Although ameloblastoma and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) belong to the same group according to the World Health Organization, they show different biologic behaviors. PCNA, an amplifier of cell proliferation, and p53, a tumor suppressor protein, are overexpressed in some odontogenic lesions. The purpose of this study was to immunohistochemically evaluate the expression of p53 and PCNA to clarify the possible role of these proteins in different behaviors of ameloblastoma and AOT. The immunohistochemical expression of PCNA and p53 was determined in 30 solid ameloblastomas and 12 AOTs. Statistical tests including one-way ANOVA, t-test, chi-square, Mann-Whitney U and Kendall were used to analyze the data. All tissue sections (except one specimen of plexiform ameloblastoma) exhibited immunoexpression for p53. PCNA was expressed in all specimens. There was no significant difference in PCNA expression between ameloblastomas and AOTs (P > 0.05). For p53, there was no statistical difference between subtypes of ameloblastomas (P > 0.05), whereas statistical differences were observed between ameloblastomas and AOTs (P < 0.001). There was no statistical difference in PCNA intensity of staining between ameloblastomas and AOTs (P > 0.05), whereas the p53 intensity in ameloblastomas was stronger than AOTs (P < 0.05). Positive correlation between PCNA and p53 was observed. We concluded that PCNA overexpression is not responsible for the difference in clinical behavior of these two lesions, whereas the expression of p53 in ameloblastoma may explain the more aggressive nature of this tumor compared with AOT. (J Oral Sci 53, 213-217, 2011)

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Some aspects of the ontogenesis of social representations are discussed through a consideration of specific issues raised by empirical research on the development of representations of gender through children's first year of schooling. A comparison with Vygotsky's general law of cultural development emphasises the importance of considering social identities as structures mediating between the interpsychological and the intrapsychological in individual development. The relationship of social identities to social representations is further explored, in particular through the introduction of a notion of positioning. A second theme is the examination of the figurative nucleus of children's representations of gender, in which the metaphor of sexual reproduction provides the central image.

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非典型溶血性尿毒症症候群（atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, aHUS）は，先天性あるいは後天性の補体制御の異常と，それに伴う全身性微小血管塞栓を来す致死的な疾患である。ウイルス感染など免疫賦活を契機に溶血発作を引き起こすことが報告されている。症例は38歳男性，受診7年前にC3遺伝子異常を伴うaHUSと診断されていた。来院3日前にCOVID-19と診断された。自宅療養方針となっていたが，翌日から尿が茶褐色となり，尿量減少を自覚したため，当院受診となった。COVID-19によるaHUSの溶血発作と診断し，eculizumab 900 mg/bodyの単回投与を行い，溶血発作は速やかに改善した。COVID-19がaHUSの溶血発作を生じる症例は複数例報告されており，eculizumabの治療が溶血発作のみならずCOVID-19の重症化予防にも効果がある可能性が指摘されている。発症早期からのeculizumab治療導入の有効性を示唆する症例であり，報告する。

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This study examined the psychological profile of effeminates (n = 45) in comparison with matched-groups of normal males (n = 45) and females (n = 45). Respondents were Malaysian students aged between 19-24 years. Results of the one-way analyses of variance showed that effeminate students were similar to females in terms of their perceptions of their body image, thinking, and gender characteristics. However, they were more androgynous than normal female students. Although effeminates reported the lowest level of self-esteem, contrary to prediction, they showed low psychological distress. The results are discussed with respect to their current situation as well as the general literature in this area.

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Misperception of voiced and voiceless obstruent length in Italian by native Italian and native Japanese speakers was compared. Both Italian and Japanese use consonant length contrastively. This may lead to the expectation that there is a positive first language transfer for the native Japanese speakers. While the native Japanese listeners’ misperception of Italian length categories was limited, they still made significantly more errors than the native Italian listeners. The native Japanese listeners’ length misperception was more noticeable when the word-medial obstruent was short than when it was long and when it was voiced than when it was voiceless.

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Oxaliplatin (OXL) therapy often causes side effects including chronic peripheral neuropathy. We investigated the pain-relieving effects of recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLf) as well as a long-acting IgG-Fc fused rhLf (rhLf-Fc) on OXL-induced neuropathic pain. We used the hLf in this study, because the homology between mouse Lf and hLf is higher than that of bovine Lf. In addition, rhLf-Fc is expected to enhance the analgesic effect due to the life extension effect in the body. We administered OXL (2 mg/kg, i.v.) to mice twice weekly for 4 weeks. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), rhLf (100 mg/kg, i.p.) or rhLf-Fc (100 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered once a week from day 15 to 32. We also assessed the continuous infusion of same drugs (10 mg/kg/day) into the external jugular vein by using an osmotic pump. Both of rhLf and rhLf-Fc significantly reduced the hypersensitivity to mechanical stimulation when they were administered intraperitoneally. The continuous infusion of rhLf resulted in a more pronounced effect. Histopathological analysis of sciatic nerve showed that both rhLf and rhLf-Fc tended to reduce nerve fiber damage, but no significant difference was observed in nerve fiber cross-sectional area. Therefore, it was suggested that rhLf or rhLf-Fc injection could be an option for controlling neuropathic pain, which are side effects of OXL.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of experience or inexperience with weight-training under appropriate supervision on the knowledge of squatting exercises among university students. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among university students who exercise regularly (30 or more min per day, 2 or more days per week, and maintaining this for more than 1 year) to clarify the relationships between their experience of weight-training under appropriate supervision, knowledge of squatting exercises, and the frequency with which they perform squatting exercises (n=309). More than half of the students who exercised regularly had never experienced weight-training under appropriate supervision. Approximately 50% of the participants performed squats periodically, even if they did not have any experience with weight-training under appropriate supervision. The participants who lacked experience with weight-training under supervision had made significantly fewer attempts to consciously train their gluteal and knee flexor muscles during squatting exercises than those who had experienced weight-training under supervision. In fact, approximately 50% of the former did not consciously train their gluteal muscles during squatting exercises at all. These results suggest that although the students performed squatting exercises periodically, those who had never experienced weight-training under supervision may not have properly understood the squatting method. Therefore, to enhance the benefits of training, people should be shown the correct method to perform training exercises and given appropriate supervision.

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A new-type source of power line harmonic radiation (PLHR) is described in this paper to point out its significance to the magnetospheric emissions. Characteristic electromagnetic fields were observed over the Kola Peninsula, northern Russia, during the flight of the balloon B₁₅-2N in 1982. The source is characterized by (a) the fundamental frequency of 24.4 Hz, (b) the harmonic spectrum continuously extending up to VLF, and (c) the isolation from commercial power lines. These characteristics are different from the previously reported PLHR sources that could trigger the magnetospheric emissions. Based on the low impedance field and the amplitude variation along the balloon trajectory, the source can be modeled by a horizontal electric dipole or a horizontal magnetic dipole, and then the source distance is estimated within the induction area of a few hundred kilometers. The most probable source is an electric railroad or a single-phase power line, driven by an isolated power generator, and located on the Kola Peninsula. Estimating the radiation power through the ionosphere, it is shown that enough power to trigger magnetospheric emissions may be radiated into the magnetosphere from the source. Therefore, it is suggested that the source can be recognized as a new-type PLHR source possibly related to magnetospheric emissions.

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Increasing worldwide attention is being focused on a group of persistent organic pollutants known as the perfluorinated compounds (PFCs). This class of compounds includes perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and a large number of other structurally related compounds sharing a variety of unique physical and chemical characteristics. Concern about these compounds is increasing as a growing number of studies indicate that they are toxic, bioaccumulative, and extraordinarily persistent in the environment. Moreover, the mean half-lives of human serum elimination of PFOS and PFOA have been estimated to be 5 and 4 years, respectively. While the vast majority of individuals living in the industrial world have measurable body burdens of the PFCs, almost nothing is known about how exposure to these compounds occurs. Very little is known about the potential health effects in humans, but a growing body of evidence indicates significant toxicity in various animal models. Given their unique chemical and physical properties, and their unusual persistence, these compounds are likely to be a major public health concern for the foreseeable future. This presentation summarizes information about the distribution of these materials in the environment, what is currently known about the possible routes of human exposure, and some of the key studies examining their toxicity.

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本研究の目的は (1) 同性のモデルが異性玩具で遊んでいるのを被験児が観察した結果としで, 被験児の異性玩具1に対する反応に膜制止の効果がみられるか否か,(2) 異性モデルが適切玩具 (被験児にとっては非適切玩具) で遊んでいるのを被験児が観察した場合にも, 脱制止の効果が見られるか否か, の2卓を検討すうことであった。
幼稚園男児45名, 女児45名 (年令範囲5才10か月から6才8か月) が, 同性モデル, 異性モデル, 統制の3群に配置された。同性, 異性モデル群は, モズルの行動を短時間観察した後に, 統制群は観察なしで, 異準玩具と中性玩具の置かれている部屋で10命間の自由遊びの時間が与えられた6幼児の行動は15秒ごとに観察室から観察され記録された。測定値として, 幼児が異性玩具に反応するまでの時間 (潜時) と, 観察中に異性玩具で遊んだ割合 (異性-%) が算出きれた。
主な結果は,
(1) 男児同性モデル群の〈潜時〉は異性モデル, 統制両群の測定値より有意に短く, 〈異性-%〉は異性モデル, 統制両群のものより有意に大であった。この結果は, 異性役割行動に対するモデルの脱制止効果を示すものである。女児のデータでは, 脱制止効果の傾向が認められただけで, 3条件間に有意差は見られなかった。
(2) 適切な性役割行動をおとなっているモデルを観察した被験児には, 税制止効果も禁止の効果もともにみられなかった。
幼児の異性役割行動に対するモデルの脱制止効果は, へやモデルの偏倚的行動と, この行動に対して実験者が無反応であったこと (罰を与えなかったこと), その2つを, 観察した結果として解釈された。

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