Recently, with the increase in home electric appliances with power electronics devices, influences of harmonics are increasing. In order to investigate influences due to harmonics currents, grasp of waveforms for electric appliances in use in low voltage distribution system is important. In this study, four types of electric appliances were chosen as a single-phase load used on low voltage distribution system, and harmonic characteristics were measured. Measured data were compared with limits for harmonic emissions calculated by the standards of JIS C 61000-3-2 (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)-Part 3-2: Limits). Subsequently, average harmonic current characteristics profiles for four types of appliances were obtained. EMTP model for appliances using this profile was developed.

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A-site substituted (Ba_1−x,Sr_x)TiO₃ nanocubes (BS_xT NC; x is Sr ratio) were synthesized by hydrothermal process with surfactant and additives. X-ray diffraction profiles of BS_xT

showed single-phase of perovskite. Size of BS_xT was decreased with increasing Sr content under same hydrothermal condition. When synthesis temperature increased, size of BS_xT was enlarged. It revealed that the size of BS_xT was able to be controlled by optimizing the hydrothermal conditions. However, inhomogeneous substitution was observed by scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It suggested that reaction rate of Sr ions to form perovskite structure was faster than that of Ba ions under hydrothermal condition. Three-dimensional (3D) assemblies of BS_xT after heat-treatment at 850 °C had obscured interfaces between the . Raman spectroscopy of NC assemblies revealed that symmetry of BS_xT differed from that of BaTiO₃ (BT) and did not change after heat-treatment at 850 °C. Piezoresponse curves became slim hysteresis behavior with increasing Sr ratio. These results suggested that Sr substitution of BT caused phase transition from ferroelectric to paraelectric phase in 3D assemblies.

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Ba(Zr_x,Ti_1−x)O₃ nanocubes (BZT_x ) were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction with titanium and zirconium aqueous compounds and surfactants. The nanocubes were assembled on the substrates by dropping-drying method. The microstructures of the nanocube were evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ordered assemblies of the were yielded on the substrate when Zr contents were below 0.2. BZT_0.2 had narrow size distribution about 20 nm observed by FE-SEM and TEM. On the other hand, BZT_0.5 and BaZrO₃ were attached each other and they formed large cube above 100 nm. Perovskite phase was confirmed in all BZT_x by X-ray diffraction. Lattice constant of BZT_x increased linearly with increasing Zr contents. The composition of BZT_0.2 were calculated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These results suggest that the ratio of Ba:Zr:Ti is nearly equal to the nominal ratio. Crystallographic phase of BaTiO₃ and BZT_0.2 was characterized by Raman spectroscopy under various measurement temperatures.

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表色系の規格には表色系の概念，観測条件，色票及び三刺激値などが記載されているが，心理評価実験や完全色（c=100）のデータなどに関して不明瞭な部分も少なくない。そのため，本研究は色票80枚を使用して知覚された属性を評価し，規格値との対応を検討する。さらに，光源を変えた際の知覚された属性を評価し，本研究室で開発された新均等色空間NC-IIIC-Vでの知覚された属性とメトリック量との対応を評価する。心理評価実験では色票80色（s=35,c=30:20枚，s=30,c=40:40枚，s=25,c=50:20枚）を使用し，3名の観測者が5回ずつ計15回行った。照明光は標準昼光D65及び標準の光Aを使用した。表色系に関しては，色み，黒みを小さく評価する傾向にあったが，これは鮮やかさと明るさを混同したためと思われる。NC-IIIC-Vに関しては，メトリック量と知覚量との差が表色系に比べて1.7%にとどまり，従来困難とされていた表色系の色み，白み，黒みを心理物理量として表示することが可能であると分かった。知覚的側面と心理物理的側面の両者の方法を併せ持つNC-IIIC-V空間の方がより量的な表現方法を持っていると言えるが，紫色の範囲で色相が広がっていた。これは，表色系がマンセル表色系のように紫色を定義していないためであると考えられる。

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Phase composition of iron silicide nanocrystals (

) in the course of formation by solid phase epitaxy (SPE) method, and embedding into silicon was studied. It was found that SPE of 0.4-nm-thick Fe film at 630 °C resulted in formation of small (less than 29.5 nm) and big (more than 42.6 nm) . The former contained only β-FeSi₂ phase and the latter consisted of β-FeSi₂ and ε-FeSi phases. Annealing of these at 750 °C for 90 min led to transformation of β-FeSi₂ and ε-FeSi into α-FeSi₂ . However, when the as-grown have been covered with silicon layer with thickness of 25–380 nm at 750 °C, they turned into β-FeSi₂ NC. Epitaxial relationship and crystal lattice deformation obtained for β-FeSi₂ covered by Si layer is favorable for indirect to direct band gap transition.

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Here we show an electrophoretic deposition process for a uniform coating of glass substrate surface with fluorescent silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs). The

with ~35% of photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) were synthesized by thermal disproportionation of hydrogen silsesquioxane, followed by hydrosilylation of 1-decence. Next, the hollow-silica particles that are crammed of the decane-terminated were prepared by taking advantage of a vacuum impregnation process. The PL spectra were measured as a function of temperature for films of before and after silica encapsulation. It was observed that a rapid decrease of PL intensity with elevated temperature for the hydrogen-terminated whereas the silica capsule suppresses a thermal quenching to give PL stability at high temperature. The presence of a silica capsule also allows electrophoretic deposition of the to the surface of an ITO glass substrate.

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In order to study the interface boundary structure, a three dimensional Near-Coincidence Site Lattice(3D-) analysis based on Coincidence Site Lattice(CSL) theory has been proposed. In this method, coincidence atoms are calculated by a computer based, atomic matching procedure. To examine the validity of the 3-D analysis, the comparison between this method with the O-lattice theory was made for the preferred orientation relationships in BCC/FCC system. A good correspondence is obtained. As for interface boundary structure, the 3D- analysis is compared with the experimental results obtained by HRTEM observation of an (α+β) two phase titanium alloy. The analysis is able to predict well the α/β interface boundary structure observed experimentally. Therefore, it is suggested that the 3D- analysis is a useful method to predict the structure of interface boundary.

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Highly efficient all solid state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) were fabricated by the specific interaction of CuI with the groups of the dye molecules and that of the counter electrodes. The specific interaction was studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The counter electrode containing groups was prepared by coating the PEG solution containing groups. The counter electrode was connected with the the groups of the dye molecules by CuI. The specific interaction between the CuI with the groups of the dye molecules and that of the counter electrode facilitate the injection of the hole into the counter electrode to give the highly efficient all solid state DSSC. The DSSC were stable and exhibited high efficiency (4.2%). This DSSC has potential to be applied for practical use.

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We have investigated photoluminescence (PL) behaviors of nano-composite phase of β-

embedded in SiO₂ (β-/SiO₂). The inhomogeneous spectra consisting of the A, B, and C emission bands were observed. PL enhancement also was confirmed in comparison with β-/Si. Under high pumping rate, we observed PL spectra near room temperatures (~270 K). This fact means that oxidation of the nano-composite phase can contribute to reduction of thermal quenching, which may come from increase of band offsets around β-.

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We have investigated oxidation behaviors of nano-composite phase with β-FeSi₂ nanocrystals (β-

) and Si on Si substrates. IR absorption measurements revealed that only oxidation of Si into SiO₂ proceeded in the nano-composite phase. This fact is very important for realization of a novel composite phase with β- and SiO₂, which may contribute to enhancement of light emission and to prevent a large thermal quenching of light emission observed in the composite phase with β- and Si.

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The mode of neocarzinostatin-chromophore (-chr) - apo-neocarzinostatin (apo-) interaction in neocarzinostatin () complex has been described. The -chr release from the complex in the presence of various reagents, which destroy the highorder structure of the protein under various pH conditions, was examined. We found that (i) sodium dodecylsulfate, Nonidet P 40, 8 M urea, and 2-propanol did release -chr from , (ii) no -chr release is detected below pH 7, but it is enhanced at high pH and (iii) β-naphthol as a model of naphthalenecarboxylic acid derivative and D-galactosamine as a model of Af-methylfucosamine of -chr did release -chr from . These observations indicate that the binding of -chr to apo- may be due to not only ionic interaction between the acidic side chain of apo- and the basic center of an aminosugar moiety of -chr but also hydrophobic interaction between the hydrophobic amino acids of apo- and hydrophobic moieties of -chr.
Apo- is a very hydrophilic protein, since it has an high hydrophilic amino acid content. So, local hydrophobicity, local hydrophilicity and secondary structure of apo- were predicted. Hydrophobic residues of apo- predominantly located in β-sheet structures near the carboxyl-terminus. These predictions are in good agreement with the results suggesting that -chr bound carboxyl-terminal-43-peptide of apo- in our previous result.

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Streptomyces carzinostaticus produces the antitumor protein, , and at the same time a related protein which antagonizes the antimicrobial effect of . This has been designated pre-neocarzinostatin (pre-). The physicochemical properties of pre- are very close to those of , except for a difference in isoelectric point. Production of pre- in the culture filtrate precedes production of . Pre- has no antimicrobial and antitumor effect but antagonizes activity.
Pre-, when given 2 hours prior to , markedly diminishes the -induced inhibition of Sarcina lutea growth and DNA synthesis in HeLa cells. However, the antagonistic action of pre- is lost when pre- is washed out from HeLa cell culture after 2 hours incubation. When pre- was given intraperitoneally to mice bearing Sarcoma 180 ascites tumor, subsequent treatment with failed to inhibit the tumor growth. On the other hand, the acute toxicity of given intravenously was not abolished by preceding intravenous injection of pre-.
The acute toxicity of pre- by intravenous injection was greater than 100mg/kg in mice.

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Cell survival kinetics of HeLa cells grown exponentially in monolayers or grown in multicellular spheroids following neocarzinostatin () treatment was analyzed in vitro. The effect of was markedly reduced when a large number of cells were plated as compared to a small number per dish. Cell survival kinetics for various combinations of factors: the cell number per dish, concentration of and volume of the medium containing showed that the extent, of cell killing by was solely determined by the relative relation of cell density expressed as cells per unit volume of medium to the effective concentration of ; the effective total available to each cell. The theoretical formulation in a controlled situation indicates that C₃₇, the concentration of required to reduce the surviving fraction to e^-1, is directly proportional to the cell density. The experimental data points derived from all the combinations of factors essentially followed a linear regression line of the theoretical equation. Therefore, the cell-density dependency of drug-induced cell killing may not be due to a difference in cellular sensitivity or recovery capacity. The effect of on cells in spheroids with central necroses can not be explained only on the basis of the cell-density dependency, but is likely to be reduced by hypoxic conditions, decreased reactivation and the limited penetration of to the deeper layers.

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