Indian women often report premature exhaustion in the lower limb while performing the Harvard step test (HST) for measurement of physical fitness index (PFI) whereas they can easily perform the Queen's college step test (). 155 sedentary females of 19-24 years were selected for the study from Institute of Dental Sciences, UP, India to evaluate the applicability of as an alternative of HST. They were divided into study group (n=100) and confirmatory group (n=55). All subjects performed comfortably but 35 (20 from study group and 15 from confirmatory group) of them could not properly perform the HST due to premature fatigue in their legs and therefore these 35 subjects were discarded from the study. Existence of significant correlation (r =-0.90, P <0.001) between PFI and heart rate depicted the following prediction norm for PFI from heart rate : Y=195.06-3.09 X (SEE=3.09). Prediction of PFI by this norm in the confirmatory group showed insignificant variation with the directly measured value from the HST. Bland and Altman's analysis also indicated that norm predicts the PFI with 95% confidence interval. Moreover, is easy to perform and the derived norm from predicted the PFI score with substantially small standard error of estimate. Therefore, is recommended as a valid and authentic test for evaluating PFI in young sedentary females of Uttar Pradesh, India.

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Quantitive Computed Tomography () is one of the most successful method in determining bone mineral content of the spine.
Lumbar mineral contents of one hundred patients (thirty-one males and sixty-nine females) were determined by the method.
Following results were obtained.
1) In the female patients, bone mineral content of the lumbar spine severely decreased to marginal value of abnormality, boundary of their anomeria.
2) Bone mineral contents of the cases of trochanteric fractures were less than the cases of femoral neck fracture.
3) The results of method were related to the classification system on plain x-ray photographs.

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Quantitative Computed Tomography () is one of the most successful method in determining bone mineral content of the spine.
Lumbar mineral content of seventy-one patients (twenty-two cases were male and forty-nine were female) were determined by the method. TCT 70-A CT and BMAS for the CaCO3 calibration phantom were used in spine technique.
Following results were obtained.
1) Bone minerl contents of the lumbar spine decreased in the aged, especially in the females.
2) Bone mineral contents in the cases of femoral neck fracture were less than those in the cases of trochanteric fractures, in the aged.

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The aim of this study was to assess the measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) by quantitative computed tomography (), comparing the relationships of BMD between and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and between and radiographic absorptiometry (RA) in the metacarpal bone of Holstein dairy cows (n=27). A significant positive correlation was found between and DXA measurements (r=0.70, P<0.01), and a significant correlation was found between and RA measurements (r=0.50, P<0.01). We conclude that provides quantitative evaluation of BMD in dairy cows, because BMD measured by showed positive correlations with BMD measured by the two conventional methods: DXA and RA.

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Many radiographic methods of determining bone density have been available for many years.
We have used microdensitometry (MD) and quantitative computed tomography (), on the grounds that MD measures cortical bone density and can be used to directly measure the trabecular bone.
We measured the vertebral body using CaCO₃ phantom and the 2nd metacarpal bone with MD in 40 osteoporotic women, and compared with two methods in this paper.
Correlation coefficient with CaCO₃ value was 0.4809 for MCI (p<0.01), 0.5828 for GSmax (p<0.01), 0.6441 for SigmaGS/D (p<0.01).
There was good correlation between the indicies of MD and the CaCO₃ value of .

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血液透析患者21名のL2-L4の骨塩量をquantitative computed tomography () 法, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) 法の2つの測定方法で測定し, 以下の結果を得た.
1) DXA法と法 (海綿骨部, および皮質骨部), 法における海綿骨部と皮質骨部との対比ではいずれも良好な正の相関が得られた. 2) 年齢と骨塩量との間では, 男女ともほぼ負の相関で一致し, 法において海綿骨部での相関が強く認められた. 3) 透析歴と骨塩量の関係では, 男性では法による海綿骨骨塩量との間で有意な正の相関が得られた. 4) 閉経後年数と骨塩量の関係では, 法により海綿骨部, 皮質骨部ともに負の相関が得られた. 5) 各種血中骨代謝parameterと骨塩量とでは有意な相関を示さなかった.
以上より, 慢性血液透析患者の骨塩量測定 (L2-L4) にはDXA法, 法いずれも良好な相関が認められたが, 法の方が海綿骨部, 皮質骨部の変化をより詳細に把握できる利点があると判断された.

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Bone mineral density (BMD) is one of the indications of the strength and health. BMD measured by quantitative computed tomography () was compared with that measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and radiographic bone aluminum equivalence (RBAE). Limbs were removed from horses that had been euthanized for reasons not associated with this study. Sixteen limbs (left and right metacarpals and metatarsals) from 4 horses were used to compare BMD as measured by with those measured by DXA and RBAE. There was a strong correlation between BMD values measured by and those measured by DXA (R²=0.85); correlation was also observed between values obtained by and those obtained by RBAE (R²=0.61). To investigate changes in BMD with age, 37 right metacarpal bones, including 7 from horses euthanized because of fracture were examined by . The BMD value of samples from horses dramatically increased until 2 years of age and then plateaued, a pattern similar to the growth curve. The BMD values of bone samples from horses euthanized because of fracture were within the population range, and samples of morbid fracture were not included. The relationship between BMD and age provides a reference for further quantitative studies of bone development and remodeling. Quantitative measurement of BMD using may have great potential for the evaluation of bone biology for breeding and rearing management.

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This study aimed to demonstrate the higher accuracy and reproducibility of quantitative computed tomography (

) compared with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a gold standard for measuring canine bone mineral density (BMD). Seven middle-aged beagle dogs underwent lumbar vertebral and bilateral femoral DXA and scans. BMD (mg/cm²) was measured at the vertebral body from L2 to L6, femoral neck, and proximal and distal femoral diaphyses. The BMD values were measured 3 times and compared. The BMD value on was higher than that on DXA for femoral BMD but not for vertebral BMD. The correlation was strong for the lumbar vertebrae (r=0.66) and was strongest for L3 (r=0.85). No correlation was found for the femoral neck (P=0.35), and only moderate correlations were found for the proximal and distal femoral diaphyses (r=0.43 and r=0.40, respectively). The limits of agreement were narrower for vertebral BMD than for femoral BMD, and L3 had the narrowest limits of agreement. The intraclass correlation (ICC) was higher for DXA than for at all lumbar and femoral sites measured, but the ICC of was higher than 0.7. In conclusion, L3 can be used to monitor changes in BMD, and relative values and sequential monitoring of femoral BMD can also be useful because of the high reproducibility of measurements. would be a useful technique for evaluation of BMD in veterinary practice.

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多野総合病院外科外来で胃切除術後の経過観察症例を対象に, アンケート, 法, DIP法を用いて, 術後の骨代謝障害につき検討した結果, 以下のことが明らかとなった.
(1) アンケートによる胃切除後の骨代謝に関する愁訴発現症例の頻度は50%以上と極めて高かった.
(2) 法によるCaCO₃量低下症例の発現頻度は胃切除後で35.0%, 他の手術後で6.5%と前者で高かった.
(3) DIP法による胃切除後の骨塩低下症例の発現頻度は, ΣGS/Dで50.0%であった.
(4) 骨代謝障害時, 簡便な血清学的なスクリーニング法としては, Rapid turnover proteinの測定が有用となる.
(5) 骨塩測定は, 時間的制約, 患者負担及び被曝線量の面を考慮すると, DIP法異常例に法を行うのが望ましい.

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Many new techniques have been used to quantitatively assess the bone mass and mineral content of skeletal bone. In the maxillofacial region, we used aluminum equivalent images of intraoral dental film for quantitative assessment of mandible bone. Images were digitized by a TV and computer system.
This study evaluated the accuracy of conversion to mass (g) from aluminum-equivalent value (mm), and compared this technique with other methods, such as bone attenuation by γ-ray and quantitative CT (). Conversion to mass (g) from aluminum-equivalent images using aluminum mesh, CaCO₃ phantom and bone slice segment was highly accurate.
High correlation was found between γ-ray attenuation and aluminum-equivalent images. Concerning , a slight scattering of values due to difficulties in obtaining the same setting in the sampling area was noted.

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ハイパーサーミアによるガン治療は今日広く用いられているが, ガン細胞は温熱暴露により熱ショック蛋白質の誘導による温熱耐性を生じる.植物由来のフラボノイドの1種であるケルセチンは温熱による熱ショック蛋白質の誘導を阻害することが報告されている.そこで, 本研究ではハイパーサーミアによる殺細胞効果およびアポトーシス誘導効果に対するケルセチン前処理の影響をマウス乳がん由来のFM3A細胞において検討した.ケルセチン (10μM) 処理1時間あるいは43℃温熱暴露1時間によるFM3A細胞の増殖抑制効果は比較的乏しく, それぞれ34%および55%の抑制であった.ケルセチン前処理とハイパーサーミアの併用により増殖抑制は相乗的に増強された (90%の抑制).ケルセチン単独あるいは温熱単独によるコロニー形成抑制効果は56%, 41%であったのに対して, 両者の併用により抑制効果は80%に達した.各処理により処理後の時間依存性にアポトーシスが誘導された.ケルセチン単独では3.2±0.2% (1時間後), 4.6±0.5% (6時間後), 8.6±2.8% (24時間後), 温熱単独では3.4±0.1%, 5.1±0.3%, 10.1±3.1%の細胞にアポトーシスの誘導が見られたのに対して, 両者の併用により4.9±0.7%, 9.6±1.5%, 18.1±4.3%とアポトーシスの増強効果が認められた (対照細胞のアポトーシス : 2.0±0.1%).ケルセチン単独, 温熱単独のいずれも, 増殖抑制効果, アポトーシス誘導効果ともに有効ではないことが示された.また, ケルセチンとハイパーサーミアの併用によりG₂/M期とS期の細胞の増加, G₀/G₁期の細胞の減少が見られた.ケルセチン前処理によるハイパーサーミアの殺細胞効果の増強はおそらくケルセチンの熱ショック蛋白質誘導抑制効果, 温熱耐性誘導抑制効果によると思われる.ハイパーサーミア抵抗性のガン治療における補助併用薬剤としてのケルセチンの有用性が示唆された.

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Objective Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) using a one-way endobronchial valve (EBV) can provide clinically meaningful benefits to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Although the Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency approved EBVs in November 2022, information regarding the number of Japanese patients with severe COPD eligible for BLVR treatment is still lacking. We therefore screened computed tomography (CT) images of patients with severe COPD using a quantitative CT (

) analysis to estimate the proportion of candidates eligible for BLVR treatment with an EBV.

Methods CT scans of COPD patients with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stages 3 and 4 were retrospectively analyzed using

to evaluate fissure integrity and tissue destruction. The difference in volume-weighted percentage was measured using the density scores of the target lobe and ipsilateral non-target lobe at -910 Hounsfield units. The target lobe was defined as the most affected lobe, with an emphysema destruction score of >50% for each patient.

Results High-resolution CT scans of 32 patients (GOLD 3=19, GOLD 4=13) were analyzed. The target lobe could not be identified in 1 patient, whereas the target lobes for 8 patients were not surrounded by fissures with ≥80% completeness. Conversely, in 13 patients, the target lobes were surrounded by fissures with >95% completeness. The remaining 10 patients had fissure completeness between 80% and 95% at the target lobes and were considered candidates for collateral ventilation assessment.

Conclusion A

analysis showed that 23 of 32 patients with severe COPD could be considered for a thorough examination of BLVR treatment with EBV.

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Aging societies have an increased incidence of fractures caused by osteoporosis.Vertebral compression fractures occur most frequently in the thoracolumbar vertebrae of elderly individuals. The severe pain caused by this type of fracture causes many patients to become bedridden. However, the initial pain generally diminishes after around 1 month and is replaced by dull pain in the lumbar and lumbosacral regions. We carried out a cross-sectional and longitudinal study of these fractures in 328 female outpatients with osteoporosis. All subjects initially presented at our hospital with back pain and bone mineral density measurements were taken using both dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and quantitative computed tomography. Our main findings were as follows. Decreased BMD appears to be one cause of vertebral body deformities. However, we found it difficult to predict whether deformities will progress or cause additional deformities of adjacent vertebral bodies, because the key contributing factors include not only BMD and age but also lifestyle and activity patterns. In addition, none of the drug administration methods investigated here resulted in a notable increase in BMD.

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CaCO₃を標準物質としたsingle energy quantitative CT (SEQCT) を用い, 日本人のhospital contro1児 (contro1児) 28例および骨代謝障害疑い29例において第3腰椎海綿骨骨塩量の測定を計58回行い, 次の結果を得た.
1) contro1男児では0から15歳まで値の年齢依存性を認めず, ほぼ一定であった (5歳未満: 221.8±30.2mgCaCO3/cm³, 5-9歳: 218.1±39.7mgCaCO₃/cm³, 10-14歳: 217.2±30.9mgCaCO₃/cm3). 女児についても0から9歳までは同様の傾向と思われたが (5歳未満: 2209±18.3mgCaCO₃/cm³, 5-9歳: 240.0±29.4mgCaCO₃/cm³, 10-14歳: 152mg CaCO₃/cm³), 症例を重ねて更に検討する必要があると思われた.
2) 寝たきり群, ステロイド剤使用群, 抗痙攣剤使用群はcontrol児群に比し有意に低値を示した (p<0.005).
3) 寝たきり群, ステロイド剤使用群および抗痙攣剤使用群の3群間比較では, 寝たきり群がステロイド剤使用群および抗痙攣剤使用群より有意に低下していた (それぞれp<0.05, p<0.005). これらの結果は, SEQCTが小児での臨床応用に非常に有用であることを裏付けると思われた.

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