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  • S. Matsuda
    植物学雑誌
    1913年 27 巻 322 号 en205-en212
    発行日: 1913年
    公開日: 2007/05/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • S. Matsuda
    植物学雑誌
    1913年 27 巻 321 号 en187-en192
    発行日: 1913年
    公開日: 2007/05/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 土司の系譜を中心として
    村井 信幸
    東南アジア -歴史と文化-
    1983年 1983 巻 12 号 27-60
    発行日: 1983/06/01
    公開日: 2010/03/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    Recently, in historical studies on China, and Southeast Asia, much work has been done about non-Chinese groups in South and Southeast China. As for studies of the non-Chinese groups in Southwest China, however, there remain many untouched areas. Among these non-Chinese peoples in ethnic groups which have the same name, there are some groups which have very similar traits and some which are radically different. With regard to the latter in particular, there are many cases in which it is doubtful whether they belong to the same ethnic group.
    Therefore in this paper, I will study especially the Na-khi tribe, one of the Non-chinese peoples in Southwest China belonging to the Tibet-Burman speaking tribes.
    The Na-khi inhabits chiefly the Li-chiang Na-khi tribe self-government district in Yünnan province. This is their center, but they are also found in the
    Ning
    -lang Yi tribe self-government district, the Wei-hsi district, the Chung-tien district, and the Yung-sheng district in Yünnan, and the Yen-yüan Yi tribe self-government district, the Yen-pien district, the Mu-li Tsang tribe self-government district in Ssu-ch'uan province. The population of this tribe is said to be about three hundred thousand.
    In ancient times Na-khi vas written “Mo-so” in Chinese historical documents. Even recently, scholars in China, Europe and America, often use the name Mo-so. The ethnic group (about 170 thousand) which inhabits the districts of Li-chiang, Wei-hsi, Chung-tien and Yung-sheng etc. calls itself na-ci. But the ethnic group (about 6 thousand) which inhabits the Yung-
    ning
    territory of the
    Ning
    -lang Yi tribe self-government district, calls itself na.
    Although both have been known as Na-khi, there are several differences in their kinship systems, marriage customs, and funeral ceremonies etc. The kinship system of the Li-chiang Na-khi is patrilineal, while that of the Yung-
    ning
    Na-khi is matrilineal. The funeral ceremony of the Li-chiang Na-khi changed from cremation to burial in about 1723, while the Yung-
    ning
    Na-khi still practise cremation. Among the Li-chiang Na-khi the daughter was sold by her parents, and if young couples wished to accomplish their love against their parents will, they used to commit suicide together. Therefore in the society of the Li-chiang Na-khi, there were a great many cases in which young Lovers comitted suicide. In contrast, there is the A-chu marriage system in the society of the Yung-
    ning
    Na-khi. This is a sort of visiting marriage, in other words, adult male and female had an A-chu relation: the male goes to the house of the female. and stays over night and comes back to his own house next morning. The Li-chiang Na-khi have two kinds of script (pictographic and syllabic), but the Yung-
    ning
    Na-khi have no script at all. The priest of the Li-chiang Na-khi is called Dto-mba and that of the Yung-
    ning
    Na-khi is called Nda-pa.
    Why are there so many differences? I traced back the historical background of these two groups. It is said that the home of the Na-khi was originally in the northeastern Tibet, and that they were originally a branch of the Mao-niu-yue-sui-Ch'iang, and migrated to Li-chiang during the T, ang dynasty, Tao Yun-kui gives detailed report of this based on the Chinese historical documents and his field work, and Li Lin-ts'an gives detailed reports based on the manuscripts of the Na-khi pictographic script and his field research. But both scholars did not discuss clealy the time of their separation. At present from Chinese historical documents of the T'ang and Sung dynasties, it is difficult to know how they separated and developed after their separation. But from the documents of the Yuan and Ming periods when the Chinese dynasty established the T'u-ssu system among the non-chinese peoples of southwest China, it is possible to learn about this to some extent. The T'u-ssu (native chieftains) of the Li-chiang Na-khi have several kinds of genealogies. From these genea
  • Yukinori Kobayashi, Yasutomo Noishiki, Manabu Yamamoto, Tsuguyuki Saito, Akira Isogai
    紙パ技協誌
    2019年 73 巻 12 号 1234-1239
    発行日: 2019年
    公開日: 2020/03/01
    ジャーナル フリー

    Hardwood bleached kraft pulp was oxidized using a TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system to prepare two TEMPO–oxidized pulps (TOPs) with similar amounts of aldehyde groups but different amounts of carboxy groups. The original pulp and TOPs were refi ned using a PFI mill at various revolution numbers, and the influence of refining conditions on the fundamental properties of TOP sheets was investigated. The tensile strength of TOP sheets was higher than that of the original pulp sheet prepared using the same PFI mill revolution numbers. Refi

    ning
    of TOPs signifi cantly improved wet tensile strength of the TOP sheets, whereas the original pulp did not exhibit such eff ect by refi
    ning
    . A clear relationship existed between the wet strength and the amount of aldehyde groups in the pulps. These results can be explained by the formation of hemiacetal linkages between the hydroxy and aldehyde groups at the interfi ber bonds in the sheets, which resulted in the increase in the wet strength of the TOP sheets. These results also indicated that refi
    ning
    is benefi cial for improving wet tensile strength when TOPs are used for papermaking.

  • 尚 徳福, 田中 信治
    水利科学
    1987年 30 巻 6 号 1-10
    発行日: 1987/02/01
    公開日: 2020/01/12
    ジャーナル フリー
  • S. Matsuda
    植物学雑誌
    1913年 27 巻 324 号 en271-en276
    発行日: 1913年
    公開日: 2007/05/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • S. Matsuda
    植物学雑誌
    1913年 27 巻 323 号 en234-en242
    発行日: 1913年
    公開日: 2007/05/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • S. Matsuda
    植物学雑誌
    1914年 28 巻 325 号 en5-en19
    発行日: 1914年
    公開日: 2007/05/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • (栗原百代訳『中国共産党と資本主義』)
    渡邉 真理子
    アジア研究
    2015年 61 巻 2 号 69-76
    発行日: 2015/06/30
    公開日: 2015/07/07
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 青山 一郎
    史学雑誌
    1992年 101 巻 2 号 240-266,322-32
    発行日: 1992/02/20
    公開日: 2017/11/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Ning
    -Yang district was formed in December, 1566. The seat of government was built at Jixianli Dongxiyang (集賢里東西洋) in Long-Yan district (龍巌県). This paper examines the progress and significance of its formation. This region had previously suffered from wide-spread brigandage,against which territorial officials had to work out measures. Wen-Rui Wei (魏文瑞), a magistrate of Zhang-Ping district (〓平縣),conceived of a plan to form a new district as an effective countermeasure. On the basis of his plan, the territorial officials consulted inhabitants of Jixianli about the problem. Accordingly, the Cao brothers, Wen-Ye Cao (曹文〓) and Ming-Feng Cao (曹鳴鳳), both shengyuan (生員) of Long-Yan district, presented to the local government a petition for the formation of a new district, "Qing Jian Xian Yi (請建縣議)", on behalf of the inhabitants. In it, they strongly emphasized their wish for the restoration of order, and also for the social advancement of those who would join in economic cooperation in the course of its formation. When their petition was submitted, however, an opposition group appeared. The bureaucracy and inhabitants of the existing districts, opposing such a plan, requested an educate intendent circuit (提學道) to deprive the Cao brothers of their shengyuan titles. Eventually, the Caos' petition was granted by the government, and a new district was formed, but the brothers were deprived of their titles. Thus, the long-cherished wish of the inhabitants of Jixianli was finally fulfiled through their cooperation in building the new district city. Among all the sub-districts in the new district, they nearly monopolized all the advancements and privileges in their society. Just after the petition was granted, another opposition group started a campaign against the transfer of jurisdiction to the new district. This movement was solved politically five years later. But socially, the opponents would not be reconciled with the society of the new district until the end of the 17th century. In short,
    Ning
    -Yang district was formed by a one-sided movement of the Jixianli inhabitants to acquire their own district. But, on the other hand, their selfishness roused the repulsion of their neighbors. The formation of
    Ning
    -Yang district is considered to be a model case of the formation of districts in the middle and south China during the Ming Dynasty.
  • Yuyan Gui, Xuemin Qiu, Yingping Xu, Dajin Li, Ling Wang
    BioScience Trends
    2015年 9 巻 3 号 169-181
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/07/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Bu-Shen-
    Ning
    -Xin decoction (BSNXD), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to prevent and treat age-related diseases such as postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) for decades. This study sought to investigate the underlying mechanisms of BSNXD in terms of receptor activation of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro because of the critical roles of bone resorption in the development and progression of osteoporosis. In mice, serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and 17-β-estradiol (E2) were evaluated with an enzyme immunoassay kit after ovariectomy. Levels of DHEA and DHEAS increased significantly following administration of BSNXD while the level of E2 did not. In addition, tartrate-resistance acid phosphatase staining showed that DHEA profoundly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro in a dose-dependent manner via estrogen receptor α (ERα) but not via estrogen receptor β or androgen receptors. Cytotoxicity was not detected in the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. These data suggest that BSNXD prevents PMO by increasing DHEA via the ERαpathway to suppress osteoclastogenesis.
  • Xuemin Qiu, Yuyan Gui, Na Zhang, Yingping Xu, Dajin Li, Ling Wang
    BioScience Trends
    2016年 10 巻 5 号 400-409
    発行日: 2016年
    公開日: 2016/11/15
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2016/07/31
    ジャーナル フリー

    Osteoimmunology is a new discipline that focuses on the interaction between the bones and the immune system. Immune cells play an important role in bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to illustrate the effect of Bu-Shen-

    Ning
    -Xin Decoction (BSNXD) on lymphocytes in the spleen and bone marrow to explore the potential role on the bone. C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: sham, ovariectomized (OVX), OVX+BSNXD, and OVX+ estrogen. The sham and OVX groups were treated with saline, the OVX+BSNXD group was treated with BSNXD, and the OVX+ estrogen group was treated with estrogen. After mice were sacrificed, the spleens and bones were collected, and the lymphocytes in the spleen and bone marrow were analyzed. We found that BSNXD lessened the extent of the increase of CD4+ and bone marrow. In contrast, these numbers were both increased in the OVX group. BSNXD had no influence on the percentage of γδ T cells. However, it increased the proportion of NK cells in the spleen and bone marrow. BSNXD lessened the extent of the increase of monocytes by ovariectomy. In vitro experiment, we found Tregs can decrease osteoclastogenesis when co-cultured with osteoclast precursor cells. This study suggests that BSNXD changes the immune environment and immune cells have a role in bone metabolism in OVX mice.

  • 伊東 励, 金 晧, 久保 博英, 金子 政則, 小林 繁, 富 成志, 張 庭〓, 王 文奎
    九州歯科学会雑誌
    1996年 50 巻 6 号 947-956
    発行日: 1996/12/25
    公開日: 2017/12/20
    ジャーナル フリー
    In August to September of 1995 the authors conducted an anthropometry of the head and face and measurement of the dental arch on Chinese Liao-
    Ning
    (66 males and 83 females), and the results were discussed. Furthermore, the correlations between the measurements of head and face, and those of dental arches and palate height were studied. The main results obtained are as follows : 1) Head length : the mean value for the male is 181.0mm and for the female 170.4mm. Both belong to Middle type. 2) Head breadth : the mean value for the male is 155.3mm and for the female 151.6mm. Male belong to Middle type and females belong to Wide type. 3) Bizygomatic breadth : the mean value for the male is 140.3mm and for the female 133.5mm. Both belong to Middle type. 4) Morphological face height : the mean value for the male is 124.0mm and for the female 114.6mm. Both belong to High type. 5) The head-type of the Chinese Liao-
    Ning
    belongs to Hyperbrachycephalic type and the face-type to Leptoprosopic type. 6) Correlation : The significant positive correlation is noted between the morphological face height and lower dental arch length only in the male, while that between morphological face height and palate heght is noted in both male and female.
  • MOTOSHI NODA, OSAMU KAWANO, OSAYUKI UCHIDA, TAKASHI SAWABE, GENICHI SAITO, KAZUNAGA FUKAWA
    JAPANESE CIRCULATION JOURNAL
    1970年 34 巻 1 号 7-12
    発行日: 1970/03/20
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Production of myocardial lesions with sympathomimetic a mines was studied in rats. Subcutaneous administration of isoproterenol at the daily doses of 1.2mg and 0.7mg per kg for 14 days caused a marked diffuse myocarditis. The myocardial lesions were detected by electrocardiogram 1 week after the begin-
    ning
    of the administration. Norepinephrine, nor-fenefrine and phenylephrine did not show any pathologic change in the myocardium. The significance of the toxic effects of these a mines was studied.
  • 宇多 高明, 桜本 弘, 折下 定夫
    海洋開発論文集
    1993年 9 巻 43-48
    発行日: 1993年
    公開日: 2010/03/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    Aerial photographs of coral islands in Maldives were taken to investigate the streak pattern developing on the shallow coral reef surrounding small islands. These streak patterns correspond well with the streamlines of the nearshore currents induced by wave breaking. The direction of the littoral transport was determined from these streak patterns. Beach erosion caused by the effect of the construction of impermeable jetties was investigated and plan
    ning
    method to prevent beach erosion was discussed.
  • 真島 正市, 高橋 清
    応用物理
    1954年 23 巻 11 号 517-521
    発行日: 1954/11/10
    公開日: 2009/02/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    A simple and handy method determining the concentration of pulp solution is described; with a definite quantity of the solution in a beaker, stirred by a propeller, time is measured from the instant at which this propeller is drawn out from this liquid, till this liquid comes to standstill. This time is taken as the measure of the concentration. Some factors gover-
    ning
    this time, say, dimension of the beaker, quantity of solution used, initial speed of rota-tion etc. are also considered.
  • *新石 達也, 大門 剛志, 石原 將市
    日本液晶学会討論会講演予稿集
    2014年 2014 巻 3C12
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2016/12/19
    会議録・要旨集 フリー

    It has been known that stretched polymer films can align liquid c rystal (LC) molecules to some extent. However, the orientation of LC molecules is not enough to be used in a display. Studying orientation of LC molecules on the surface of many polymer films, we have found that a certain kind of films showed superior alig

    ning
    capability for LC molecules without using alignment layers. LC cells with such film substrates showed good display characteristics and those films are very promising as low cost film substrates.

  • 深沢鉱床における下盤鉱化帯の構造
    山田 亮一, 橋口 博宣
    鉱山地質
    1982年 32 巻 173 号 215-224
    発行日: 1982/05/15
    公開日: 2009/06/12
    ジャーナル フリー
    Promising exploration margins around known kuroko deposits can well be evaluated in terms of the Na2O anomaly reported previously (HASHMOUCHC et al., 1981). In the present study, using 662 samples from 61 drill holes in the Fukazawa mine area, an attempt has been made to figure out statistically the metallic contents and their variations in the footwall mineralization zone, which is essentially included within the promising margin delimited from the Na2O anomaly. The results obtained are as follows.
    1) Two economically significant thresholds in metallic distribution can be set at Cu 0.07%, Pb 0.18% and Zn 0.29% as a lower limit and at Cu 0.5%, Pb 1.4% and Zn 3.1% as a higher one.
    2) The anomalous zones delimited by the lower thresholds are about two times as large as the presently known deposits in scale and are quite similar to them in both distribution and shape.
    3) The higher thresholds obtained are virtually the same as the experiential cut-off values for the "siliceous ores" of the mine.
    4) The "siliceous yellow ores" and the "siliceous black ores" appear to be different in their spatial distribution. The former tends to be predominated in the central portion of the mineralization zone and the latter in the peripheries of the zone.
    5) The footwall mineralization zone thus defined extends rather regionally along the NW-SE direction, which is in harmony with what are given from our knowledges of magnetic susceptibility anomaly, alteration zoning and distibutions of so-called "Fe-chert" and post-ore basalt flows.
  • 野口 孝博, 足達 富士夫
    日本建築学会計画系論文集
    1995年 60 巻 470 号 53-62
    発行日: 1995/04/30
    公開日: 2017/01/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    The object of this paper is to clarify the characteristics of changing process and mea
    ning
    of recent change of houses in Hokkaido. The main features are as follows ; 1. The typical plan type that the rooms are arranged around the living room centered in house,decreases greatly but conversely the hall-typed plan increases. 2. The form of the family's common space composed of living room, dining room and kitchen changes from rectangular type into complicated type. 3. We think that the causes of this change of plan type are mainly improvement in insulation and airtightness of house and change of living style,and so on.
  • 服部 克彦
    印度學佛教學研究
    1984年 33 巻 1 号 152-156
    発行日: 1984/12/25
    公開日: 2010/03/09
    ジャーナル フリー
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