Biological characters of S-type of L.acidophilus were compared with those of -.
Standard strains of S-type and - were always stable on the standard medium of S. H. I. plate of PH. 5.0. On stained smears, S-type organism were seen to be moderate in size and rod shaped appearing either in single or in a chain of ?-3 bacilli. On the contrary, - bacilli were appeared to be long steady chains.
Homogeneous saline suspension was easily obtained from the S-type, but with the colony of - it was necessary to use glass-beads for grinding and keeping still for a while to obtain a turbid supernatant.
Behaviors of S-type were different from those of -, likewise the case of enteric bacteria, in the following reactions : salt sensitivity, Millon's reaction, heavy metal ion reaction, trypaflavin sensitivity, and growth in the broth.
However no appreciable difference was observed between S-type and - in the carbohydrate fermentation, final pH, reduction of nitrate, catalase reaction, bile resistance and in the reaction to the heating at 60°C for 30 minutes.
In general, S-type was stable in the acid side and unstable in the alkaline. In the alkaline side, it showed SR-or - appearance though there was some difference in the manner by the strain used and the kind of acids used to adjust the pH of the medium. - is unstable in the acid side, but stable in the alkaline side.
Relationship between S-type and - was observed on the plate added with immune serum. No remarkable change was observed in the appearance of colony between the plate added with homologous immune serum and that with heterologous immune serum except that both - and S-type showed a tendency to shift to SR-type on the plate added with heterologous immune serum.
From the above findings, it was concluded that S-type is quite different from - in various biological characters as is the case with enteric bacteria, furthermore, the designation of of type S- or R-should be made under the standard conditions stated already.

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- of L. acidophilus is sensitive to saline and trypaflavine, reacts positive to Millon's reagent and heavy metal ions and forms granular or rough colony, making chains of various lengths. These characters are not seen in S-type. It is the purpose of this paper to study the cell-wall components of S-type and - to see the difference between them, if any.
Following results were obtained.
1. The polysaccharides obtained from the cell wall of S-type and - showed the similar sedimentation curves with 2 peaks each other in the ultra centrifugation analysis.
2. Employing the polysaccharides prepared by the author, no difference of antigenity was found between S-type and - by the agar-gel-diffusion technic of Ouchterlony, in which only a single precipitation line was found.
3. Both in S-type and -, the monosaccharides of the cell wall were proved to be galactose, mannose, xylose, rhamnose and glucosamine. However the amount of rhammose of - seemed to be much smaller than that of S-type.
As reviewed in the previous paper, it was possible to find several differences in the biological characters between S-Type and - of L. acidophilus. Besides, it was difficult to find any difference in the cell-wall components between the two types even by using highly purified polysaccharides in the precipitation reaction and paperchromatographic analysis. Minor difference in rhamnose concentration between them, however, leads us to suspect that some change may occur in the composition of some carbohydrate of the cell wall when S-type mutates to -.

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S-type of Z 27, Z 29 and - of Z 29 designated by this author were isolated from the strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus and their immunological characters were investigated by precipitation reaction both with so-called carbohydrate-antigen of Lancefield and with ordinary agglutination reaction.
As the result of these experiments, following points were clarified :
1. In precipitation reaction, no particular difference was observed whether the serum and the antigen are in homologous relation or in heterologous one.
Howerer very slight lowering of the titre was observed in the reaction between S-type antigen and - serum or between - antigen and S-type serum.
2. In agglutination reaction, no particular difference was observed in the titre among different strains of the species and between S-type antigen and - serum or - antigen and Stype serum.

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