第一原理的手法によって, ナノ多孔性物質C12A7:H^-(D^-) と高圧氷における赤外吸収スペクトルとラマン散乱スペクトルの予測? 解析を試みた結果について紹介する. 主に, 前者ではサブnm サイズのケージに内包された水素の分布と振動状態における同位体効果について, 後者ではプロトントンネリングが関与するプロトンの秩序・無秩序相転移過程におけるOH 伸縮振動数の圧力依存性にみられる核量子効果について, 定量的に検討した結果を示す.

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 The impact of parameterization scheme usage to precipitation was investigated in WRF model for simulating 24-km seasonal precipitation over Japan. Budget profile analysis was used to diagnose unresolved heating/drying processes controlled primarily by cumulus (CU) parameterizations, and how coupling of CU scheme with boundary layer (BL), microphysics (MP) and radiation (RAD) schemes modulate the unresolved processes that consequently impacts simulated precipitation. Results showed hothumid JJA precipitation is sensitive to CU scheme as shown by the large variation in PCC and SDR scores of different schemes validated against APHRODITE data. And, distinct structure of heating/drying profiles were seen from each CU scheme. The CU scheme coupling with BL scheme showed larger modulation on heating/drying profiles and larger PCC-SDR variation as compared to coupling with MP-RAD schemes. This provides a systematic evaluation of scheme usage and its combinations in simulating precipitation.

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The mechanism of solid-state reaction between B₄C and Ti powders has been examined in the temperature range between 1000°C and 1300°C. In the early stage of the reaction, TiB and nonstoichiometric TiC_0.58 in equilibrium with C-saturated Ti were formed from B₄C and Ti; then TiB₂ and TiC_x containing higher amounts of C were formed from TiB, TiC_0.58 and remaining B₄C until the reaction ceased at an x-value of 0.69. This reaction path was not changed basically in the temperature range examined although the reaction rate was increased with temperature. Every product grain consisted of a TiC_x core and a TiB₂ layer around the core. This suggests that B hardly migrates in products and the reaction proceeds mainly by inward C diffusion and outward Ti diffusion through the products.

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An 18-year-old hemophiliac with factor VIII-inhibitor was admitted to our hospital with 4 episodes of intracranial bleeding for the past 2 years. The initial episode of bleeding dated at Sep. 1, 1980 was successfully treated with a preparation of activated prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC), FEIBA, as described in Thromb. Res. 22, 177, 1981. We also discussed some problems including clinical efficacy, monitoring for hemostasis and thromboembolic complications. The conclusion led us to an emphasis that nonactivated-partial thromboplastin time (NA-PTT) and r-value on thrombelastogram (TEG) were important for monitoring.
Since then, the last 3 episodes of bleeding developed successively in a short period of 6 months, were all treated as follows: On the 1st and 2nd bleeding, a nonactivated PCC (Konyne) was used initially, but the clinical and laboratory improvement was hardly shown. So, an activated PCC (Autoplex) was introduced instead, and it gave dramatic effects on both bleeding. The stortening of NA-PTT and r-value on TEG were recorded for about 8 hours after injection, and the maximum effect was shown after 2 hours. For the 3rd episode, medical treatment started with another nonactivated PCC (Proplex), and the clinical and laboratory improvement was noted, but lesser improvement was observed with Proplex. Any thromboembolic complications were not observed through the above 3 episodes.

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In atmospheric distillation processes, the stabilization of processes is required in order to optimize the crude-oil composition that corresponds to product market conditions. However, the process control systems sometimes fall into unstable states in the case where unexpected disturbances are introduced, and these unusual phenomena have had an undesirable affect on certain products. Furthermore, a useful chemical engineering model has not yet been established for these phenomena. This remains a serious problem in the atmospheric distillation process. This paper describes a new modeling scheme to predict unusual phenomena in the atmospheric distillation process using the GMDH (Group Method of Data Handling) network which is one type of network model. According to the GMDH network, the model structure can be determined systematically. However, the least squares method has been commonly utilized in determining weight coefficients (model parameters). Estimation accuracy is not entirely expected, because the sum of squared errors between the measured values and estimates is evaluated. Therefore, instead of evaluating the sum of squared errors, the sum of absolute value of errors is introduced and the Levenberg-Marquardt method is employed in order to determine model parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by the foaming prediction in the crude oil switching operation in the atmospheric distillation process.

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近年，診察室血圧が正常で，診察室以外の血圧が高値を示す「仮面高血圧」が注目されている．仮面高血圧は未治療者の10～15％，治療中高血圧患者の20～25％に存在する．その心血管リスクは正常血圧より2～3倍高く，診察室と診察室以外の血圧レベルが共に高い持続性高血圧と同程度かそれ以上である．仮面高血圧の表現型には，早朝血圧，ストレス性高血圧，夜間高血圧があり，その治療には個々の背景病態を把握する必要がある．早朝高血圧をターゲットにした降圧療法が，仮面高血圧治療の最初の第一歩である．

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