The stromal surface of the myoepithelial cells of normal and contracting status in the rat Harderian gland has been studied by SEM after removal of the connective tissue elements by HC1 and collagenase. The flattened myoepithelial cell has an elongated central perikaryon from which radiate out 6 to 9 broad primary processes bifurcating two or three times to produce a total complement of 15 to 28 terminal ones per cell, each 1 to 2.5.μ wide. The terminal processes are contiguous with those of adjacent myoepithelial cells to grasp the alveolus in the fashion of a network. They mostly meet end to side or end to end and occasionally overlap each other. After injection of acetylcholine, the myoepithelial cells had prominent irregular folds squeezing the alveoli probably due to contraction of them.

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Platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard regimen for the treatment of gynecologic cancers; however, hypersensitivity reactions (HR) to platinum often lead to discontinuation of this effective treatment. Here we performed a desensitization protocol for platinum infusion in 3 patients who required platinum re-administration after developing HR. Two patients (Case 1 and 2) were treated with the desensitization protocol successfully without developing HR during the subsequent 3 courses. Case 3 tolerated desensitization well for 2 courses, but in the 3^rd course, she developed severe HR immediately after the initiation of cisplatin infusion because the desensitization protocol was unintentionally omitted. These cases show the usefulness and effectiveness of the desensitization protocol for the continuation of platinum treatment in patients who have undergone an extended number of treatments. J. Med. Invest. 57: 163-167, February, 2010

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62歳，女性。卵巣腫瘍術前検査にて血友病A保因者（第VIII因子活性35％）と診断。周術期に遺伝子組み換え型第VIII因子製剤計35,600単位を投与。術後95日目に皮下血腫を形成。APTT 66秒，第VIII因子（FVIII）活性3％，インヒビター1 BU/mlの結果よりprednisoloneによる免疫抑制療法を開始。経過中，関節内出血の合併のため入院・止血治療を必要としたが，cyclophosphamideの併用にて術後438日目以後インヒビターは消失しFVIII活性30％に回復。F8遺伝子解析の結果，CRM^＋タイプとして既報告の点変異（p.Arg391Cys）のヘテロ接合を認め，インヒビター発生の高リスク変異は認めなかった。FVIII製剤大量投与がインヒビター発生の要因と考え，今後の出血時治療に備えたdesmopressin acetate hydrate試験投与の結果も併せて報告する。

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Leiomyoma of the ovary is relatively rare and its origin is still controversial. Here, we report 2 cases of ovarian leiomyoma. Case 1, a 59-year-old woman who complained of abdominal distention. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a large solid mass in the lower abdomen. The mass was diagnosed as uterine myoma preoperatively, but it turned out to be a left ovarian tumor at laparotomy. The tumor was about an adult-head size, grayish, elastic hard, and solid. In case 2, a fist-sized mass was accidentally detected in the right ovary of a 84-year-old woman during laparotomy for rectal cancer. Histologically both tumors were composed of solid proliferation of short spindle-shaped cells, that formed interlacing fascicles and showed varying degrees of hyalinization. Both tumors were diagnosed as leiomyoma. Although this tumor is rather infrequent, it is necessary to consider leiomyoma for differential diagnosis, when a solid tumor is detected in the ovary.

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Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is caused by pathogenic variants of the APC gene on the long arm of chromosome 5. An analysis showed an association between germline APC gene variants and clinical signs of FAP; however, attenuated FAP has also been reported in cases with pathogenic variants. In contrast, a phenotype of FAP with no APC germline pathogenic variant and with few signs has been reported. We herein report a 16-year-old girl in whom the presence of multiple large bowel cancers from a young age and several small bowel cancers reflected a carcinogenic tendency higher than that typical for FAP.

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食糧の保存中の損耗防止や衛生確保, 食中毒防止のために電離放射線を食品に照射する場合, その適切な管理には汎用性のある照射食品検知法 (照射の有無の判別法) が必要である。そこで, 照射食品と非照射食品を識別するため, 抗8-OHdG抗体を用いた化学発光―酵素免疫測定 (ELISA) 法によるDNAの酸化的塩基損傷検出法を開発した。ELISA反応の条件検討は, 8-hydroxyguanine (8-oxoG) を含む30-merのオリゴヌクレオチドを用いて行い, その条件でオリゴヌクレオチド中の8-oxoG含量と化学発光強度の関係が得られた。この化学発光ELISA法では, 3kGyを超える吸収線量で照射された鶏肉・豚肉・牛肉を識別できることが示唆された。この方法では, 照射肉と非照射肉の識別に要する肉片は20mgで十分である。

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Aim: Multivascular disease, indicating concurrent arteriosclerotic lesions in a number of different vascular beds, is an independent risk factor for recurrent ischemic events in the general population. However, the impact of multivascular disease on the risk of developing cardiovascular disease has not been fully evaluated in patients receiving hemodialysis.

Methods: A total of 3,504 hemodialysis patients were prospectively followed for 10 years. In this study, multivascular disease was defined as the coexistence of coronary artery disease and stroke. We examined the relationship between multivascular disease and the occurrence of composite cardiovascular endpoint, consisting of cardiovascular death, nonfatal coronary artery disease, nonfatal stroke, and peripheral artery disease.

Results: The proportion of participants with multivascular disease was 5.7% (n=200) at baseline. During follow-up (median, 106.6 months; interquartile range, 50.1–121.8 months), 1,311 patients experienced the composite endpoint, which was defined as at least one of the following: cardiovascular death (n=620), nonfatal coronary artery disease (n=318), nonfatal stroke (n=340), and peripheral artery disease (n=257). Compared with the group with no history of cardiovascular disease, the risk of experiencing the composite endpoint increased significantly with higher numbers of injured vascular beds in patients with single vascular disease (hazard ratio, 1.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.49–1.89) and in those with multivascular disease (hazard ratio, 2.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.71–2.60). In a multivariable analysis, multivascular disease was an independent predictor of cardiovascular events, in addition to diabetes, aging, and hypertension.

Conclusions: This study clearly demonstrated that multivascular disease was a powerful predictor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in patients receiving hemodialysis.

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豚パルボウイルス(PPV) 90HS株のSK細胞低温継代により樹立した弱毒HT^-/SK株は, 増殖温度域マーカーを有し, 野生型親ウイルス90HS株と区別され, 90HS株および野外新鮮分離株320NA株とは血清学的に同一の抗原性を有していた。PPV抗体陰性の4か月齢豚および妊娠豚にHT^-/SK株を接種したところ抗体産生がみられたが, ウイルス血症もウイルス排出も認められず, 同居感染も成立しなかった。これらの豚を野生株で攻撃すると, ウイルス血症とウイルス排出が完全に阻止された。野生株で攻撃した非免疫対照豚では異常仔の娩出がみられ, 死産胎仔からウイルスが検出されたが, HT^-/SK株接種後に野生株で攻撃した妊娠豚では正常分娩がみられ, 初乳吸飲前の産仔の血清にはPPV抗体は検出されず, 胎盤, 胎仔感染防御が成立していた。

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In this paper, I examine the connection between Katherine's and Anne's honour in Henry VIII as reflected in portrayals of their chastity and fertility and how descriptions of the two women ironically reflect the ‘truth’ of this historical play. As the audience was familiar with the real historical situation of these two women, they could discern where the truth ran counter to their dramatic depiction. My paper addresses that women's worth was evaluated in Shakespearean England based on their chastity, but that maintaining their chastity and faithfulness did not ultimately protect noblewomen within the contract of marriage, as is evident in the cases of both Katherine and Anne.

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Objective: The surgical workforce needs to at least double by 2030. To increase the workforce, training for non-physician healthcare professionals and community health workers (CHWs) in rural areas is promising to decrease the numbers of untreated surgical patients. Nevertheless, few studies have been conducted on surgical activities of non-physician healthcare professionals and CHWs in rural Cambodia. We sought to measure the level of knowledge of surgical symptoms, and identify factors associated with it. A questionnaire survey was administered to people in rural areas of Kratie Province to determine their knowledge of surgical symptoms, and to strengthen the surgical workforce among medical staff and CHWs.

Patient/Materials and Methods: To evaluate the knowledge of surgical symptoms among medical staff and CHWs, a self-reported questionnaire was administered to medical staff, CHWs, and villagers in a rural area of Kratie province, Cambodia. The rating score of the number of correct answers among medical staff, CHWs, and villagers was set as the primary outcome.

Results: A total of 91 participants, including 31 medical staff, 24 CHWs, and 36 villagers, completed the survey. The median scores for knowledge of symptoms indicative of surgery were 8 (7–8) [median (interquartile range)] in medical staff, 8 (7–8.5) in CHWs, and 8.5 (8–9) in villagers. There was no significant difference in the scores of surgical symptoms among each of the occupational groups. The group of people who recognized low subjective knowledge of surgical symptom by themselves had significantly higher objective score of knowledge of surgical symptom.

Conclusion: Knowledge of surgical symptoms among medical staff and CHWs was inadequate. To at least double the surgical workforce by 2030 successfully, accurate evaluation and improvement of surgical symptomatic knowledge among medical staff in rural areas is crucial.

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We analyzed 24 h ECG recordings of 29 patients with frequent (>2000/day) ventricular premature contractions (VPCs) to evaluate: 1) the relationship between VPC frequency and heart rate (HR); 2) the relationship between the coupling interval (CI) of VPCs and HR; 3) the time course of changes in VPC frequency following an abrupt and sustained increase in HR; and 4) the effect of oral diltiazem (90 or 180 mg/day for 4 weeks) on VPCs. Based on the patterns of relationship between VPC frequency and HR, patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) 17 patients with a positive correlation, the P group (a linear increase in VPCs with increasing HRs); and 2) 12 patients with a non-positive correlation, the NP group. The NP group showed either a linear decrease in VPCs with increased HRS (4 patients) or an increase in VPCs at low HRS and a decrease at high HRS (8 patients). In all cases, an increased HR was associated with a shortening of CI. In the P group, changes in VPCs after an abrupt in-crease in HR showed 2 types: 1) delayed-ascent type, in which VPCs increased as the duration of HR increase was prolonged (cumulative effects of heart beat) (7 patients); and non-delayed-ascent type (10 patients). Diltiazem reduced VPCs≥75% in all of the 7 delayed-ascent-type patients, compared with 3 of the 10 non-delayed-ascent-type patients (p<0.05) and none of the 12 patients in the NP group (p<0.001). The VPCs of delayed-ascent type had several important features characteristic of delayed afterdepolarizations induced in animal experiments, suggesting that these VPCs may be due to delayed afterdepolarizations.

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非対格仮説は二十世紀の理論言語学における最も重要な仮説の一つであり、この仮説の適用や検証のプロセスを通じて、様々な言語現象に対する理解が確実に深まってきたと言える。しかし一方で、この仮説の中核をなす「非対格動詞は外項を欠く」というテーゼについては、これを認める必要はないとの立場を採る研究者も少なくない、本稿では、東アジア諸語と西欧諸語を比較しつつ、非対格性をめぐる諸問題を概観する。取り上げる現象には、 (1) ゲルマン諸語における助動詞選択、 (2) 過去分詞の形容詞用法、 (3) 非人称受動、 (4) 上代日本語におけるツとヌの選択、 (5) 韓国語漢語動詞におけるDOとBECOMEの選択、 (6) 日本語や中国語における間接受動などが含まれるが、特に (6) については、いわゆる主語昇格排他性 (1AEX) との関連で多角的な検討を加える。

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Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity is generally detected by reversible reaction using a combination of a substrate and a coenzyme, that is lactate and NAD (NAD-dependent LDH), or pyruvate and NADH (NADH-dependent LDH). In Anopheles stephensi larvae, NAD-LDH and NADH-LDH activities were high and were easily detected after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), while in Culex pipiens molestus larvae, NADH-LDH could be detected, but NAD-LDH showed very low activity. According to enzyme histochemical studies, Cx. p. molestus had NAD-LDH at the same localities as An. stephensi did, but its activity was very low. NAD-LDH activity of Cx. p. molestus larvae is, therefore, greatly inhibited by the LDH-inhibitor, which is present in the cytosol of the gastric caeca and midgut, and also in the haemolymph. Among the eight mosquito species examined, LDH-inhibitory activity was highest in the species with low NAD-LDH activity, such as Cx. p. molestus. The LDH-inhibitor was seen to specifically inhibit NAD-LDH activity. Although lactate accumulated in An. stephensi larvae, both NAD-LDH and NADH-LDH were active in this species. While in Cx. p. molestus larvae, although neither lactate nor pyruvate was accumulated, NAD-LDH activity was very low. The LDH-glycolysis could be less active. These results suggested that Cx. p. molestus larvae use some other glycolysis.

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The placenta plays an essential role in fetal growth and the maintenance of pregnancy. Successful development and maturation of the embryo is totally dependent on placental function. The main endocrine participation of the placenta is attributed to placental lactogens (PLs). Progesterone is essential for pregnancy in all mammals and is secreted by the ovary and placenta, depending on the animal species. In the rat, the main source of progesterone throughout pregnancy is the ovary, and 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20α-HSD) is a key enzyme for ovarian progesterone secretion. The primary action of prolactin (PRL) in the maintenance of ovarian progesterone secretion is suppression of the activity of ovarian 20α-HSD. In this review, the sequence homologies between cDNAs for PLs and PRL and the intimate functional relationship between the ovary and placenta are discussed. We postulate the possibility of co-evolution of PLs and ovarian 20α-HSD.

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This paper addresses the issue of modeling the discourse nature of lyrics and presented the first study aiming at capturing the two common discourse-related notions: storylines and themes. We assume that a storyline is a chain of transitions over topics of segments and a song has at least one entire theme. We then hypothesize that transitions over topics of lyric segments can be captured by a probabilistic topic model which incorporates a distribution over transitions of latent topics and that such a distribution of topic transitions is affected by the theme of lyrics. Aiming to test those hypotheses, this study conducts experiments on the word prediction and segment order prediction tasks exploiting a large-scale corpus of popular music lyrics for both English and Japanese (around 100 thousand songs). The findings we gained from these experiments can be summarized into two respects. First, the models with topic transitions significantly outperformed the model without topic transitions in word prediction. This result indicates that typical storylines included in our lyrics datasets were effectively captured as a probabilistic distribution of transitions over latent topics of segments. Second, the model incorporating a latent theme variable on top of topic transitions outperformed the models without such variables in both word prediction and segment order prediction. From this result, we can conclude that considering the notion of theme does contribute to the modeling of storylines of lyrics.

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