In this study, ignition delay times (IDTs) of C₉H₂₀ (Nonane) isomers were investigated with a newly developed shock tube facility and numerical simulation with KUCRS. It was found that ignition delay time (IDT) of 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentane (

) is considerably longer than n-nonane (n-C₉) especially in the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) region. The maximum difference is about one order of magnitude at 1000/T = 1.3 for 1.0 MPa and Φ = 1.0, where IDT of n-C9 is 3.6 ms while 29.9 ms for . Despite the significant difference in IDT, 0-D simulation with the reaction model generated by KUCRS could successfully reproduce the experimental results. According to the reaction path analysis and sensitivity analysis, it was considered that tends to form cyclic ether due to its highly branched structure, which inhibits the increase of OH, and thus, chain branching reactions.

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A machinability test of MC2 (AZ910) and (AM100A) castings was carried out in comparison with AC4CH (A356) castings for automobile wheels. Effects of such cutting conditions as cutting speed, feed, depth of cut and side-cutting-edge-angle on thrust, feed and principal components of cutting force and on cutting ratio were tested. MC2 and magnesium alloy castings have cutting efficiency 1.5 to 2.0 times as large as that of AC4CH aluminum alloy castings. Magnesium alloy castings are economical in practical machining.

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For the Yamanashi Maglev test line, we have manufactured new vehicles, which aim at improving several characteristics based on the test results of existing train-sets. Since July 2002,we have obtained data from the test running of the two new vehicles, a Kofu-side leading car '' and a long-size intermediate car 'M4'. is a special test leading car to reduce micro pressure wave, and M4 is a proto-type commercial car to improve quality of comfort. This paper describes the contents of technical development to investigate aerodynamic characteristics, improve ride comfort, and reduce internal noise, for comparison with existing vehicles.

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New vehicles have been manufactured for the Yamanashi Maglev Test Line that aim at improving several characteristics based on the test results of existing train-sets. Since July 2002, we have been obtaining data from the test running of two new vehicles, the leading car and the M4 long-size intermediate car. The is a special leading car to test reductions in micro-pressure waves, and the M4 is a prototype commercial car with improved ride comfort. This paper describes the contents of technical developments to investigate aerodynamic characteristics, improve ride comfort and reduce cabin interior noise, for comparison with those of existing vehicles.

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BACKGROUND: Electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the most popular tools for daily clinics and health checkup, and has been used for the National Survey on Circulatory Disorders to assess the health status in Japanese people. The meaningfulness to predict mortality from all causes among people with ECG abnormality is to be clarified using national samples.
METHODS: ECG findings recorded among 9,638 subjects for National Survey on Circulatory Disorders 1980 in Japan, were classified using the Minnesota Codes (mc). Their relationships to all cause mortality over 19 years were examined using Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for sex, age, systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, and smoking habits.
RESULTS: Subjects with abnormal Q-QS findings showed significantly high hazard ratios ( 3.71(mc1-1) and 1.57 (mc1-3)) for mortality to the subjects who were free from any major ECG findings. Hazard ratios were 1.37 (mc2-1) to 4.16 (mc2-5) for axis deviation, and 1.34 (mc3-1) to 1.35 (mc3-3) for left high R waves. Those were 1.63 (mc4-3) to 2.59 (mc4-1) for ST depression, and 1.54 (-3) to 2.33 (-1) for T abnormality. The lower the second number of the Minnesota Codes was, the higher hazard ratio was observed in the Q-QS, ST, T codes. The hazard ratios of junction-type ST depression (mc4-4), and low T waves (-4, 5-5) were not significant.
CONCLUSIONS: ECG findings defined by the Minnesota Codes were useful to predict the risk for mortality from all causes even after adjusting for the other major risk factors, and the results supported a usefulness of the ECG for health check-ups.
J Epidemiol 2005;15:125-134.

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α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is an endogenous peptide hormone that is involved in cutaneous pigmentation. Recent our study has demonstrated that α-MSH elicits scratching, an itch-related response, in mice. In this study, we investigated whether α-MSH was involved in spontaneous scratching in mice with atopy-like dermatitis (AD-mice). α-MSH and the prohormone convertase 2, which is the key processing enzyme for the production of α-MSH, were distributed mainly in keratinocytes in AD-mice. In primary cultures of mouse keratinocytes and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, α-MSH receptors (MC1R and

R) mRNAs were expressed. MC1R antagonist agouti-signaling protein inhibited spontaneous scratching in mice with atopy-like dermatitis. In mice, α-MSH elicited itch-associated responses, which were inhibited by TP thromboxane (TX) receptor antagonist. In mouse keratinocytes, α-MSH increased the production of TXA₂, which was decreased in mouse keratinocytes treated with siRNA for MC1R and/or R. α-MSH increased intracellular Ca²⁺ ion concentration in DRG neurons and keratinocytes. These results suggested that α-MSH-TXA₂ system is involved in spontaneous scratching in AD-mice.

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Bromomethylthioindoles -8 were isolated from Laurenia brongniartii as the most active anti-MRSA substances in red algae. We have interested in the total synthesis of these compounds from the viewpoints of synthetic structural elucidation for the natural products, the structure-activity relationship of these compounds, and the chemistry of alkylthiolation of indoles.We have applied the following our new observations to the total synthesis of -8. 1) Regio-selective synthesis of C⁴-C⁶ poly-brominated indoles 2. 2) Introduction of methylthio group into C³-position of indoles without using stinky thiols. 3) Electrophilic substitution at C²-position of 3-methylthioindoles 3. Consequently we achieved the first total synthesis of the anti-MRSA natural products MC 7 and MC 8 in good yields. The synthesized samples showed potent anti-MRSA activities.

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Bromomethylthioindoles -8 are isolated from Laurecia brongniartii as the most potent anti-MRSA substances in red algae. We are interested in the total synthesis of these compounds from the viewpoints of synthetic structural elucidation for the natural products and the structure-activity relationship. Preceding the total synthesis, we developed the introduction methods for 2, 3-disubstituents of the natural products ( -8). The C^3-selective introduction of a methylthio group to unprotected indoles are developed via the C^3-dimethylsulfonium salt of indoles using a DMSO・TFAA complex. The sulfonium salts were easily de-methylated to 3-SMe indoles by refluxing in dipropylamine. It is a new synthetic method for 3-SMe indoles without using stinky thiols in excellent yields. The C^2-selective introduction of dimethylsulfonium or bromo group to 5-NO_2 or 1-Ts 3-SMe indoles are achieved, although 3-SMe indole itself caused dimerization. On the basis of the above findings, we succeeded the first total synthesis of MC 7 and MC 8 as follows. 1) Regio-selective synthesis of C^4-C^6 poly-brominated indoles 21. 2) Introduction of methylthio group into C^3-position of indoles without using stinky thiols. 3) Electrophilic substitution at C^2-position of 3-methylthioindoles 23. The synthesized MC 7, MC 8, and some synthetic intermediates showed potent anti-microbial activities against MRSA. Furthermore, we founded these compounds has potent anti-VRE activities.

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The detection of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), a newly recognized epigenetic mark, is essential to its functional study. Here, an efficient and simple two-step-amplification method to detect 5hmC mediated by glucosylation is reported, which combines rolling circle amplification (RCA) and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In the first step RCA, the glucosylated 5hmC (5ghmC), but not 5hmC, 5-methylcytosine (5mC) or cytosine (C) bases, could directly and specifically inhibit the activity of phi29 DNA polymerase, resulting in less RCA product compared to that using C-/5-/hmC-containing templates. Then, the second step qPCR is adopted to test and verify the difference of the product quantity of 5ghmC-related RCA. The results show that the delta cycle threshold, ΔC_t, obtained by subtracting the cycle threshold value (C_t) of C-related qPCR from that of each qPCR, of 5ghmC-related qPCR reaches 1.59 ± 0.03, significantly different from that of C-/5-/hmC-related qPCR (–0.00 ± 0.09, 0.06 ± 0.08 and –0.02 ± 0.03, respectively). Meanwhile, a linear relationship is observed between the 5ghmC levels and the ΔC_t values. This suggests that the strategy has a potential application for 5hmC detection and quantification.

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Our objective is to apply a new technology development method, called "a smart compact laboratory" to design chassis member of a proto typed solar car. The process of this development is existed five stages using digital data : 1) Initial Design using topological optical method, 2) Final Design to confirm a configuration taken by using Finite Element Method (FEM), 3) Production of proto type model using a rapid prototyping (laser lithography), 4) Making of actual production using Machining Center (), ) Inspection of configuration of production by non contacted three dimensional measurement.

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肝臓のミクロゾームの数種のチトクロームP-450分子種に及ぼすヒノキ (Chamaecyparis obtusa) 材の精油の影響を, オスのウィスター系ラットを用いて調べた.その結果, 第1に, ヒノキ精油の腹腔内投与 (300mg/kg, ×2) により, P-450の総含量は50%の増加 (p<0.01) を示すこと, 第2に, ウェスタンブロッティングによる免疫化学的定量から, P450 PB-4とPB-5が, 対照に比べ12倍に増加していること, 第3に, P450 -は増加していないことが明らかとなった.これらの分子種の変動は, テストステロン水酸化活性, 7-エトキシクマリン脱エチル化活性, および, HPLCによる溶出パターンから確認された.

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A convenient method for the synthesis of 3-methylthioindoles has been established which does not use smelly compounds such as thiol derivatives. The method, which introduces an alkyl- or arylthio-group into the C³-position of the indole skeleton, was extended to the direct introduction of a methylthio or bromo group at the C²-position using 3-methylthioindoles. No dimerization occurred, and the reaction mechanism was confirmed. The products have the partial structure of potent anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (anti-MRSA) bromomethylthioindoles ( –8) isolated from marine algae. Furthermore, this reaction could be applied to the synthesis of 3,3-diindolyl thioether which is a core structure of Echinosulfone A.

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球状で多孔質のポリ(塩化ビニル)(PVC)とヒドラジン,エチレンジアミン,ジエチレントリアミソなどポリアミンとの反応検討を行った。PVCとDETを反応して得たアミノ化樹脂(MC-3)は,HgCI₂,CuSO₄,ZnSO₄,CdC1₂,CrC1₈,Pb(NO₃)₂に対して優れた吸着性を示した。イミノニ酢酸型のキレー樹脂と異なりMC-3のこれら金属イオンの吸着性はt塩化ナトリウムの共存により向上した。MC-3のHg²⁺飽和吸着容量は約1kg-Hg²⁺.(kg-Res)-1と大きいが,0.005mg-Hg・dm^-3濃度以下への低濃度除去性を示さなかった。MC-3にエピクロロヒドリンを介して,アニリン,3-アミノピリジソ,p-フェニレンジアミン,ジメチルアミン,ジエチレソトリアミンを反応させた樹脂を合成した。アニリンを反応させた樹脂(-)は,雷化海水ウランに対して優れた吸着性を示した。97mg-U・dm^-3 濃度の富化海水を-,10cm8充填したカラムにSV10h-1,LV0.885m・h-の速度で流した時のウラン吸着量は,28.4g(dm^3-Res)螢1,吸着帯の長さは,約3clnであった。吸着したウラニルイオンは,炭酸アンモニウムの水溶液で容易に脱離できた。

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To examine the mutagenicity of 5-formylcytosine (5-fC), an oxidation product of 5-methylcytosine (5-), -fC was incorporated into predetermined sites of double-stranded shuttle vectors. The nucleotide sequences in which the modified base was incorporated were 5'-AFGCGT 3' and 5'-ACGFGT 3' (F represents 5-fC), the recognition site for the restriction enzyme MluI (5'-ACGCGT-3'). 5-fC was incorporated into the template strand of either the leading or lagging strand of DNA replication. The modified DNAs were transfected into simian COS-7 cells, and the DNAs replicated in the cells were recovered and analyzed after a second transfection into Escherichia coli. 5-fC weakly blocked DNA replication in mammalian cells. The 5-fC residues were mutagenic, with mutation frequencies in double-stranded vectors of 0.03-0.28%. The mutation spectrum of 5-fC was broad, and included targeted (5-fC→G, 5-fC→A, and 5-fC→T) and untargeted mutations. These results suggest that the oxidation of 5-mC results in mutations at and around the modified sites.

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The agouti signaling protein (ASIP)/melanocortin signaling system regulates lipid metabolism in humans but not in mice. To examine whether the system is present in adipose tissues in chickens, we performed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis using mRNAs extracted from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues. This revealed that mRNAs for melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), R, ASIP, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), prohormone convertase 1 (PC1) and PC2 were expressed in both adipose tissues, suggesting the presence of a local ASIP/melanocortin signaling system in these tissues in chickens. To investigate the potential biological role of this system, the adipose tissue mRNA expression of ASIP and POMC was examined under food-deprived conditions. Forty-eight-hour fasting significantly decreased body weight and reduced the cell size in adipose tissues. In addition, the plasma levels of free fatty acids were increased while those of glucose, triacylglycerols and insulin were decreased, suggesting the activation of lipolysis and gluconeogenesis in the fasted chickens. Under this condition, the mRNA expression of ASIP and POMC was decreased and increased, respectively, in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues. ASIP and melanocortins are lipogenic and lipolytic hormones, respectively. Therefore, these findings suggest that lipid metabolism in the adipose tissues is regulated by a local ASIP/melanocortin signaling system in chickens. This is the first report demonstrating changes in the expression of ASIP mRNA in adipose tissues in the negative-energy state in vertebrates.

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The in vivo and in vitro fates of 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-OH), 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline (), , 7-dichloro-8-hydroxyquinoline (DC), and 5-chloro-8-hydroxy-7-iodoquinoline (CF) in rat was studied. The results obtained were as follows. (1) These compounds were metabolized to glucuronides and sulfates after intravenous administration. Glucuronides were excreted in bile and urine, but sulfates were excreted exclusively in urine. Unmetabolized forms were almost not excreted. (2) Glucuronides were more excreted in bile as the molecular weights increased by halogen substituents. And glucuronides having the higher affinities to plasma protein and 15% liver 100000 g supernatant fraction were more excreted in bile. (3) Although sulfates were well hydrolyzed as glucuronides in the body, sulfates (especially, CF sulfate) resisted enzymatic hydrolysis in vitro by mitochondria-lysosomal and microsomal enzymes in both liver and kidney in contrast to susceptibilities of glucuronides to them. (4) The conjugates were hydrolyzed by Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺, and Mg²⁺. Especially in the presence of Cu²⁺ or Fe³⁺, DC sulfate and CF sulfate which were extremely stable in thh enzymatic hydrolysis were unstable. Accordingly, the effects of the metal ions as well as the hydrolytic enzymes were suggested for the hydrolysis of the conjugates in the body.

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