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  • Yohei Tomaru, Hiroshi Kamada, Yuta Tsukagoshi, Shogo Nakagawa, Mio Onishi, Kenta Tanaka, Ryoko Takeuchi, Yuki Mataki, Shumpei Miyakawa, Masashi Yamazaki
    Journal of Rural Medicine
    2019年 14 巻 2 号 176-180
    発行日: 2019年
    公開日: 2019/11/20
    ジャーナル フリー

    Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between exercise time and musculoskeletal problems and to determine the appropriate amount of exercise for children in both lower- and higher-grade levels of elementary and junior high schools.

    Materials and Methods: Mark-sheet-type questionnaires were distributed to and collected from all elementary and junior high schools in two cities. We collected 22,494 questionnaires in total. The relationship between exercise time and musculoskeletal problems was analyzed. The χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analyses.

    Results: The mean exercise time in school, in addition to physical education time, was 3.1 hours per week. In 56% of the children, the exercise time was less than 2 hours per week, and in 13% of the children, the exercise time was more than 10 hours per week. Although the rate of sports injury increased with an increase in exercise time, the duration of one-leg stand (a test of balance and muscle strength) also increased with an increase in exercise time. The cut-off values for sports injuries in

    boys
    /
    girls
    were 2.9/2.9 hours, 4.0/2.9 hours, and 7.5/4.2 hours in lower grade elementary school, higher grade elementary school, and junior high school, respectively.

    Conclusions: Although an appropriate amount of exercise improves one’s physical health and ability, excessive exercise leads to musculoskeletal problems. Approximately 7 hours/week of exercise is recommended for junior high school students. In elementary school, the exercise time should be carefully decided as the musculoskeletal system of the students is still immature.

  • 長谷川 忍, 高橋 咲江, 柏原 昭博
    教育システム情報学会誌
    2010年 27 巻 2 号 199-210
    発行日: 2010年
    公開日: 2018/07/28
    ジャーナル フリー

    The main topic addressed in this paper is to support university students who start their job-hunting activities by sharing information of job-hunting and work experiences their old

    boys
    /
    girls
    in the same department had. However, it is not so easy for the students to obtain information concerning such experiences since there are few opportunities to make personal connections with their old
    boys
    /
    girls
    . In order to resolve this issue, we had developed a SNS (Social Networking Service) system, which helps students gather informal and experiential information. It includes two main services as follows: one is to gather information concerning job-hunting and work experiences from the old
    boys
    /
    girls
    by means of a theme blog service, and the other is to make personal connections between the students and old
    boys
    /
    girls
    by means of a search engine and a tracer that allow the students to find informative blog entries contributed by the old
    boys
    /
    girls
    . This paper demonstrates the SNS system, and reports a preliminary case study in a laboratory scale. The results of the case study suggest that the system enables the old
    boys
    /
    girls
    to write down their informal experiences with the theme blog, and that the system allows the students to have instructive information from the blog entries via the tracer.

  • Yuriko ISSHIKI, Kanehisa MORIMOTO
    Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine
    2004年 9 巻 3 号 95-102
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/20
    ジャーナル フリー
    Objectives: To examine the relationship between lifestyles and psychosomatic symptoms in children, we conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey of elementary school students and junior high school students in Japan.
    Methods: We designed an original questionnaire to investigate the lifestyles and psychosomatic symptoms of children. In 1997, responses to the questionnaires were elicited from public elementary school fourth grade students (then aged 9–10) and public junior high school seventh grade students (then aged 12–13). The survey was repeated annually for three years as the students advanced through school.
    Results: For both boys and girls, each cross-sectional analysis revealed a strong relationship between lifestyle behaviors and psychosomatic symptoms. Psychosomatic symptoms scores varied according to daily hours of sleep, eating of breakfast, having strong likes and dislikes of food, bowel habits, and daily hours of television watching. Both boys and girls with “good” lifestyle behaviors evaluated by the HPI (Health Practice Index) showed lower scores for psychosomatic symptoms.
    Conclusions: These findings show that the lifestyle behaviors of children are significantly associated with psychosomatic symptoms and suggest that poor lifestyle behaviors are likely to increase physical and psychological health risks.
  • 三井 淳藏, 篠田 紳司, 和田 節子, 大島 等, 森 美喜夫, 山崎 旭男, 内山 源
    教育医学
    2009年 55 巻 2 号 161-175
    発行日: 2009年
    公開日: 2021/10/26
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
     身体的・精神的に発育・発達途上にある子供たちは,自分の生活をどう考え,どのように捉えているのか.また彼等の日常生活の中で何が心の支えとなり,満足感,充実感をもたらしているのか,QOLという概念から気管支喘息児と健常児との比較を試みた.  方法は,アンケート方式を用い健常児および喘息児の日常生活における身体的・精神的・社会的側面と喘息児に対して喘息疾患に関する調査項目を設定した.  調査対象は健常男児73名,女児104名,合計177名,喘息男児37名,女児29名,合計66名である.  結果,健常児では,男女共に第1因子として“学校体育”,“運動”,“スポーツ”等が挙げられ,喘息児では“学校体育”,“遊びに出かける”に加え,“友人関係”,“得意なもの”等,社会的な面や精神的な面が第1因子に挙げられている.しかも,運動する機会や回数については,有意に健常児が多く,喘息児との間に差が認められる.  社会的領域の友人関係では,“友人からの信頼”や“友人の数”について,健常児に対し喘息児は不安を抱いている.また心理的・精神的領域では,特に喘息児に“習癖”が悩みの一つになっている.  喘息疾患による“発作”,“通院”や“不快感”等により精神的に落ち着かない状態や,常に“薬の携帯”や“禁忌食”などが,日常生活に大きな負荷としてのしかかり,何事にも思い切り取り組むことのできない残念さが喘息児の日常生活でのQOLを左右している.
  • Joweria Nambooze, Miho FUJIMURA, Tsukasa INAOKA
    民族衛生
    2013年 79 巻 5 号 112-122
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2013/11/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study assessed the nutritional status of children below 5 years pre-post typhoon Ketsana in the Oy ethnic group of Southern Laos.
    A prospective cross-sectional survey using a pre-post design was used. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain information on household food consumption and anthropometric measurements were carried out.
    There was 30% loss of domestic animals and 50% reduction in the average rice production with 20% of the households harvesting no rice at all. This affected the already strained food security situation. No significant difference was however seen between food consumption frequency pre-post typhoon Ketsana. Among the 18 subjects compared, prevalence of stunting and underweight was high (66.7% and 55.6% pre typhoon and 61.1% and 55.6% post typhoon respectively) and a McNemar test showed that the prevalence of wasting significantly decreased post typhoon Ketsana (p<0.01) whereas the prevalence of stunting and underweight didn't significantly change pre-post typhoon Ketsana (p>0.05).
    The nutritional status of the children was stable post the typhoon Ketsana. This could be attributed to the numerous coping strategies applied in order to have enough food to eat and the fact that the effect of the typhoon could not be seen within such a short period of time.
  • Hokuma Munakata, Masako Sei, Ashraf A. Ewis, Mayumi Umeno, Yoichi Sato, Takuro Nakano, Kozue Sakamoto, Yukiko Yoshida, Chiemi Onishi, Yutaka Nakahori
    The Journal of Medical Investigation
    2010年 57 巻 1,2 号 62-68
    発行日: 2010年
    公開日: 2010/03/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health problems in Japan, especially in Tokushima compared with other prefectures. This study was designed to clarify the life habits which predispose to development of obesity and can be modified through an appropriate intervention program to combat childhood obesity and its lifestyle-related diseases. A total of 216 school children from Itano Town, a municipality of Tokushima Prefecture, Japan, who are attending the fourth grade (9-10 years) of elementary schools, participated in the study from 2004 to 2007. The study included child’s life habits questionnaire, investigating physical activity by recording the daily steps using a pedometer, anthropometric measurements, hematological examination and hemodynamometry in a cross-sectional survey during a two-month period from June to July every year. We conclude that there are considerable gender-related differences for developing obesity and other lifestyle-related diseases; and all intervention strategies against obesity must consider such gender differences. For example, restriction of television watching hours must be intervened for controlling obesity in boys, however for girls, promotion of exercise practice or making more steps per day with adequate sleeping periods should be intervened as the proper approaches for preventing and controlling obesity and other lifestyle-related diseases. J. Med. Invest. 57: 62-68, February, 2010
  • 心的状態語と社会認知発達との関係から
    辻 弘美, 戸井 洋子
    国際幼児教育研究
    2018年 25 巻 17-30
    発行日: 2018年
    公開日: 2021/04/06
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 矢野 正敏, 安藤 雄一, 平川 敬, 原沢 正昭, 小林 清吾, 宮崎 秀夫
    口腔衛生学会雑誌
    2000年 50 巻 5 号 790-797
    発行日: 2000/10/30
    公開日: 2017/12/08
    ジャーナル フリー
    本研究の目的は,検査者盲検法により高校1年生時点における歯周組織の状況を評価することにより,塩沢中学校において1986年度から実施されてきた歯肉炎予防プログラムの成果を検討することである。予防プログラムの内容は,CPI(Community Periodontal Index)の診査結果に基づき,最高コード2以上の生徒に対する歯科医院への受診勧告,1年生に対する歯磨き指導を中心とした歯科保健教育である。対象は,高校1年生548名(男子;249名,女子299名)である。対象者を,塩沢中学校在学中に予防プログラムに参加した170名(男子;83名,女子87名)とそのほかの中学校出身の378名(男子;166名,女子212名)に群別し,両群間の歯周組織の状況および歯科保健行動を比較した。CPIにより歯周組織を診査した結果,塩沢中学校出身者のほうがそのほかの中学校出身者よりも歯周組織の状況が有意に良好であることが確認された。また,歯科保健行動について質問紙調査を行った結果,塩沢中学校出身者のほうが,歯科医院において歯磨き指導や歯石除去を受けた経験のある生徒の割合が高く,日常の歯磨き行動も良好であることが示された。以上の結果より,歯肉炎予防プログラムに参加したことにより,生徒の歯周組織の状況に一定の改善傾向が得られたものと考えた。
  • 國土 将平, 中野 貴博, 佐川 哲也, 笠井 直美, 小磯 透, 鈴木 和弘, 下田 敦子, 大澤 清二
    発育発達研究
    2010年 2010 巻 46 号 46_11-46_26
    発行日: 2010年
    公開日: 2011/02/20
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the standardization of height growth curves of 8 ethnic groups in Thailand and Union of Myanmar. The height of 16,000 children from 5 to 18 years old of 8 ethnic groups, i. e., Thai, Karen, Hmong, Lisu, Akha, and Lahu in Thailand, Burmese and Mon in Myanmar, was measured from 1994 to 2004 in Thailand, from 2005 to 2008 in the Myanmar. Modified BTT model was applied to height growth curve, and the fluctuation of standard deviation was smoothed using weighted moving variation and smoothing function developed by the authors. Finally growth charts were obtained using z-score of normal distribution. Resultant growth charts were generally satisfactory and were seemed to be useful from the perspective of data utilization. Though there are a few problems on the growth charts such as variance was decreased for more than 15 years old, or height growth has continued till 18 years old in some ethnic groups. Representing heights were different more than 10 cm among ethnic groups at 18 years of age. It was confirmed that it is important to create a growth chart by ethnic group respectively and utilize it in order to evaluate properly the growth status and the nutritional condition of the children.
  • ―“REPORT CARD ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH”に基づく国際指標を用いた検討―
    田中 千晶, 安部 孝文, 岡田 真平, 田中 茂穂, 奥田 昌之
    運動疫学研究
    2018年 20 巻 1 号 37-48
    発行日: 2018/03/31
    公開日: 2019/06/14
    ジャーナル フリー

    目的:本研究の目的は,国際指標に基づいて47都道府県の児童・生徒の身体活動の関連指標の都道府県間差を性別に検討することであった。

    方法:“Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth”において国際的な指標とされている身体活動関連指標について,47都道府県の児童・生徒の代表的なデータを用いて,各指標について基準を満たす者の割合を算出し,それに基づいて,各指標の等級付けを性別に行った。

    結果:47都道府県で活動的な移動手段および体型の等級は,A~Bであった。組織化されたスポーツへの参加はB~C,体力はB~D,座位行動はC~Dであった。家族および仲間の影響はDあるいはFであった。日常の身体活動量と活動的な遊びは評価ができなかった。性差をみると,女子の等級は男子に比較して,組織化されたスポーツへの参加と家族および仲間の影響はいずれの都道府県でも,活動的な移動手段は,一部の地域において低かった。男子の座位行動の等級は,いずれの都道府県でも女子に比較して低かった。

    結論:体力を除く各指標の等級の地域間差は概して小さかった。しかし,一部の指標の等級はいずれの地域でも低く,改善が必要である。また,組織的なスポーツへの参加,家族および仲間の影響および座位行動,一部の都道府県の活動的な移動手段に性差があり,地域ごとに性差を考慮した対策の必要性が示唆された。

  • 永井 純子, 吉本 佐雅子, 松浦 尊磨, 西岡 伸紀, 有吉 綾子, 川下 裕子, 大川 尚子, 川島 隆, 赤星 隆弘, 竹本 康史, 勝野 眞吾
    学校保健研究
    2006年 48 巻 1 号 3-17
    発行日: 2006/04/20
    公開日: 2024/02/23
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Mikako Inokuchi, Nobutake Matsuo, John I. Takayama, Tomonobu Hasegawa
    Endocrine Journal
    2018年 65 巻 2 号 213-220
    発行日: 2018年
    公開日: 2018/02/26
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/12/08
    ジャーナル フリー HTML

    Obesity in children is a serious public health problem in Japan. However, the prevalence of central fatness has not been well determined in Japanese youth. We studied the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) using line of equality analysis in 5,787 boys and 4,639 girls aged 6 to 17 years who participated in the 1992–1994 national survey on body sizes. WC was measured at the level of maximum waist narrowing in girls (WC1) and at the level of the top of iliac crest in boys (WC2). Using the 1978–1981 national survey data as baseline reference, excess fatness was defined as measurements exceeding the 90th centile in WC or in BMI. Among boys, 2,466 (42.6%) had WC2 >90th centile and 1,029 (17.8%) BMI >90th centile; whereas among girls, 895 (19.3%) had WC1 >90th centile and 673 (14.5%) BMI >90th centile. WC2-standard deviation scores (SDS) exceeded BMI-SDS in 5,060 (87.4%) boys and WC1-SDS exceeded BMI-SDS in 3,168 (68.3%) girls, respectively. Our results suggested a much higher prevalence of central fatness than generally recognized for Japanese children and adolescents, in particular, in Japanese boys.

  • Miwako Maeda, Tomoki Maeda, Kenji Ihara
    Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis
    2022年 29 巻 12 号 1709-1726
    発行日: 2022/12/01
    公開日: 2022/12/01
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2022/01/29
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス HTML

    Aims: We assessed 27-year trends in obesity and blood lipid levels of 10-year-old children to estimate the risk of metabolic syndrome in adulthood.

    Methods: Based on a screening program for lifestyle-related diseases in school children in Oita City, Japan, we evaluated secular trends in height, weight, percentage of overweight (POW), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C) of fifth graders (median age: 10.8 years) in Oita City from 1991 to 2017. We focused on the secular trend in the percentage of children with inappropriate serum levels of each lipid. We also evaluated the long-term trends in the 95th, 50th, and 5th percentiles for each parameter, as dependent variables, with the calendar year as an independent variable. Percentages of children with mild obesity (POW-20), moderate obesity (POW-30), and severe obesity (POW-50) were set as dependent variables.

    Results: A total of 58,699 boys and 56,864 girls were evaluated during the study period. The percentage of children with severe obesity (POW-50) consistently increased during these years, and the 95th percentile of degree of obesity significantly increased in both boys and girls. The plot of percentages of children with inappropriate levels of TC, TG, and non-HDL-C showed a mild inverted U shape during the study period. The HDL-C level typically decreased in the study period, and the TC, TG, and non-HDL-C levels were markedly higher while the HDL level was lower in obese children than in non-obese children.

    Conclusion: The number of children with severe obesity increased, and obese children had higher percentages of inappropriate lipid levels than non-obese children. The rate of dyslipidemia with low HDL levels gradually increased in all children in Oita City, Japan, over the past 27 years.

  • 藤井 勝紀, Hosung NHO, Seol-Hyang KIM, 花井 忠征
    教育医学
    2008年 54 巻 2 号 129-140
    発行日: 2008年
    公開日: 2021/10/26
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
    形態(身長,体重,座高)発育の時代変化について,日本では毎年,文部科学省による調査結果が発表され,6歳(小学1年)から17歳(高校3年)までの身長,体重,座高における横断的発育データが解析されている.韓国においても体育科学研究院で実施された国民体力実態調査が1989年から現在まで3年ごとのデータが公表されている.しかしながら,韓国において体格・体力の年次推移が公表されているが,その年次推移に関して検討している報告が見られない.もちろん韓国では,体育科学研究院で実施された国民体力実態調査における身長,体重の1989年から2004年までの経年傾向をみるかぎり,その時代の日本とそれほど変わらず大きな変化は示されていないことが窺える.しかし,これら知見において一定の検討はなされているものの,決して十分な解析が行われるとはいえない.特に,韓国に至ってはほとんど報告がない.そこで,藤井(2006)が提唱したウェーブレット補間法を適用し,先ず身長の発育速度曲線の記述から思春期最大発育速度年齢(Maximum Peak Velocity : MPV)を特定し,身長のMPV年齢の時代的変化から韓国青少年の形態の早期化を検討し,さらに,韓国の社会経済状況の変化が身長と体重発育の年次推移にどのように影響を及ぼしたかを検証する.その結果,本研究における韓国人青少年の形態発育において,特に身長のMPV年齢の若年化から成熟度の早期化と発育パターンの変化が示されたことは,韓国における社会経済の高度成長化による形態発育への影響を客観的に示す証左と考えられる.しかし,韓国では高度経済成長はすでに終盤であり,現在の韓国に生起している発育促進期は終わっているが,男女形態における青年期の発育量増大の年次変化を考えれば,日本人のような発育の鈍化には至っていないと考えられる.
  • 鷹木 達
    口腔衛生学会雑誌
    1986年 36 巻 3 号 306-327
    発行日: 1986年
    公開日: 2010/10/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    A previous report has shown the anticariogenic effects of combined topical fluoride application in school dental health programs (Isozaki, 1984). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cariostatic effects on each tooth surface in school children given topical fluoride treatments by using Cohort analysis.
    The subjects of this study were 827 school children (437 boys and 390 girls) who were in the 1-6 grade in 1975. Topical fluoride application was given once a year using an acidulated phosphate fluoride solution (0.9% F-, pH 3.6), and fluoride mouthrinsing was practiced 5 times a week after every school lunch with a phosphoric acid-acidfied sodium fluoride solution (0.05% F- pH 5.0). Cohort observations on each tooth surface were carried out for anticariogenic effects from 1976 to 1980 according to the school grade levels of the subjects.
    Cohort analysis on the DMFS of each tooth type showed a statistically significant anticariogenic effect in the groups which started these programs from the lower grade levels. The results were as follows: The proximal- and lingal-surface of central and lateral incisor, and occlusal surface of first and second premolar of maxilla, and occlusal surface of second premolar of mandibula showed a decrease in the DMFS rate. Especially, the group which started from the first grade showed high anticariogenic effect on the occlusal surface of the maxillar and mandibular first molar.
    These results study indicate that combined topical fluoride treatments have a high anticariogenic effect on each tooth surface.
    Regarding the measures of caries prevention applied to school dental health program, it is suggested that combined topical fluoride treatments are usefull, and that it is necessary to start from the lower school grade and to carry out this program continuously through the primary school years.
  • 性差と能力差に着目して
    比留間 浩介
    体育学研究
    2022年 67 巻 79-90
    発行日: 2022年
    公開日: 2022/02/10
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2021/12/14
    ジャーナル フリー
     The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of the arm swing movements of upper grade elementary school children during sprinting from the viewpoint of gender and differences in sprinting ability.
     Fifty-three children were asked to run 50 m and filmed from the side with a video camera. The subjects were then classified into 3 groups on the basis of their 50-meter sprinting time: an Excellent group (Group E), a Poor group (Group P), and an Average group (Group A). Kinematic data for the arm swing movements were then calculated and compared according to gender and differences in sprinting ability. The main results were as follows.
     1) A gender difference in upper arm movement was found in the minimum segment angle of the upper arm: girls swung their arms more forward than boys, even when groups with similar sprinting times were compared.
     2) When differences in upper arm movement were examined for each gender, it was found that the boys in group E showed significantly larger differences than those in groups A and P, and that group E swung their arms back and forth more widely than the other groups. With regard to upper arm angular velocity, which is an index of “arm swing speed”, group E group showed a significantly larger value than group P, and group E showed a faster backward arm swing. On the other hand, no such tendency was observed in girls, and no significant difference was found among the 3 groups with different sprinting speeds.
     3) In terms of gender differences in elbow joint movement, there were no significant differences in either angle or angular velocity between boys and girls.
     4) When the difference in elbow joint movement was examined for each gender, the maximum angle for girls in group E was significantly greater than that for girls in group A, but there were no significant differences in other areas.
     The above results indicate that the concepts of “swinging the arms back and forth significantly” and “swinging the arms fast”, which have been considered central for teaching during sprinting, are applicable to boys but not necessarily to girls. Furthermore, the concept of “maintaining elbow flexion” was not supported for both sexes.
  • Miki Tagami, Yukako Okuno, Tadamitsu Matsuda, Kenta Kawamura, Ryosuke Shoji, Kazuhide Tomita
    Journal of Physical Therapy Science
    2017年 29 巻 3 号 515-518
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/03/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    [Purpose] Normal values for respiratory muscle pressures during development in Japanese children have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate respiratory muscle pressures in Japanese children aged 3–12 years. [Subjects and Methods] We measured respiratory muscle pressure values using a manovacuometer without a nose clip, with subjects in a sitting position. Data were collected for ages 3–6 (Group I: 68 subjects), 7–9 (Group II: 86 subjects), and 10–12 (Group III: 64 subjects) years. [Results] The values for respiratory muscle pressures in children were significantly higher with age in both sexes, and were higher in boys than in girls. Correlation coefficients were significant at values of 0.279 to 0.471 for each gender relationship between maximal respiratory pressure and age, height, and weight, respectively. [Conclusion] In this study, we showed pediatric respiratory muscle pressure reference value for each age. In the present study, values for respiratory muscle pressures were lower than Brazilian studies. This suggests that differences in respiratory muscle pressures vary with ethnicity.

  • 中山 朗, 長住 達樹
    理学療法科学
    2011年 26 巻 1 号 19-22
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2011/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    〔目的〕本研究の目的は,成長期児童の下肢柔軟性と体格的要因との関係性を検討することである。〔対象〕小学6年生の男子61名,女子75名の136名であった。〔方法〕下肢柔軟性は下肢伸展挙上角度と膝関節伸展位での足関節背屈角度を測定し,身長・体重・BMIとの関連性を検討した。〔結果〕男子に比べて女子の柔軟性が有意に高かった。男女とも身長と柔軟性の関連は認められなかった。女子では体重の影響も認められなかった。しかし男子では体重の重い児童あるいは肥満傾向にある児童が柔軟性は低かった。〔結語〕小学6年生男子の柔軟性は身長ではなく,体重とBMIと関連があり,女子では体格的要因とは関連がないことが示された。
  • Masanori Kaji, Yuta Ono
    International Journal of Sport and Health Science
    2020年 18 巻 57-66
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2020/09/26
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2020/06/16
    ジャーナル フリー

    This study aimed to reveal the SA-PEC of elementary school students in Japan through the development of an “SA-PEC Scale for Elementary School Students,” and to reveal the features of SA-PEC for different student grade levels and sex.

    As a result of the study, it was revealed that subjective adjustment toward PE classes was comprised of 6 factors, with a total of 17 items of “feeling of acceptance and trust”, “existence of task and purpose”, “feeling of growth”, “presence of peers”, “self-expression”, and “affinity toward PE classes”. Next, examinations in differences between school grades showed that scores were significantly higher among sixth graders than the fifth graders in the factors of “existence of task and purpose”, “feeling of growth”, “presence of peers”, and “affinity toward PE classes”. Furthermore, an examination into sex difference showed that scores were significantly higher among boys than girls in the factors of “feeling of acceptance and trust”, “existence of task and purpose”, “feeling of growth”, “self-expression”, and “affinity toward PE classes”. From this, the P.E. subjective adjustment scale is believed to reflect the extent to which the students have been able to internalize the PE course’s objectives.

  • Taishu Kasai, Hiroshi Kamada, Yohei Tomaru, Yuta Tsukagoshi, Tomofumi Nishino, Masashi Yamazaki, Shumpei Miyakawa, Hitoshi Shiraki
    The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine
    2020年 9 巻 2 号 53-64
    発行日: 2020/03/25
    公開日: 2020/03/10
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of musculoskeletal findings in elementary and junior high school children using 1-year prospective longitudinal data from a long-term survey. Data from 1209 (97.6%) of 1239 children were analyzed. The main results were as follows: “Limitation of standing forward flexion” was particularly frequent in the 4th grade in all children and in the 5th grade in boys and girls going on to the next grade. “Flat foot” was particularly frequent in boys in the 1st, 6th, and 8th grades going on to the next grade. In girls, the frequency of “flat foot” was particularly high in the 1st, 4th, and 8th grades going on to the next grade. Findings of scoliosis appeared more often in girls than in boys. Minor findings such as “asymmetrical height of the shoulder and scapula”, first appearing in the 4th and 5th grades, may be linked to the increase in “Rib hump” in the stage entering junior high school; it is important to pay attention to such changes in the scoliosis findings. This 1-year prospective longitudinal analysis demonstrated that the frequency of some musculoskeletal findings was high. We suggest that an extended longitudinal study will contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between the appearance of musculoskeletal findings and growth and development in school children. Accordingly, further analysis of the various stages of growth and development are needed.

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