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  • Farhang Akbar-Khanzadeh
    Journal of Human Ergology
    1998年 27 巻 1-2 号 70-75
    発行日: 1998/12/15
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    In a metal refining plant, 366 workers were interviewed to investigate factors contributing to the discomfort or dissatisfaction of wearing personal protective equipment (PPE). Up to 97.8% of these individuals used one or more types of PPE. The percentages of employees who reported their hard hats and cooling vests as comfortable were 17% and 19%, respectively. Twenty-five percent of workers felt their respirators and safety harnesses were comfortable. Safety glasses ranked at 50%, gloves 53%, and safety shoes 54% for comfort factor. The percentage of employees who tolerated their PPE (just acceptable) ranged from 27% to 52%. The most frequently cited factors contributing to discomfort or dissatisfaction of wearing PPE were related to the workers' beliefs that the PPE was not needed, created a
    new
    hazard
    , interfered with work, was too heavy, was hard to wear, prohibited breathing or communicating, irritated skin, put pressure on the body, and was of an undesirable type or model.
  • Monirul ISLAM, Kimiteru SADO
    水工学論文集
    2000年 44 巻 301-306
    発行日: 2000/02/10
    公開日: 2010/08/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    Flood frequency and flood water depth were estimated using satellite remote sensing data for the development of flood hazard map and flood risk zoning map. Physiographic divisions, geological divisions, administrative districts, road, rail and drainage network digital data were used through GIS approach. Flood damaged area for each physiographic division, geologic division and administrative district were estimated. Finally, the most safe flood hazard map for flood countermeasure was constructed by considering interact effect of flood water depth and flood frequency simultaneously. Flood risk zoning map for each administrative district was developed, which provides the information about the development and preparedness of the administrative districts, road and rails, etc. on the priority basis against the flood damages.
  • Kazuhiro Kajihara, Pokhrel Rama Mohan, Takashi Kiyota, Kazuo Konagai
    Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication
    2016年 2 巻 22 号 829-834
    発行日: 2016/01/31
    公開日: 2016/01/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The major problems associated with liquefaction-induced ground subsidence are tilting of houses, buckling of roads, lifelines cut off, etc. For the mitigation and preparedness over the liquefaction-induced damage, a detailed study on prediction of ground subsidence for future earthquake is important. On the 11th of March 2011, the Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake (MW=9) hit Japan and caused severe liquefaction in Urayasu City, Chiba Prefecture. In this study, in order to investigate the relationship between liquefaction potential, PL, and liquefaction-induced subsidence which occurred in the 2011 earthquake, liquefaction assessment is first carried out by using a number of boreholes and relevant soil test data from Urayasu city. Then, the liquefaction-induced road subsidence is extracted from a set of the Digital Surface Models (DSMs) from airborne LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) surveys before (2006) and after (2011) the earthquake. The extracted subsidence from the DSMs indicates that the liquefaction-induced road subsidence is larger for the residential roads than that of the main roads, thus the relationship between PL and road subsidence is different for each type of road. Finally, an attempt is made to apply the obtained PL and road subsidence relations to attain a unique hazard map for Urayasu city.
  • Guangqi Chen, Yanan Fan, Yange Li
    Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication
    2016年 2 巻 30 号 1103-1106
    発行日: 2016/01/31
    公開日: 2016/01/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    A landslide-dam hazard mapping method is proposed so as to provide the necessary information to countermeasures against earthquake induced landslide disaster chain. The procedures of the method are introduced together with newly developed slope identification technique and new slope stability analysis GIS module. A practical application is presented to show the practical usefulness of the hazard mapping system.
  • Takuya URAKOSHI, Takaaki FUKUHARA, Osamu NUNOKAWA, Atsushi HASEGAWA
    Quarterly Report of RTRI
    2016年 57 巻 4 号 261-267
    発行日: 2016/11/01
    公開日: 2016/12/19
    ジャーナル フリー

    A

    new
    hazard
    mapping system related to landslides, strong winds, avalanches and rockfalls has been developed. Firstly, meteorological conditions, e.g. intensities of rain, wind and snow, are estimated based on meteorological simulation or meteorological statistics. Secondly, potential hazards for the railway system are evaluated with consideration of topographical factors calculated by using a digital elevation model. Finally, the evaluated hazards are mapped onto a geographical information system. This hazard mapping system is helpful for engineers to identify the locations where surveys need to be conducted and where countermeasures against the disasters need to be applied.

  • Kenji TOMITA, Shinji SATO, Fumiaki UEHAN
    Quarterly Report of RTRI
    1999年 40 巻 1 号 56-60
    発行日: 1999年
    公開日: 2008/07/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    The Hazards Estimation and Restoration Aid System, "HERAS," developed by RTRI in 1992, automatically estimates the damage grade of each point based on inputted earthquake elements. When combined with the Urgent Earthquake Detection and Alarm System, "UrEDAS," developed by RTRI, it provides the quickest and most accurate restoration aid. HERAS has useful databases for the daily maintenance of structures and can easily select the weak points against an optional hypothetical earthquake. This system is also useful for repair and reinforcement of structures before a disastrous event occurs. A new version of HERAS called "HERAS-II" that has a
    new
    hazard
    estimation method and databases was developed in 1997. This paper explains the difference between the old type "Old HERAS" and new "HERAS-II," and introduces the databases and the tools of HERAS-II.
  • 梶原 和博, ポカレル ラマ モハン, 清田 隆, 小長井 一男
    生産研究
    2015年 67 巻 6 号 667-671
    発行日: 2015/11/01
    公開日: 2015/11/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    2011年3月11日に発生した東北地方太平洋沖地震(Mw 9.0)は,震源から遠く離れた関東地方沿岸部に深刻な液状化被害をもたらした.将来の液状化被害に備えるにあたっては,これまで多くの自治体でハザードマップの整備が行われてきたが,このマップに被害に関する定量的な情報が含まれると,防災へのより効果的な利活用が期待できる.そこで,本研究では,液状化指数と液状化沈下マップ(Konagai et al., 2013)から得られた道路沈下量の関係を道路種別毎に整理する.ここで得られた関係を用いて,液状化による道路沈下量を定量的に予測する新しいハザードマップの構築を試みる.
  • 羽田 誠, 中村 博一
    年次大会
    2012年 2012 巻 W011006
    発行日: 2012/09/09
    公開日: 2017/06/19
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    The situation surrounding the Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011 shed light on many problems that should be improved to protect against future Tsunamis. Based on the lessons that we learned from this major Tsunami, we proposed a new kind of hazard map called the next generation Tsunami hazard map. This new map visualizes the results of Tsunami analysis based on various factors and the results of an evacuation analysis within 3D virtual reality space. By applying this model to the port that suffered from the Tsunami, we visualized the whole scene in 3D. This included the visualization of the land being inundated by the Tsunami and the analysis of what actually happened during this time, including the behaviour of the people evacuating the disaster. Through the use of this
    new
    hazard
    map it is possible to review various types of Tsunami risks and develop self-help strategies.
  • 中埜 貴元, 小荒井 衛, 宇根 寛
    地学雑誌
    2015年 124 巻 2 号 259-271
    発行日: 2015/04/25
    公開日: 2015/05/14
    ジャーナル フリー
     Landform classification data are useful for assessing land liquefaction. Koarai et al. (2013) suggested a comprehensive risk assessment table for land liquefaction by combining 7.5-arc-second Japan engineering geomorphologic classification data (Wakamatsu and Matsuoka, 2009) with seismic intensity. The Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (2007) suggested a risk assessment standard for land liquefaction using land condition data produced by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan. Our
    new
    hazard
    assessment standard for land liquefaction is based on land condition data and a risk assessment table produced by Koarai et al. (2013). Furthermore, a landform classification and hazard assessment standard of land liquefaction is suggested to create a simple land liquefaction hazard map. This information allows land liquefaction hazard to be assessed from land condition data or 7.5-arc-second Japan engineering geomorphologic classification data and to interconvert both land liquefaction hazard assessments.
  • 田中 規夫, 八木澤 順治, 佐藤 誠幸, 細萱 陽
    河川技術論文集
    2012年 18 巻 357-362
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2023/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー

    The tsunami caused by the Great Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011, broke most of the sea embankment and coastal vegetation belt and caused catastrophic damage to people and buildings in the Tohoku and Kanto regions of Japan. Field surveys were conducted to elucidate the damage to river embankments and their hinterlands (residential area) by tsunami propagation in river channels and overtopping of embankments. Ten rivers were selected for the field investigation. In the hinterlands where overtopping occurred, the tsunami came from two directions, coast and river. It is necessary to identify locations of river embankments that can be easily overtopped by a tsunami in different tsunami conditions, river morphology and inland embankment of roads or trains. Tsunami inundation patterns were classified by the river capacity and whether a river or sea embankment was breached or not. This will provide useful information for making

    new
    hazard
    maps and planning new cities. Numerical simulation in Abukumagawa River shows the clear relationship between the scoured area and the tsunami overtopping time.

  • Kazutaka KOGI
    Journal of Human Ergology
    1982年 11 巻 1 号 1-2
    発行日: 1982/09/15
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Zhaohui Liu, Zhiqiang Wu, Xiaohua Yang
    Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. Book of abstracts : ICONE
    2015年 2015.23 巻 ICONE23-1427
    発行日: 2015/05/17
    公開日: 2017/06/19
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    In NPP, the digital control system which integrated software and hardware are increasingly used to improve dependability and introduce new functionality. Traditional safety analysis can get a good result when handling accidents caused by component failures, but software does not fail in this way. STPA is a
    new
    hazard
    analysis technique based on systems theory rather than reliability theory. It considers the system as a whole (include the hardware and software) to analyze failure and causality of systems and treats safety as a control problem rather than a failure problem. Being a safety-critical system, RPS in NPP needs to be considered carefully in system safety. So, we adopt this new approach to analyze the design process. From the analysis results, we found that causal factors leading to safety accidents identified by STPA included all the hazards identified by the fault tree analysis. Furthermore, there are some causal factors that were identified by STPA only. We utilize these results of the analysis on causation factor to refine the safety requirements and reduce the occurrences of the hazardous scenarios.
  • Tadashi Agostinho Ogura
    International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering
    2020年 13 巻 1 号 1
    発行日: 2020/04/15
    公開日: 2020/04/03
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 平野 伸将, 榎本 恵, 関根 道昭, 田中 健次
    ヒューマンインタフェース学会論文誌
    2019年 21 巻 1 号 111-120
    発行日: 2019/02/25
    公開日: 2019/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    Elderly drivers generally are not good at recognizing multiple objects at the same time because they have less attention resources than younger drivers. As a result, when multiple hazards arise simultaneously while driving, elderly drivers may fail to promptly identify certain hazards, leading to an accident. This study examined, using a driving simulator, to what extent elderly people properly recognized multiple, simultaneous hazards. We also examined whether they recognized hazards more quickly if given a visual alert. The results showed that they could recognize hazards more quickly when the alert to a
    new
    hazard
    included directional information, and that, compared with younger people, elderly drivers tended to take their foot off the gas pedal while trying to identify the hazard. Further, a subjective assessment confirmed that they found the cognitive load of processing a directional alert harder than younger people. These findings suggest that optimizing the way the alert is given according to the severity and imminence of the hazard would make the alert more effective while reducing the driver’s cognitive load.
  • 山田 将史, 仲瀬 寛輝, 小木曽 望, 南部 陽介
    航空宇宙技術
    2022年 21 巻 31-39
    発行日: 2022年
    公開日: 2022/07/12
    ジャーナル 認証あり

    Though our developed nano-satellite, HIROGARI released to orbit in March 2021 achieved the missions successfully until the end of 2021, the satellite encountered significant problems in the early operation stage. Because the satellite condition did not follow the expected behavior, the operation policy had to be decided with insufficient data. However, it was difficult to decide the operation policy rationally, since a nano-satellite has poor battery and communication margins. For the next nano-satellite development, this study constructed a resilient operation model for a nano-satellite using Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) with lessons learned from operation experiences of HIROGARI. STPA is known as a

    new
    hazard
    analysis method that focuses on the interaction between a controller and the controlled object and that can be applied in conceptual design stage before detailed configurations are determined. The resilient operation model was constructed by considering the ground station as the controller and the satellite as the controlled target. Then, validity of adopting STPA to construct the operation model is discussed through comparing the unsafe control actions (UCA) and our lessons learned from operation of HIROGARI.

  • ― 「重ねるハザードマップ」(国土地理院)を利用した津波被害予測 ―
    泉谷 清髙
    国際情報研究
    2020年 17 巻 1 号 3-14
    発行日: 2020/12/26
    公開日: 2020/12/28
    ジャーナル フリー

    In March 2013, the Central Disaster Management Council (Cabinet Office) announced "Damage assumption of Nankai Trough Earthquake (Second Report)", and in May "Measures against Nankai Trough Earthquake (Final Report)". However, in the final report, the only information on tsunamis was "List of maximum tsunami heights by prefecture and municipality (Appendix 1-2)". There was no tsunami forecast data for the addresses (specific areas) of thermal power plants. In April 2002, Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI) started operation of the “hazard map portal site”. In June 2018, the

    new
    hazard
    map portal site "Overlapping Hazard Map" was completed. It has a "risk display by address search" function that displays "power station location" data and "maximum tsunami inundation depth" data.

    This study consists of four parts. First, analyze the relationship between damage and recovery period of thermal power plants due to earthquake motion and tsunamis in the Great East Japan Earthquake. Second, use the "overlapping hazard map" to predict damage to thermal power plants due to ground motion and tsunamis from Nankai Trough Earthquake. Third, simulate the transition of recovery. Finally, analyze the power supply structure after Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster, which highly adds weight to toward thermal power generation.

  • Toshichika Iizumi, Masatake E. Hori, Masayuki Yokozawa, Hiroshi Nakagawa, Yousay Hayashi, Fujio Kimura
    SOLA
    2006年 2 巻 156-159
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/11/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    電子付録
    This study updates the projection of global warming impact on rice production in Japan using five coupled Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model (AOGCM) products under the SRES A1B scenario. Projection of daily maximum and minimum temperatures and daily total solar radiation for each AOGCM product are fed to a regional-scale rice model by which the rice heading day and yield are simulated. Most climate model results show that while the heading day becomes significantly earlier, the yield mostly remains in the range of inter-annual variability of the present climate. Projected future yield shows a distinct pattern of increase in the northern Japan and decrease in the southwestern Japan, with exception in parts of Kyushu. Projected yield change in the central Japan differs depending on the location of the prefecture. The trend of change in yield is consistent among simulation years in the northern and central Japan whereas it varies year-to-year in the southwestern Japan. The variance in yield over southwestern Japan possibly becomes larger due to heat stress as a result of global warming.
  • *桑原 洋次郎, 加納 徹, 竹島 由里子
    画像電子学会研究会講演予稿
    2017年 16.04 巻 16-04-104
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2020/07/01
    会議録・要旨集 認証あり
    日本では,地震や津波などのさまざまな自然災害が多く発生している.このような自然災害の対策には,被災想定区域を視覚的に把握できるハザードマップが有効である.ハザードマップとは,災害から生じる被害範囲を地図化したものである.一方,近年では犯罪や事故を扱うハザードマップも作成されているが,これらを同時に確認できるものはまだ存在しない.そこで本研究では,災害だけでなく犯罪や事故などの複数要因を考慮したハザードマップを提案する.3 つの要因を同時に可視化することができれば,居住地の探索や旅行地の選択など, よりさまざまな状況で活用可能となる.
  • 伊藤 和明
    富士学研究
    2010年 7 巻 1 号 44-47
    発行日: 2010/03/31
    公開日: 2023/03/31
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
    When a volcano erupts in the snow season, mudflow by snow melting occasionally occurs, causing destructive disaster. On May 24, 1926, after an explosive eruption of Mt.Tokachi, hot debris avalanche melted the remaining snow, and caused big mudflows that attacked a hot-spring hotel and a village of Kamifurano. The village was buried under mudflow sediment and completely destroyed. 144 people were killed in total. Recently, on November 13, 1985, similar disaster was experienced after an eruption of Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Columbia. As a pyroclastic flow from the summit crater covered the surface of glacier, rapid melting of ice triggered disastrous mudflows. The mudflow travelled about 50km and devastated the city of Armero, where 21000 of 29000 inhabitants were killed. About one month before this eruption, a detailed hazard map of Nevado del Ruiz Volcano had been circulated by INGEOMINAS ,the Geological Survey of Columbia, to local autonomies. This map was well prepared and the mudflows flowed down along the predicted courses. But each autonomy could not put the map to practical use for real disaster prevention. As soon as hearing the news about the disaster at Nevado del Ruiz, Kamifurano town prepared a
    new
    hazard
    map for emergency evacuation on the assumption that mudflow attacks the town after an eruption of Mt. Tokachi. Actually, when the volcano erupted on December 25, 1988, evacuation of inhabitants was directed on the basis of this hazard map. In Japan, mudflow disaster by snow melting with volcanic eruption has not been caused more than 80 years after the disaster of Mt.Tokachi in 1926. But, if in future, volcanoes including Mt.Fuji erupt on a large scale at the snow season, surrounding areas may face the danger of destructive mudflow. Accordingly, autonomies around active volcanoes have to prepare the disaster prevention planning against mudflows by snow melting with eruption.
  • K. D. Wehrstedt, W. D. Adams, W. Mak, M. Malow, 熊崎 美枝子
    安全工学
    2010年 49 巻 4 号 240-243
    発行日: 2010/08/15
    公開日: 2016/09/30
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    IGUS は不安定物質の特性や試験方法に関する研究者の国際コンソーシアムであり,爆発性・酸化性物質作業部会(EOS)の年1 回の会合では有機過酸化物,自己反応性物質、その他エネルギー物質,肥料,硝酸アンモニウム、酸化剤の試験方法,分類,安全を取り扱っている.2010 年のEOS は東京で開催され, 12 カ国・地域から産官学の研究者が参加した. 本年は,不安定物質の試験方法や分類についての議論,ヨーロッパの法律についての紹介,国際ラウンドロビンテストの結果などについて情報交換が行われた.本稿ではEOS の議長Wehrstedt 博士を中心としたメンバーによるEOS の紹介及び本年の会議の議題についてのレポートも掲載している. EOS は規制当局からの出席者,大学,研究機関,民間企業からの出席者が個人的に親交を深めることができる場である.さらなる情報は本文中にあるHP をごらん頂きたい.

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