Chromosome behavior, method of reproduction, fertility and morphological characteristics were studied in 48-chromosome plants derived from a 32-chromosome accession (PI 298996) of guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.). Multivalent associations were found at diakinesis and metaphase I which resulted in 33% of the microsporocytes having one or more laggards at anaphase I. Pollen stainability in I₂KI ranged from 65% to 85%. Embryo sac analyses indicated that plants reproduced by a high level of apomixis with some sexual embryo sac development which probably accounts for the occasional off-type plants produced. The 48-chromosome plants apparently originated from the fertilization of a 32-chromosome unreduced egg from an apomictic plant by a reduced 16-chromosome male gamete. The 32- and 48-chromosome plants were morphologically simlar. A 40-chromosome plant resulting from a reduced 24-chromosome egg fertilized by a 16-chromosome male gamete was also found among the open-pollinated offspring from a 48-chromosome plant. The discovery of a 48-chromosome plant in a 32-chromosome accession and a 40-chromosome plant in a 48-chromosome offspring are other examples of the influence of apomixis in formation and maintenance of new cytoypes in nature.

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In this study, a model for investigating lubricant depletion phenomenon in Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR) slider/disk system is developed using molecular dynamics simulation. The effect of laser moving velocity on lubricant temperature distribution is studied.

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In this paper, a new type of mechanism in a life testing machine for self-lubricating rod end spherical

bearing of a helicopter is proposed based on the main rotor structure and motion process of a single rotor helicopter with hinged blades. The forward displacement of the mechanism is analyzed by using coordinate transformation and a function relationship for rotation variation between inner and outer ring of testing bearing rotating around the radial and axial is gained; a novel life testing machine is accomplished based on the mechanism, and a 3 D model is built and the function curves are obtained with MATLAB. The function relationship is proved to be validity by contrasting with the motion simulation results. This life testing machine can simulate pitching and flapping motions of self-lubricating rod end spherical bearing of helicopter on the ground, and the research provides a theory basis for accurately applying the load on the testing bearing and boundary conditions for optimizing the mechanism structure.

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Carbon transport failure under drought may lead to tree die, which is an important issue to predict the future of forest under climate change. Our objective was to understand how differences in phloem anatomy affect its function under drought stress. The study was conducted in a nursery in France on 9 year-old beech saplings where two levels of drought stress were continuously applied for 2 years. Three trees of each treatment including control, were selected and 13C pulse labeling was conducted to see the carbon transfer through phloem. The cross-section area of sieve tubes, the thickness of inner bark and the sieve tube density were estimated using microphotographs. The average size of sieve tube’s section was smaller in trees under drought than in control. A 13C labeling experiment showed slower carbon transfer rates in the drought stress trees. We conclude that the differences in phloem anatomy accounted for higher resistance to the phloem transfer under drought.

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DARTS (Data ARchive and Transmission System) is the scientific satellite database developed and maintained by Center of Planning and Information Systems ( center) at ISAS/JAXA. We introduce the structure and functionality of DARTS. All the current ISAS satellite data and most of the historical data are maintained at DARTS, and users can freely download the highly processed data and publish scientific results.

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本研究の対象とする島根県東部の平野部では，過去の被害地震において震源から離れているにもかかわらず，被害が生じた地域であることが報告されている．その原因として地盤震動特性，地盤速度構造が少なからず影響したものと考えられる．そこで出雲平野および松江平野において微動アレイ観測および重力異常データに基づき推定された地盤構造について検討を行った．微動データによるS波速度構造と重力データによる2次元解析結果と比較すると，S波速度2000～2500m/s層までの深度と近い値を示すことが分かった．この結果を踏まえて3次元解析を行い，面的に基盤構造を把握することができた．

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It is suggested that insulin in blood circulates in two forms : a biologically active free form and a biologically inactive form which we called bound insulin or insulin complex. The properties of free insulin appear to be similar to those of crystalline insulin extracted from pancreas. Bound insulin, on the other hand, exhibits different physicochemical characteristics and is unreactive with anti-insulin antisera. Partially purified preparations of bound insulin have been obtained from human or animal sera by resin adsorption and elution. These preparations exhibit about a 300-fold protein purification. Further purification about 3,000-fold) can be achieved by Sephadex chromatography of these preparations.
Bound insulin preparations produced in vivo and in vivo biologic effects similar to those of crystalline insulin. The biologic effects of bound insulin have been studied on practically all the in vivo and in vivo systems available for the detection of small amounts of insulin. Since there is no evidence that substances other than insulin can produce the sum of these in vivo and in vivo effects of bound insulin we assumed that bound insulin activity represent true insulin activity.
Bound insulin may represent a metabolite of free insulin which is produced in vivo by the action of extrapancreatic tissues. Bound insulin is not generated in vitro by the addition of crystalline insulin in sera. Recent studies suggest that liver perfusion with crystalline insulin results in the production of bound insulin-like substances with properties similar to those of serum bound insulin. This is consistent with the suggestion that the liver may play an important role in the transformation of free to bound insulin. Total pancreatectomy in rats produced a significant decline in bound insulin concentrations.
Studies in nondiabetics suggest the possibility that insulin activity may be regulated through a dynamic balance between active, free and inactive, bound insulin. A malfunction of the biochemical mechanisms which regulate this balance at the tissue level may represent one of the primary lesions in the pathogenesis of some types of diabetes. Such a malfunction may cause increased transformation of free to bound insulin by extrapancreatic tissues and/or a decline in the rates of activation of bound insulin by the tissues of these patients. Inactive bound insulin, therefore, accumulates in the blood of these diabetics. This high concentration of bound insulin, in turn, may interfere with the normal clearance and utilization of the endogenous free or exogenous crystalline insulin.
In vivo studies indicate that adipose tissue extracts (ATE) can produce a significant decline in the blood glucose concentrations of adrenalectomized and hypophysectomized rats. Similar effects with ATE were produced in intact, spontaneously diabetic mice of the KK strain. The effect of ATE in these diabetic animals lasted 24 to 30 hours. The KK mice are considered to represent an inbred diabetic strain with features characterizing human diabetes of the maturity-onset type. It is suggested that the effect of ATE in these animals may result from the
In vivo activation by ATE of their circulating inactive bound insulin.

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　華北平野の地下水は過去数十年にわたり顕著な水位低下を起こしている．その原因は農地への大量の灌漑と都市部での多量の地下水汲み上げである．本報告では，帯水層の観点から地下水位低下を解釈するために，地下水位モニタリング記録と第四系岩相との比較対照を行った．この結果，地下水が豊富に含まれる箇所は，砂礫層がレンズ状に発達している地域に限定されることが判明した．一方，深層地下水の年代が10,000年以上古いと測定されている事から，地下水資源は化石資源と考えざるを得ないことが判明している．従って，現在と同じ速度で地下水の過剰生産を継続すると，地下水の消滅や顕著な水位低下による地盤沈下，水質悪化などの問題が生ずる．この問題を回避するためには，灌漑用水の効率的な使用と工業用水・家庭用水の浄化による再利用が不可欠である．

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This report reviews the ecological conditions among the environments in and around Tokyo during the period 1950-1954 and lists those bird species found abundantly in each habitat sector. It attempts to relate these species to month or season and shows numerical differences of each species listed both in a given habitat and in many cases in several habitats. The most adaptable species, such as the Tree Sparrow, were often the most populous species in several habitats or for several months. However abundant specialized species or migrants often dominated the numbers tallied when they were present. There were 157 species recorded during the four years. Among these 88 species were commonly seen in numbers great enough for analysis of distribution by month. There were 41 species included among those that made up the five most common birds in winter and 45 species in summer.

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大阪平野の沖積層（難波累層）中部に特徴的に発達する天満砂州堆積物について，地盤情報データベースによる解析とこれまでに報告されている ¹⁴Ｃ年代値や火山灰層などのデータから，その分布と層位を明らかにした．それによれば，天満砂州堆積物は，6000年前から5000年前の最高海面期にはすでに堆積しており，約8000年前以降の海進期に形成されたものである．天満砂州堆積物は砂礫からなる“砂嘴堆積物”である．それは，分布が細長いこと，前進堆積体であること，離水していたと考えられること，海面上昇に伴い陸側斜め上方に発達していること，波浪堆積構造が認められることからわかる．また，天満砂州に堆積物を供給した波食台あるいは波食棚と海食崖と考えられる古地形が，上町台地の西縁に認められることも，それを支持している．
天満砂州の発達は8000年前から7000年前のある時期の海面の急上昇というイベントを挟んで，2段階で行われた．最高海面期の天満砂嘴は，天満から長柄を経て淡路に至る地域に，幅100 m以下，長さ7～8 kmで発達していた．天満砂州は，その後の高海面期に沖側に前進する砂浜海岸や砂礫浜海岸へと変化してその幅を増していった．

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We analized the process involving self-excited vibration of the milling machine and tried to select the stable cutting condition by the simulation with analog computer. As the process involving self-excited vibration, a vibrating system of two directinos of vertical and table feed was considered and a system diagram based on regenerative effect was described. Then, the simulation circuit was composed on the analog computer using an equivalent vibrating system of the milling machine which was derived from the frequency response curve. The result coincided with the two kinds of self-excited vibrations at different frequencies caused in cutting experiment and with the stability diagram. As a result, using the analog computer as a simulator, it was made possible to select the best cutting condition never accompanied by self-excited vibrations.

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In this study, resin permeability of -woven composites is analyzed using a three-scale homogenization method. To this end, the three-scale homogenization method is developed to analyze the resin flow through both the structures of fiber bundles and the fibers in fiber bundles, and the mesoscopic and macroscopic resin permeability. To evaluate the validity of this method, resin permeability and characteristic flow velocity of -woven glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) are analyzed. In addition, effects of laminate misalignment of fabrics on the resin permeability of -woven GFRP are also investigated by changing periodic boundary conditions for the mesoscopic unit cell. The results prove that the present method can analyze the resin permeability of -woven composites and the effects of laminate misalignment. Moreover, laminate misalignment is one of the important factors to affect characteristic flow velocity and macroscopic permeability of fabrics.

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In this study, creep analysis of

-woven glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) laminates using a triple-scale homogenization method is conducted. In the triple-scale homogenization method, first, an analysis model is defined, in which a -woven laminate is regarded as a macro structure, fabrics and a matrix as a meso structure, fibers and a matrix in fiber bundles as a micro structure. Then, a nonlinear time-dependent homogenization theory is applied to the macro/meso and meso/micro problems, respectively. This method can directly take into account not only the creep properties of fiber bundles but also those of fibers and matrix materials in the fiber bundles. Using the present method, creep analysis of -woven GFRP (E-glass/epoxy) laminates subjected to on-axis (0°) and off-axis (15°, 30°, 45°) loading is performed at 25°C and 80°C, respectively. It is shown that the present method can take into account the effects of creep behavior of the epoxy in fiber bundles on the macroscopic creep properties of the -woven GFRP laminates. It is also shown that the temperature change greatly affects the creep behavior of the laminates.

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In this study, the elastic-viscoplastic behavior of -woven GFRP laminates in which fabrics are stacked with misalignment is analyzed using a homogenization theory. For this, a novel boundary condition for unit cell analysis is proposed based on the periodicity and point-symmetry of internal structures in -woven laminates. Using the boundary condition, the homogenization theory for non-linear time-dependent composites developed by the authors is rebuilt for -woven laminates with misaligned fabrics. As an application of the present theory, the elastic-viscoplastic analysis of -woven glass fiber/epoxy laminates with misaligned fabrics is performed.

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