Advanced biotechnologies have provided benefits to detect a variety of cellular molecules for tumor diagnosis, determination of malignancy, and prognosis of cancers. Improved understanding of the molecular basis of cancers will lead to molecular targeted approaches to cancer prevention and treatment. Monoclonal antibody−based therapeutics targeting cell surface receptor such as HER2/neu/c−erbB2 oncoprotein on breast cancer cells has shown efficacy in clinical trials. HER2 pro−oncogene is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family, and HER2 oncoprotein is a well−characterized predictor of tumor aggressiveness. The overexpression of HER2 has been found in about 25% to 30% of breast cancers and associated with poor prognosis, resistance to hormonal therapy and lack of sensitivity to some adjuvant chemotherapy. The recombinant anti−HER2 monoclonal antibody, trastsuzumab(Herceptin), was evaluated in clinical trials for treatment of HER2−over−expressing metastatic breast cancers. The administration of the trastuzumab has produced an objective response in patients with metastatic breast cancers, suggesting that the trastuzumab will be a new molecular targeting therapeutic agent for patients with HER2−overexpressing cancer. Thus, a test result of HER2 overexpression will be a valid criterion in determining eligibility for the trastsuzumab therapy, and reliable detection of HER2 overexpression is an important prerequisite for the success of the trastsuzumab therapy.

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Purpose: Senile cataract contributes to 75% of blindness in India and there is a growing backlog of cataract cases needing surgery. The present study seeks clues to the etiology of senile cataract, so that strategies to prevent or even delay cataract formation could be planned. Methods: Using a community based case-control design, 258 cases & 308 controls from one centre and 301 cases & 591 controls from another were studied. The subjects were from rural areas and were aged 40-60 years. Logistic regression analysis technique was employed to study the associations between senile cataract and various variables. Results: Systolic blood pressure, duration of exposure to sunlight per day were associated with senile cataract in both the centres (OR=1.4 & 1.5 for sysstolic BP and 1.6 & 1.4 for exposure to sunlight). Utilization of rice gruel (OR=0.5), duration of exposure to fire & dust per day (OR=1.8), family history of cataract (OR=5.0), use of cheap cooking fuels (OR=1.8), increased height (OR = 0.7) and increased number of hours of work per day (OR=0.7) were other variables that showed significant association in either of the centres. Conclusions: Senile cataract appears to have a multi factorial etiology. Though the study provided some clues to the etiology of senile cataract, further studies are needed to know the specific role of these factors in the causation of cataract, so that any preventive or control measures could be initiated in the community. Till such time, we have to fall back on the available surgical approach in control of senile cataract. J Epidemiol, 1999; 9 : 327-336

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We present results of combining occultation refractivity profiles from GPS/MET with ECMWF global analyses in a 1DVar framework in order to separate the wet and dry contributions to refractivity and assess their impact on the analyzed temperature, surface pressure and specific humidity fields. We find significant zonal mean temperature, surface pressure and humidity differences between the 1DVar solutions and the ECMWF analyses reflecting biases between the GPS refractivities and ECMWF analyses. Large profile-to-profile temperature discrepancies in the tropical lower stratosphere are due to waves not represented in the analyses. The 1DVar solution is generally drier than ECMWF particularly in the southern subtropics. Lack of moisture above 300 hPa in the present model caused the solution to make large adjustments in low latitude surface pressure and tropospheric temperatures to increase upper troposphere densities and compensate for the missing upper level moisture. The discrepancies between the solution and the background and observational data sets represent roughly a 2-sigma level of agreement rather than the 1-sigma level desired in a 1DVar solution. Given the simplicity of our error covariances, our results are promising as a first step. In the future, the error covariances need to be refined and, in particular, to vary with location.

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ニッケル基合金に対して摩擦攪拌接合の特性を評価するために本研究が行われた．このため、インコネル合金が導入され、WC-Coツ－ルを利用して摩擦攪拌接合が行われた．実験結果、摩擦攪拌接合によって粒子の微細化が実現され、機械的な性質も優れることで観察された．従って、本研究では摩擦攪拌接合による微細組織と機械的性質の連関性に対して具体的に論議した．

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In this paper, the generalisation of integrable (2+1)-dimensional dispersive long-wave equation (GDLWE) introduced by Boiti et al. is considered and is shown to possess the Painlevé (P-) property. The bilinear transformation is obtained straightforwardly from the Painlevé analysis.

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Under the primary conditions of a pressurized water reactor, the intergranular stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of a Ni based alloy is improved by chromium carbide precipitation in grain boundaries. The effects of chromium carbide precipitation treatments are explained by the grain boundary strengthening mechanism, the intergranular corrosion prevention mechanism, and so on. However, few studies have demonstrated these mechanisms, and the effects on intergranular stress corrosion cracking susceptibility are not completely understood. Therefore, for the purpose of demonstrating the change in the internal stress distribution with or without grain boundary carbide precipitation treatment in the

alloy, in situ measurements were performed in this study using the X-ray diffraction technique with the BL-28B2 beamline at the SPring-8 synchrotron radiation facility under tensile stress. The results confirmed that there is a difference in the strain distribution in grain boundaries and trans-grains. Intergranular stress corrosion cracking is suppressed by preventing stress concentration in grain boundaries owing to the carbides precipitated at the grain boundaries.

 

This Paper was Originally Published in Japanese in J. Japan Inst. Met. Mater. 83 (2019) 54–58.

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There are already many studious reports about the biological action of static electrical field.
We examined that effect using the therapeutic apparatus with the negative volts for the hospital staff, recovery persons and friends of patients who don't feel the indisposed symptom (the customary constipation, headache, heavy feeling in the head, insomina). The age of cases are 20-60 age, and the number of male and female is the same.
The therapeutic apparatus was used in principle more than 8 hours in a day at the sleep and the case used continuously it during the days and after the 10 days the case was answered using results by the answer paper.
Besides we used the therepeutic apparatus with negative 87 volts as simulation test.
We recognized that the electrical loading of the negative volts is effective (danger rate is 5%) for the rescission of the indisposed symptom.

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Reliable Helmholtz thermodynamic equations of state for important refrigerants, R143a, R32+R125, R125+R143a, R, and Ra, are developed. The blended mixture of R32+R125 is used in air-conditioning systems as R410A, and Ra (iso-butane) is a refrigerant in domestic refrigerators. Those equations of state are developed as our final results from long experience of developing thermodynamic equations. The characteristics are that those equations can derive reliable specific heat values near saturation in the gaseous phase by using virial coefficients based on theoretical model of intermolecular force, and the thermodynamic surface covering all the fluid phase behaves reasonably from viewpoint of physics. It was confirmed by examining the ideal curves especially at high temperature and pressure phase. Those equations will provide the best property values for those substances. This report introduces several features of those equations of state.

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The experimentally determined electro-optic Kerr constant values of some homologous series of organic liquids belonging to Ketone, Aldehyde and Nitriles are combined with the molecular refraction data of these liquids to compute the anisotropic electronic polarizabilities in the ground state. These values are found to be fairly in good agreement with those values reported in literature. The polarizability values are found to be increasing in each homologous series with increasing chain-length by CH₂ intervening groups. This fact has been supported by the predominant nature of the inductive effect that arises due to the structural changes of the molecules in these series.

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In this paper we report the variation of the Electro-optic Kerr relaxation time (τ) with temperature at and above the nematic to isotropic phase transition (T_NI) in a polar nematic Liquid crystal 4-(trans-4'-n Pentylcyclohexyl) Benzonitrile (PCH-5). The measurements of τ and the Electro-optic Kerr constant (B) have been made using an indigeneously built square pulse generator with a fall time of 45 nanoseconds. The variations of B and τ with temperature have been found to follow the predictions of the Landau-de Gennes theory for pretransitional behaviour in Liquid crystals.

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[Purpose] Measurement of posture is important for those with a clinical diagnosis as well as researchers aiming to understand the impact of faulty postures on the development of musculoskeletal disorders. A reliable, cost-effective and low tech posture measure may be beneficial for research and clinical applications. The purpose of this study was to determine rater reliability and construct validity of a posture screening mobile application in healthy young adults. [Subjects and Methods] Pictures of subjects were taken in three standing positions. Two raters independently digitized the static standing posture image twice. The app calculated posture variables, including sagittal and coronal plane translations and angulations. Intra- and inter-rater reliability were calculated using the appropriate ICC models for complete agreement. Construct validity was determined through comparison of known groups using repeated measures ANOVA. [Results] Intra-rater reliability ranged from 0.71 to 0.99. Inter-rater reliability was good to excellent for all translations. ICCs were stronger for translations versus angulations. The construct validity analysis found that the app was able to detect the change in the four variables selected. [Conclusion] The posture mobile application has demonstrated strong rater reliability and preliminary evidence of construct validity. This application may have utility in clinical and research settings.

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Recentry, boriding has attracted extensive attention as surface stiffening processing. Boriding is a method of diffusing and permeating boron on the surface of a metal material. In this research, the influence of processing time on the formation layer of Inconel by Al added fused salt bath was examined. In addition, in order to improve the surface hardness and abrasion resistance of Inconel , the effect of the treatment of boriding on the formation layer has been investigated. Boriding were performed in molten borax which contained about 10 mass% Al at processing time of 0.5 ~ 2.0 h (processing temperature of 950℃). As a result of the examination, the hardness of the boriding layer becomes about 2000 HV in any times and the boriding layer becomes thicker with processing time. Also the abrasion resistance has improved remarkably. Furthermore, it was revealed that the formation layer was boronized Ni from the Vickers hardness and analysis of the X-ray diffraction measurement.

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We report pseudopotential density-functional calculations of the “3 × 1” phase of the Ba/Si(111) surface. To resolve the coverage issue of the Ba/Si(111) surface, we investigate various structural models with two Ba coverages: 1/3 ML and 1/6 ML. Based on the comparison of the simulated STM images for two coverages and the experimental images, it is found that the “3 × 1” phase has 1/6 ML Ba and a 3 × 2 structure with the honeycomb chain-channel Si reconstruction. The substrate reconstruction is quite similar to the Si(111)-3 × 1 surface induced by 1/3 ML alkali-metals. The experimental semiconducting band gap is well reproduced by the LDA band structure.

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症例は78歳の女性で，肝彎曲部の横行結腸癌に対して結腸右半切除術を施行した．組織学的に低分化型腺癌，RAS変異陰性，BRAF変異陽性，MSI-Hであった．剥離断端陽性であったため，術後4週からmFOLFOX6を施行した．3コース終了後，造影CTで膵頭部腹側に50mm，右大腰筋腹側に尿管を巻き込む42mm大の再発を指摘された．既往歴にBasedow病があるため，pembrolizumabによる免疫関連有害事象としての甲状腺中毒症の危険性を考慮した結果，二次治療としてencorafenib+binimetinib+cetuximab療法を開始した．9コース終了後に腫瘍は軟部陰影を残すのみで消失し，画像上完全奏効が得られた．一方，infusion reactionのため同レジメンの継続が困難となった．治癒切除可能と判断し膵頭十二指腸切除術および右尿管合併切除再建を施行したところ，病理組織学的に腫瘍細胞は認めなかった．BRAF変異大腸癌に対する化学療法では，病理学的に完全奏効と判断された報告は本邦初と思われるため報告する．

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