Urogenital sinus (UGS) malformation, also known as persistent urogenital sinus (

), is a rare congenital malformation of the urogenital system. It arises when the urethra and vaginal opening fail to form properly in the vulva and fuse incorrectly. can occur as an isolated abnormality or as part of a complex syndrome, and is frequently associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). The management of is not well-established, and there are no standardized guidelines on when to perform surgery or how to follow up with patients over the long term. In this review, we discuss the embryonic development, clinical evaluation, diagnosis, and management of . We also review case reports and research findings to explore best practices for surgery and follow-up care, in hopes of increasing awareness of and improving patient outcomes.

抄録全体を表示

Canine necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) is characterized by autoantibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs). To clarify the time-course changes in autoantibodies, serial examinations were conducted in three dogs with NME (two and a Pomeranian) that were treated by immunosuppressive therapy. The retained high autoantibody titers throughout the observation periods (146 and 813 days) and died with neurological signs. On the other hand, the Pomeranian switched from being positive for autoantibody to negative after day 580, and its NME seemed to be in clinical remission until death on day 1238. Therefore, the anti-GFAP autoantibodies can be detected over time in canine NME even during immunosuppressive therapies. However, the autoantibodies can also disappear within a certain period after onset.

抄録全体を表示

Thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation (TL-IVDH) with caudal articular process anomalies has been reported in

. It currently remains unclear whether congenital caudal articular process aplasia/hypoplasia predisposes to the development of TL-IVDH. However, there are difficulties in proving the causal relationship between caudal articular process anomalies and TL-IVDH. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of TL-IVDH at the vertebral space containing anomalous and normal caudal articular processes in . Fifty-seven were eligible to be included in this study. Caudal articular process aplasia/hypoplasia affected 52/57 (91.2%) dogs. The caudal articular process anomalies were most frequently located between T10 and T13. Colocalization of caudal articular process aplasia/hypoplasia and TL-IVDH was detected in 11 dogs (19.3%). The prevalence of TL-IVDH at vertebral spaces containing abnormal caudal articular processes was 12.3%, whereas the prevalence of TL-IVDH at vertebral spaces containing normal articular processes was 2.4%. With the increase in the number of vertebrae with caudal articular process anomalies, the prevalence of TL-IVDH also increased. The results of this study suggested the prevalence of caudal articular process anomalies was high in . The caudal articular process anomalies could be associated with TL-IVDH. A large cohort is needed to prove the causal relationship between caudal articular process anomalies and TL-IVDH.

抄録全体を表示

To examine the prevalence of autoantibody in canine cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs), CSFs were collected from 14 healthy controls and 88 clinical cases with various diseases in the central nervous system (CNS), and were analyzed by an indirect fluorescence antibody test on frozen sections of the cerebrum from normal Beagle dogs. An anti-astrocyte autoantibody was detected in 31 clinical cases with titers ranging from 1:1 to ≥1:100. All tested cases with necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME: n=22) and granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME: n=3) possessed the anti-astrocyte autoantibody, while the autoantibody was negative in most cases with other inflammatory CNS diseases. The autoantibody was also detected in 4 of 12 cases with brain tumors. Hence, examination of the autoantibody in the canine CFS would be significant for diagnosing NME and/or GME, as well as for understanding peritumoral events in cases with brain tumors.

抄録全体を表示

Idiopathic non-infectious meningoencephalomyelitis (NIME), which is thought to be an immune-mediated disease, is a common inflammatory disease in dogs. Meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin (MUO), a subgroup of NIME, consists of necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME), necrotizing leukoencephalitis, and granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis. Recent studies have shown associations between disease development and dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) class II genes in NME in

and in NIME in Greyhounds. This study focused on Chihuahuas, which have a high incidence of MUO and are one of the most common dog breeds in Japan. Because the development of MUO seems to be associated with DLA class II genes, we aimed to evaluate the association between DLA class II genes and MUO development in Chihuahuas. Blood samples were obtained from 22 Chihuahuas with MUO (MUO group) and 46 without neurological diseases (control). The allele sequences of three DLA class II loci were determined, and haplotypes were estimated from these data. In total, 23 haplotypes were detected. The frequency of one haplotype (DLA-DRB1*015:01--DQA1*006:01--DQB1*023:01) was significantly higher in the MUO group than in the control group (odds ratio, 7.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.37–36.81; P=0.0141). The results suggest that the development of MUO in Chihuahuas may be associated with DLA class II genes. Because the identified risk haplotypes differed from those of other breeds, the pathogenesis of NIME-related diseases may differ among dog breeds.

抄録全体を表示

カシミールからE.emikoaeとE.aspedabilis,パキスタンからE.emittensとE.subolivaceaという4新種を記載した.

抄録全体を表示

The incidence of primary and secondary glaucoma in dogs was investigated. A total of 1244 dogs received ophthalmologic examinations, including tonometry and gonioscopy. Goniophotographs were taken using a goniolens to evaluate the iridocorneal angle (ICA) as well as pectinate ligament (PL). The anterior width of the ciliary cleft and the total distance from the origin of the PL to the anterior corneal surface were measured from the goniophotographs. Glaucoma was diagnosed based on the cupping of the optic nerve head, clinical signs, ocular changes, and high IOP, and it was synchronized with gonioscopic grades to differentiate between primary and secondary glaucoma. We investigated 1244 dogs of 29 breeds, including the mixed breed; among these, glaucoma was diagnosed in 127 dogs (162 eyes). Of 162 eyes, primary glaucoma was diagnosed in 129 eyes and secondary glaucoma in 33 eyes. Shiba Inu dogs (42 dogs, 33%) showed the highest incidence of glaucoma, followed by Shih-Tzu (21 dogs, 16.5%). Furthermore, all the glaucomatous Shiba Inu dogs had primary glaucoma with abnormal ICA grades and dysplastic PLs. The findings of our study reveal that the Shiba Inu breed in Japan may have a hereditary predisposition to glaucoma.

抄録全体を表示

This study aimed to prospectively assess nasopharyngeal luminal changes in brachycephalic dogs without respiratory signs using cervical radiography. Forty brachycephalic dogs without cardiopulmonary diseases were included. The nasopharyngeal luminal change was calculated on inspiratory and expiratory cervical lateral radiographs. The median nasopharyngeal luminal change was 21.6% (range, 0.3–85.6%). In five dogs, a nasopharyngeal luminal change of >50% was identified. There was no correlation between nasopharyngeal luminal changes and age, sex, body weight, or body condition score. These results suggest that brachycephalic dogs without cardiopulmonary diseases may be over-diagnosed with partial pharyngeal collapse. Further studies comparing nasopharyngeal luminal changes between clinically healthy brachycephalic dogs and dogs with respiratory signs are warranted.

抄録全体を表示

Cutaneous tumors are commonly found in dogs. To date, few studies have investigated the epidemiology of canine cutaneous tumors in Asian countries. The present study aims to report the prevalence of canine cutaneous tumors in Japan, and assess the association of breed, age, sex, and anatomical locations with the development of common tumor types. A total of 1,435 cases of cutaneous tumors were examined, of which 813 (56.66%) cases were malignant, and 622 (43.34%) were benign. Soft tissue sarcomas (18.40%), mast cell tumor (16.24%), lipoma (9.69%), hair follicle tumors (9.34%), and benign sebaceous tumors (8.50%) outnumbered the other tumor types. Tumors were commonly found on the head (13.87%), hindlimb (10.52%), forelimb (8.01%), chest (5.78%), and neck (5.57%). The risk of developing cutaneous tumors increased significantly in dogs aged 11-year and above (P<0.001). Mixed-breed dogs (14.63%), Miniature Dachshund (9.90%), and Labrador Retriever (8.01%) were the three most presented breeds; while Boxer, Bernese Mountain Dog, and Golden Retriever had an increased risk of cutaneous tumor development in comparison to mixed-breed dogs (P<0.05). Epidemiological information from the present study will serve as a useful reference for regional veterinarians to establish a preliminary diagnosis of canine cutaneous tumors.

抄録全体を表示

メラニン生成抑制物質である4-（4-ヒドロキシフェニル）-2-ブタノール（商品名：ロドデノール）誘発性脱色素斑症例に対し，一次，二次調査に続いて三次全国疫学調査を行い981票について集計した．脱色素斑の経過は82％が軽快以上，16％は不変または悪化と回答．紫外線治療の効果について51％が有効と回答．同時に施行した紫外線治療アンケート調査で，顔と頸部については週1回の定期照射が有効であることが示唆された．患者アンケートでも紫外線治療を受けた患者の63％が，その治療効果について有効と回答した．

抄録全体を表示

It is well-established that school feeding program (SFP) has been provided significant nutritional and health beneficial effects to student namely. SFP or school meal services program without nutritionist have lack of food delivery system, nutrient quality and health promotion. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the influence of nutritionist-based food service delivery system on food and nutrient quality of school lunch program in primary school. Methods: This study used cross-sectional design in two primary school in Indonesia that use different models of SFP (on-site (public-owned-public-managed) kitchen, off-site (ready-to-eat foods will be taken to school, preparation, cooking and sprinkling processes are carried out outside the school (catering)). Comparison analysis was done by using t-test independent. Results: We found that food service on-site model with nutritionist (Al Muslim) in school meal service, menu quality and hygiene sanitation better than Al Hidayah primary school (catering without nutritionist). The adequacy of nutrients particularly protein, calcium and iron in Al Hidayah students was significantly different than Al Muslim student (p-value<0.05). Conclusion: Primary school need to collaborate with nutritionist to plan the menu and food service system to achieve optimal nutritional status.

抄録全体を表示

Pharyngeal collapsibility has been used as diagnostic criteria in dogs, whereas the normal range and quantitative method have not been studied. Dynamic and static computed tomography (CT) was performed in 23 normal Beagle dogs to quantify the nasopharyngeal collapsibility at different locations. Using dynamic CT, maximum and minimum nasopharyngeal cross-sectional areas (CSAs) were measured at the level of the cranial end of the soft palate, pterygoid hamulus, foramen lacerum, bony labyrinth, and caudal end of the soft palate. The ratio of all maximum and minimum CSA to nasopharyngeal CSA at the level of the caudal hard palate (rCSAmax and rCSAmin) and the nasopharyngeal collapsibility were calculated. The differences of rCSAmax, rCSAmin, and nasopharyngeal collapsibility were analyzed at various locations. The nasopharyngeal collapsibility at the level of foramen lacerum, bony labyrinth, and caudal end of soft palate were higher than the others. At the level of the caudal end of the soft palate, rCSAmin was lower than that of the foramen lacerum and bony labyrinth, whereas rCSAmax at foramen lacerum was higher than that of the caudal end of the soft palate. These results indicated that the nasopharynx at the level of foramen lacerum and caudal end of the soft palate were considered notable locations for evaluating collapsibility. Dynamic CT could show the nasopharyngeal dynamic profile and will be an adequate modality for evaluating nasopharynx. Our results will be helpful for further comparative studies in dogs with and without nasopharyngeal collapse.

抄録全体を表示

The double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV) is a rare congenital cardiac disease in dogs, and its detailed epidemiological and morphological features are not clearly understood. By investigating the profile, clinical signs, and characteristics of examination findings of eleven dogs with DCRV by means of a retrospective study, we attempted to clarify the epidemiology and morphology of the condition. The study group consisted of nine males and two females. Breeds included Pug (n=3), Miniature Dachshund (n=1), French Bull-dog (n=1), Shiba (n=1), and Retrievers (n=5). The attachment site of the anomalous muscular bundle was continuous with the cardiac apex in nine dogs, and it was attached to the right ventricle free wall in the other two dogs. In dogs with DCRV, at least one of the following conditions was present concurrently: congenital or acquired tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR), ventricular septal defect, and atrial septal defect. Also, the pressure difference between the two chambers increased over time, and progressive right-sided heart failure was observed. In summary, DCRV occurs in small breeds of dog as well as in large breeds of dog and it may be more prevalent in males. The existence of two types of DCRV in dogs was established. Dog with DCRVs will have a high incidence of concurrent cardiac abnormalities. Concurrent TR may be either congenital or acquired. DCRV is a congenital disorder, but the clinical condition progresses as the dog develops.

抄録全体を表示

Difficulty in airway management during anesthesia was noted in a 10-year-old, castrated, male Pekingese dog and a 13-year-old male French Bulldog. They showed strong resistance during tracheal tube insertion through the subglottic lumen. Therefore, the airway was secured by using a small endotracheal tube or supraglottic airway device. Computed tomography scan revealed a markedly narrower vertical dimension of the cricoid cartilage compared to that seen in common brachycephalic breeds. Posterior glottis was relatively more accessible for translaryngeal intubation in the present cases. Our findings showed that brachycephalic airway syndrome may be associated with narrow cricoid cartilage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first clinical case report of airway management during anesthesia in dogs with narrow cricoid cartilage.

抄録全体を表示

A 3-year-old, intact female Pomeranian presented with a 1-month history of coughing. Thoracic radiography showed focal infiltration of the left cranial lung lobe and widening of the cranial mediastinum. Subsequent computed tomography revealed torsion of the caudal segment of the left cranial lung lobe, which was confirmed by exploratory thoracotomy. There was no apparent underlying etiology for the condition. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of lung lobe torsion in this breed and the first detailed CT imaging report for segmental lung lobe torsion.

抄録全体を表示

Cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs) from 9 Pug dogs with necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME: Pug dog encephalitis) were examined to identify the antigens for anti-astrocyte autoantibodies. Each CSF exhibited a positive reaction to the cytoplasm of cultured canine astrocytes by an indirect fluorescent antibody test. In an immunoblotting analysis on normal canine brain proteins, eight of 9 CSFs showed a common band of 52 kDa, corresponding to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and all of 9 CSFs reacted with purified bovine GFAP. From these results, GFAP is one of the common autoantigens in Pug dogs with NME. On the other hand, the reactivity of CSFs to chymotrypsin-digested bovine GFAP fragments were variable among dogs, indicating that the antibodies in the CSFs recognized different epitopes on GFAP.

抄録全体を表示

To evaluate the ability of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) concentration as a diagnostic marker for canine central nervous system (CNS) disorders, sera from dogs with various CNS (n=47) and non-CNS (n=56) disorders were measured for GFAP by using an ELISA kit. Healthy Beagles (n=15) and Pug dogs (n=12) were also examined as controls. Interestingly, only Pug dogs with necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) showed elevated serum GFAP concentrations (<0.01 to 1.14 ng/ml), while other breeds of dogs with NME did not. Among the Pug dogs with NME, serum GFAP concentrations did not correlate with their clinical features, such as ages or survival times. Our data indicate the usefulness of serum GFAP as a novel marker for Pug dogs with NME.

抄録全体を表示

本研究は，塔型固気混相装置の典型例として循環流動層（CFB）を選び，そのライザ縮流部における下降粒子抑制最低ガス速度（クリティカル速度）の実験的データ収集と定式化を目的としている．ガラスビーズを循環粒子として用い，CFBライザ縮流部での下降粒子量のガス流速に対する変遷を，粒子供給量を変化させて実験的に調べた．クリティカル速度の定式化は，著者らの提唱する均一径粒子が鉛直方向珠状にならぶとした理想的粒子クラスタモデルであるグローイングチエインモデル（GCM）と，粒度分布を考慮したレバイストGCM（RGCM）により行った．粒径範囲の異なる（125–280μm，90–225μm，28–90μm）循環粒子による実験結果から，クリティカル速度は粒子供給量に対し直線的に増加し，その傾きは循環粒子の粒度分布によらずほぼ一定であることが確認された．外挿にて求めた粒子供給量ゼロでのクリティカル速度と，GCMならびにRGCMによる無限粒子連鎖終末速度理論値を比較したところ，この両者にも直線関係が得られた．以上よりクリティカル速度は，粒子供給量と無限粒子連鎖終末速度理論値の線形式として表すことができた．RGCMの無限粒子連鎖終末速度理論値を用いたクリティカル速度理論式は，粒径範囲が28–280μmの循環粒子によるクリティカル速度実験値をも±10%以内の誤差で表現でき，その妥当性が示された．

抄録全体を表示

昨年 (2007年) 11月に「アレルギー疾患診断・治療ガイドライン」(日本アレルギー学会編) が新しく発刊された¹⁾. アレルギー疾患は一個体に数種の疾患が合併して発症することが多く, 臨床医が専門外の他診療科のガイドラインも知る必要があることから, 今回は“統合型のガイドライン”として作成された. 当然のことであろうが, ガイドラインの中での治療に関しては薬物治療が大きな位置を占めている. 薬物治療では個々の症例に応じたテーラーメイド治療が最終目標となるが, そのための適正使用に必要な, 現時点での標準的・平均的治療法が記されている. 今回は成人気管支喘息, 小児気管支喘息, アレルギー性鼻炎, アレルギー性結膜炎, アトピー性皮膚炎, 食物アレルギーの6疾患について述べられている. 本稿ではガイドラインで取り上げられているアレルギー治療薬についての「現状と将来」について述べる.

抄録全体を表示

  Pugc is a unique glutathione S-transferase subunit species that is absent in normal pumpkin plants, but GST3c (homodimer of Pugc) accumulates in cultured pumpkin cells treated with 40 ppm 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid for six days. GST3c was purified by DEAE-cellulose, hydroxylapatite, and S-hexylglutathione-agarose column chromatography, and its homogeneity was confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis. The specific activity of GST3c was 124 μmol/min/mg protein with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. This was higher than those of the other plant and animal glutathione S-transferases. Mouse antiserum raised against the purified GST3c recognized only Pugc, but not Puga, Pugb, nor Pugd when the reactivity of pumpkin glutathione S-transferase subunits was tested.

抄録全体を表示