Motivated by the recent trend toward the public information disclosure, an increasing number of local governments make their assembly minutes openly accessible on the WEB. At present, there are about 1,800 local governments in Japan and half of them provide the minutes browsing services on the WEB. "" is one of the WEB-based minutes browsing systems that are commercially available in Japan. "" is already deployed in about 100 local governments. "" is basically a text information database system equipped with functions that are useful for the viewers. In this paper, we introduce the WEB-minutes browsing system named "" which contributes to the increase of viewers compared with the case where the minutes are just made open by printed matter or simple text on the WEB.

抄録全体を表示

What are elders and hunters trying to communicate in interviews and workshops? Of what subjects are they knowledgeable? How have they acquired such knowledge? What does knowing mean to them? In this paper, I focus on these basic questions to reconsider the concept of TEK (Traditional Environmental Knowledge) and propound an alternative view, based partly on my own research and partly on other studies of Inuit TEK. First, I briefly review current TEK studies to show that we cannot avoid such basic questions in developing TEK studies. Then, in the following sections, I analyze the storytelling of an Inuit elder to consider what he tried to communicate through storytelling. Based on this analysis, I show how the elder with words and gestures re-enacted and demonstrated past experiences. This is not information about environment independent of his own activities, such as abstract spatial positioning and wildlife itself, but the relationships between him and the environment, which reveal potential resources in environment, that is, 'affordance' in terms of ecological psychology (c.f., REED 1996). Furthermore, I re-examine and reinterpret what has been pointed out as the characteristics of Inuit TEK and thereby demonstrate that what has been referred to as Inuit TEK is a re-enactment of the history of the engagements between humans and the environment. Moreover, I suggest that Inuktitut (Inuit language) place names as clues to reveal the history of the engagements play a crucial role in Inuit TEK. Then, I argue that TEK should be regarded not as an alternative science, but as the practice of 'poetics of life', narratives of which give form with words and gestures to engagement between humans and the environment, and underlies any sort of knowing practice including modern science. Finally, I conclude with the viewpoint that 'poetics of life' suggests a way to overcome the problem of essentialism in anthropological research.

抄録全体を表示

This paper investigates the relationship of female gender with property rights and agency of writing in late eighteenth-century America and how this issue is reflected in the "sympathetic" personalities of two female characters-Constantia Dudley and Westyn-in Charles Brockden Brown's Ormond; or, The Secret Witness. This novel foregrounds the significance of sisterly sympathy through descriptions of compassionate behaviors of the female protagonist, Constantia, and her final protection by the female narrator, . The dynamism of constructing their images, however, contains within itself components threatening to their images. The components stem both from the eponymous character, Ormond, whose excessive reliance on rationality is described as moral barrenness and from the work itself, Ormond, through which personality is also constructed in an epistolary manner. Ormond represents the socioeconomic framework of post-revolutionary America, and Constantia's sympathetic image is undermined when she is positioned within a house he gave her-the sphere that embodies the sway of his trespassing rational discourses. Ormond's reins of opinion over Constantia try to convert her into his metaphorical property. agency of writing, which constructs her "good" feminine personality, inadvertently shows its similar discourse network to Ormond. Her writing, ironically titled Ormond, reveals her "masculine" treatment of Constantia and the dubious strategy of the construction of her own literary personality. This study aims to reveal the gender politics inherent to the management of property and the authorial power over writing in late eighteenth-century America through the two female characters.

抄録全体を表示

For the future conservation of the marble revetment in Hagia , Istanbul, this paper aims at describing the present conditions of the marbles, and presenting new perspective on the material-architectural study of the church. By reviewing previous works on the restoration of Hagia , and through the preliminary investigation done by the team including the auther herself, this paper clarifies 1) the classification of the marbles, 2) characteristics in the setting and the placing of marble slabs on the wall, and 3) present situations with causes of decay. Through this research, it has also been proposed the necessity of multidisciplinary discussion about the systematic analysis for the marble revetment as a material of historic architecture.

抄録全体を表示

This paper concentrates on research into the translation of compounds in a transfer based MT system. We determine how contemporary linguistic theory can contribute to the characterisation, representation and translation of compounds. We determine productive, compositional and translatable compounds. We discuss evolving strategies for effecting translation of these compound types. The results obtained are readily adaptable to models which have a stratificational linguistic framework are able to emulate feature value percolation. The research undertaken was reductionist in nature, leading to a set of compositionally translatable productive compound types being isolated.

抄録全体を表示

A 13-year-old girl with Bernard-Soulier syndrome had massive genital bleeding in her mearch. 5,800 ml of fresh blood and 108 units of platelet concentrates were transfused intensively for 6 weeks, but the bleeding was not improved. Then, progesteron. estrogen complex ( A) was given to the patient, and the genital bleeding was effectively decreased.
In this report, her cliniccl course was followed up along its experimental trials concerning with its effects on platelet adhesion to subendothelium tested by Baumgartner's method as well as on platelet count, platelet aggregation and plasma antithrombin III level, and A was supposed to have little influence on platelet adhesion, platelet count, platelet aggregation or plasma antithrombin III level. The specific antibody to platelet membrane was examined to prove none of such antibody which was reported to exist after massive and multiple blood transfusions to cases of Bernard-Soulier syndrome.

抄録全体を表示

We present some properties of one-dimensional cactoids and construct a universal element Z for the family of one-dimensional cactoids X such that a simple cyclic chain between any two cut points of X is a cactus. One-dimensional cactoids are partial case of planar totally regular curves and are investigated by Whyburn [13] under the term “boundary curves”.

抄録全体を表示

Background Personal health checking system (Ningen Dock) is now being popular in Japan. With increase of examinees (clients), arrangement of examination procedures is becoming difficult. As a large quantity of examination data are produced in every client, it spends time in making individual personal medical records correctly and promptly.
Methods To solve this difficulties, Health Improvement Center () constructed digital personal health checking system (Ningen Dock) applied of computer information network system since 1999.
Results Twenty-six thousand eight hundred fifty-six Ningen Dock clients were examined by this system in last 7 years. The images were directly transmitted to from radiology without using medical Xray film (filmless). The radiologist interpreted them on a high-resolution cathode ray tube (CRT) of Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) by using personal computer (paperless) and explained them to the client. Examination results including all medical imaging data of each client were recorded on compact disk recordable (CD-R) which was sent to client's home afterwards. The recorded CDR was evaluated to be useful for health improvement of client. Furthermore, gastric virtual endoscopy (VE) processed from CT images was successively developed by using the digital imaging system. Its diagnostic abilities were obtained sensitivity of 92.7% and specificity of 90.9% by comparison with real gastric fiberscopy (GF). This non-invasive method was applied to 1949 cases of Ningen Dock in last 5years, in which 3 cases of gastric cancer were detected in early stage.
Conclusion Digital health checking system was successfully developed by using medical information systern.

抄録全体を表示

 Hagia in Istanbul has been suffering from severe degradation of the outside and inside walls and the paintings on the inside wall surfaces mainly due to liquid water transport and salt crystallization. In order to elucidate the degradation mechanism and then propose a suitable method for preservation, we have conducted a long-term field survey of Hagia from 2010 until 2014 and numerical analyses of simultaneous heat and moisture transfer in the walls. It was found that high moisture content — primarily due to penetration and evaporation of rain water and partly due to consequent salt crystallization — generally leads to degradation of both inside and outside walls. It was observed that the moisture content of the north inside wall is higher than that of the south inside wall due to less solar radiation. Also, there are high possibilities that evaporation mainly at the middle-layer mortar caused salt crystallization and exfoliation of the inside stucco wall surfaces and that the exfoliation of the inside finishing material of the wall caused further subsequent exfoliation of the inner layers.

抄録全体を表示

Corky root rot (CRR) is an escalating plant disease of tomato (Solanum esculentum), caused by a soil-borne fungus, Pyrenochaeta lycopersici. During the last two decades there have almost been no progress in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms promoting infection and plant susceptibility. As there are no CRR-resistant lines of cultivated tomato on the market and no other known means for plant protection, a deeper molecular knowledge about the infection process is urgently needed. We have therefore outlined an efficient strategy to search for corky root rot-resistance genes in wild tomato. In addition, we are investigating the genetic determinants for infection and virulence of the fungal pathogen, P. lycopersici. In this review we summarize the quite limited molecular knowledge about the pathogen and the disease, and discuss the possibilities to overcome previous technical obstacles in this new era of molecular biology.

抄録全体を表示

The Narthex Mosaic of St. , Istanbul, represents a composition consists of Christ enthroned, an emperor crouching in proskynisis at his feet, and the Virgin and an archangel in medallions. Most scholars have identified he figure of the emperor has as Leo VI, who was active in the late 9th-early 1Oth century. The author surmises the execution of the mosaic was not long after the recovery of the icon in 843 after the iconoclasm when the activity of the mosaic workshops was not fully developed, observing the unique technique of this panel, such as coating o f the tesserae with pigments. As the background o f the execution o f the Narthex Mosaic, the author suggests the circumstances around the recovery of the icon. According to Theophanes Continuatus, Theodora, wife of the late Theophilus, the last iconoclastic emperor, testified at the council in 843 that his husband had repented of his mistake of his iconoclastic doctrine on his deathbed and succeeded in exempting him from the accusation as an anathema. In the Byzantine times, the composition of the figures must have reminded spectators of Theophilus' repentance, the position of Theodora as an intercessor, and the innocent position of Michaellll, her son and an infant emperor after Theophilus.

抄録全体を表示

Synthetic routes from AIPHOS system are evaluated based on possibility of side-reactions using a newly developed system that recognizes reactive sites by a module for reactive site perception of a reaction prediction system and generates possible products including byproducts according to information on transformations in a reaction database. Some possibilities of side-reactions are predicted and evaluated for several synthetic routes proposed by AIPHOS. The results from the evaluations are visualized by a newly developed graphic user-interface. Applications to synthetic routes for ligand molecules of catalysts in Mitsui Chemicals are also demonstrated.

抄録全体を表示

Synthetic routes from AIPHOS system are evaluated based on possibility of side-reactions using a newly developed system that recognizes reactive sites by a module for reactive site perception of a reaction prediction system and generates possible products including byproducts according to information on transformations in a reaction database. Some possibilities of side-reactions are predicted and evaluated for several synthetic routes proposed by AIPHOS. The results from the evaluations are visualized by a newly developed graphic user-interface. Applications to synthetic routes for ligand molecules of catalysts in Mitsui Chemicals are also demonstrated.

抄録全体を表示

The present study includes 1) measurements of natural frequencies by ambient vibrations, 2) estimation of the Young's modulus for the used materials based on both dynamic measurements for the minarets and material test of the mortar as well as of the masonry which consists of brick and mortar, 3) estimation of compressive and tensile strength of the mortar, 4) finite element three dimensional elasto-plastic analysis (FEM) in case of dead load for the dome considering the effects of the supporting structure. According to the results of Finite Element analyses, the oval displacement pattern of the base of the dome is in accordance with the actual state of the structure. Comparison of the displacements of two transverse arches, N-Sarch and double arch, seems to give an information that the north to south arch is weaker than the west to east arch.

抄録全体を表示

　Hawthorne’s choice of a scene for his story and the detail of his explanation of that scene are absolutely essential to his romances. He was always looking for a fairy land, similar to the real world, because he felt that there was hardly any strange, antique, or pictorial enchantment in America. Thus, he had to create a world resembling such a fairy land in his American romances.

　His wife,

, exerted a great influence upon his Italian romances. Most of the references to Italy and the Italian culture appear in works after meeting . After serving four years as a consul in Liverpool, England, Hawthorne and his family spent two winters in Italy, where he found materials that made his romances easier to write than they had been. In Italy he found a land naturally possessing a half-mysterious but definitely real atmosphere ; furthermore he found a world, in which time—the past, the present, and the eternity—was manifest and observable.

　Italy resolved his recurring dilemma between a novel and a romance by enabling him simply to copy observations he had recorded in his journals, especially The French and Italian Notebooks. In my brief survey I have attempted to study the influence of Hawthorne’s stay in Italy upon his romances.

抄録全体を表示

アルミニウムをトレーサーとして使用して、珪藻が長石からシリカを取得する可能性を培養実験にて調査した。珪藻はAlbiteまたはAnorthite粉末の有無の異なる三つの条件下で培養し、シリカ濃度とTEPの個体数を1か月の培養期間を通して週に2～3回測定した。さらに、珪藻ケイ酸殻内のアルミニウム分布をEPMAで測定した。長石の存在は、珪藻の成長を阻害しつつも、生育期間を広げる原因となったと推察された。実験終了時において、生きている珪藻と死んだ珪藻の総数は、3つのボトルすべてでほぼ同じであり、これら2つの効果が互いに釣り合っていることを意味する。 TEP濃度は、実験の20日目、珪藻ブルームのピークが終わるまでは3つの培養条件において低かったが、その後ピークを示し、その濃度はAlbite区ではるかに高く、対照区では最低であった。

抄録全体を表示

From our study on the 13 codices of NHTs, which was being published from 1956 to 1963, we have come to the following conclusions.
1. Concerning the characteristics of the Gnosticism the NHTs reconfirm the results which had been drawn from the other Gnostic materials: (1) the knowledge on the “consubstantiality” between one's self and the supreme Godhead, (2) the substantial dualism and (3) the revelation of the Godhead (=one's self) through a Revealer or Redeemer. But the heresiologists of the “Great Church” have denounced form their point of view the points (2) and (3) so emphatically that the point (1) does not come enough into their sight. We can find neither “typical” Gnostic, speculative myths (2) nor so-called “Docetic” Christology (3), at least in the “Gospels” of the NHTs. On the contrary our texts are all founded on the “gnosis” of the consubstantiality (1).
2. By the light of the NHTs it becomes clearer that the Gnosticism originated in the borderlands between Judaism (including Diaspola) and other hellenistic religions, for example in Samalia, Syria and Egypt, for the most of the NHTs depend on the Gnostic interpretation of the Judaic materials.
3. Can we attest any conception of so-called “pre-Christian” Gnostic redeemer? To answer such a question is of course impossible, as the publication of the whole NHTs is not yet completed. We are inclined to think, however, that it is not from Christianity that Gnosticism borrowed the idea of its redeemer, for we can demonstrate by the textual criticism that such a redeemer as “” is more original than “Christ” in the Apocryphon Johannis and other NHTs.
4. NHTs make it clearer that such rituals as baptism and chrism play the important role to combine Gnosticism with Christianity, especially “” with “Christ”.

抄録全体を表示

This paper examines the use of linguistic techniques in the area of automatic term recognition. It describes the TRUCKS model, which makes use of different types of contextual information-syntactic, semantic, terminological and statistical-seeking particularly to identify those parts of the context which are most relevant to terms. From an initial corpus of sublanguage texts, this identifies, disambiguates and ranks candidate terms. The system is evaluated with respect to the statistical approach on which it is built, and with respect to its expected theoretical performance. We show that by using deeper forms of contextual information, we can improve on the extraction of multi-word terms. The resulting list of ranked terms is shown to improve on that produced by traditional methods, in terms of precision and distribution, while the information acquired in the process can also be used for a variety of other applications, such as disambiguation, lexical tuning and term clustering.

抄録全体を表示