A parafoil is applicable to an earth-returning vehicle as a promising gliding system. At landing is a useful way to brake a parafoil. Height from the ground was appropriate as a timing of . Maneuver of was automated by H8 microcomputer. Experimental flight system with parafoil was used to verify the proposed timing of . As a result, effective height to start a was between 3.5[m] to 4.5[m]

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A parafoil is applicable to an earth-returning vehicle as a promising gliding system. At landing is a useful way to brake a parafoil. In the present study an appropriate timing of was investigated by a simplified dynamic model of parafoil and payload. The optimum height to start was 4 m in order to achieve the least kinetic energy. The experimental flight system with parafoil was used to verify the proposed timing of .

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The 3D curved surface shapes of tight and flared skirts were predicted precisely by the angle curvatures (concentrated Gaussian curvature Kc, concentrated geodesic curvature kc, and concentrated mean curvature Hc), model sizes, skirt designs, and fabrics. All of the 72 skirts, encompassing 3 female body models (mean body sizes of Japanese women in their 20s, 40s, and 70s), 6 kinds of fabrics, tight skirts, and 3 kinds of flared skirts, were investigated with attention to the differences of the curved surface shapes in detail. It has been found that it is possible to predict the number of nodes on hemlines for these 72 skirts with the three totalized feature factors, |Σ±Kc|+|Σ±kc|, |Σ±Hc|, and weight (g/cm²) × hemline length (cm), underlying the physical properties of fabric and model sizes, based on slightly high or high correlation coefficients (r = 0.73 to r = 0.93). Therefore, the number of nodes on hemlines of these 72 skirts can be calculated by these three totalized feature factors using a multiple regression analyzing technique, (multiple regression coefficient R = 0.96), based on higher prediction accuracy.

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ぶどう膜炎によって前房中に蛋白質が増加した結果観察される房水フレアを客観的に評価するためにレーザーフレアメーターを用い、正常犬100眼、正常猫30眼および臨床症状と眼所見から片側性のぶどう膜炎と診断された犬10眼について測定した。その平均値は正常犬4.60±1.30（±SD）、正常猫6.14±1.60（±SD）ぶどう膜炎の犬83.18±3.20（±SD）(pc/ms)で正常犬眼とぶどう膜炎犬眼の両群間には高い有意差(p<0.05)が見られた。正常犬と正常猫の左右眼の値に有意差はみられなかった。正常犬眼を年齢別に比較してみると10歳齢以上の正常犬（平均年齢12.9歳齢）におけるフレア値の平均は6.10±1.22（±SD）で、4歳齢以下の正常犬（平均年齢2.1歳齢）の平均値4.20±0.99（±SD）に比べて有意に増加しており(p<0.01)、加齢によりフレア値が増加することが示唆された。房水フレアを定量的に測定できる本装置は犬と猫の房水フレアの評価において臨床上高い有用性を有することが示された。

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レーザーフレアメーター(FM-500, Kowa, Tokyo)はヘリウムネオンレーザーを用いて、前房水中の蛋白濃度を測定する装置である。この装置を用いた経験的上、散瞳していた方が測定が容易である。そこで散瞳によるフレア値の影響をみるために、19頭のビーグルの右眼に0.5%フェニレフリンと0.5%トロピカミドの合剤（ミドリンP, 参天，大阪）を1滴点眼した。左眼は点眼を施さずコントロールとした。フレアメーターによる測定は散瞳剤投与前、投与後30分、1時間、2時間、3時間、4時間目に両眼のフレア値を測定した。瞳孔径は散瞳剤点眼後速やかに散瞳し、統計学的に有意(p<0.01)な散瞳が4時間の実験時間を通して得られた。散瞳剤点眼後、右眼は速やかにフレアー値が低下をはじめた。左眼と比べて1時間、2時間、3時間、4時間で統計学的に有意(p<0.01)な低下を示した。今回犬の正常眼を用いた検討では、散瞳処置をおこない瞳孔を広げることで測定領域が広がり、レーザーフレアメーターによる測定は容易となった。しかし散瞳により測定値に統計学的な有意差が生じることから、散瞳剤を使用した眼では正確なフレア値が得られないことが示された。

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Shape factors of a tight skirt and 3 kinds of flared skirts were investigated precisely. Shape factors of circular fabrics were calculated from mechanical parameters obtained by KES system, however, those of skirts were obtained experimentally. Those results were compared with drape parameters of circular fabrics such as node number (n), static (D_s) and dynamic drape coefficients as revolving drape increase coefficient (D_r), saturated drape coefficient (D₂₀₀) and turning-around drape coefficient (D_d). They were also compared with node number and static drape coefficient of skits at hem line. Following conclusions were obtained. In the case of tight skirt, -1 skirt and -2 skirt, the shape factor showed high correlation with drape parameters of the skirts and circular fabrics. The shape factor of skirts has high positive correlation with node number and negative correlation with static drape coefficient of circular fabrics. In the case of -3 skirt, there is no correlation between the shape factor and the drape parameters of circular fabrics and skirts, hence shape factor becomes an important parameter which can evaluate the appearance of flared skirt objectively.

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太陽活動の変動と気象との関係を明らかにする目的で太陽活動の示数となる地磁気の変動度やソーラー•フレヤーを示数にとり,極東各地の日降水量との関係をキー•ディ解析によって調べた。
この結果によると,統計的には顕著なソーラー•フレヤーのあった日に日降水量は増加する傾向がはっきりしている。従来太陽からくる微粒子流が注目されているが,この結果からみるとソーラー•フレヤーにともなって増加する軟X線,または宇宙線などが何らかの機構により降水量を増加させるように働くとみた方がよいようである。多くの地点では地磁気の変動度の大きい日には,むしろ日降水量は減るところが多い。これは,地磁気の変動は顕著なソーラー•フレヤーの起きた時より2,3日遅れて大きくなるので,顕著なソーラー•フレヤーの起きた日に大気中の水が降水となって落ちてしまうとすれば説明がつく。
なお,ところによっては鍵の日より2日目とか6日目頃に2次,3次の降水量の増加が認められるが,これはおそらくソーラー•フレヤーによって生じた降水により,2次,3次の循環が生じ,降水が増すためであろう。
なお,本研究の経費の一部として「異常気象の綜合的研究」に対する文部省の科学研究費の援助をえたので,感謝の意を表する。

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Aim: The purpose of this study was to review the maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and to evaluate the prognostic risk factors that may contribute to obstetric outcomes or SLE -ups.
Methods: We evaluated 100 births in 97 SLE patients who were seen at Osaka University from 1995 to 2013. Main outcome measures included obstetric outcomes and SLE -ups.
Results: The mean patient age was 30.7±4.6 years, and the nulliparity rate was 62.8%. Corticosteroids were taken by 75.3% of the patients, and 48.5% were on a dosage of ≥7.5 mg/day. Disease -up and preeclampsia occurred in 17.5% and 11.3% of the patients, respectively. Seven SLE -ups (41.2%) occurred after delivery. Fourteen of the patients with a -up were taking high dose corticosteroids (≥7.5 mg/day) and showed significantly poorer obstetric outcomes compared to patients taking low dose corticosteroids (<7.5 mg/day) (P=0.0021).
Conclusions: A multidisciplinary approach in the care of pregnant women with SLE is important for good maternal and fetal outcomes. Furthermore, a high daily dosage of corticosteroids may be a prognostic risk factor for adverse SLE -ups.

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A flexible aeroshell for atmospheric entry vehicles has attracted attention as an innovative space transportation system. In this study, hypersonic wind tunnel tests were carried out to investigate the behavior, aerodynamic characteristics and aerodynamic heating environment in hypersonic flow for a previously developed capsule-type vehicle with a -type membrane aeroshell made of ZYLON textile sustained by a rigid torus frame. Two different models with different angles (45º and 60º) were tested to experimentally clarify the effect of angle. Results indicate that angle of aeroshell has significant and complicate effect on flow field and aerodynamic heating in hypersonic flow at Mach 9.45 and the angle is very important parameter for vehicle design with the -type membrane aeroshell.

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The modulation of cosmic rays at the time of the February 23, 1956 solar cosmic ray outburst has been estimated from the latitude variation of the cosmic ray intensity decrease observed in the period surrounding the event. The perturbing influence of these modulation effects on the rigidity spectrum of the radiation has been calculated. The change in the slope of the rigidity spectrum is found to be small as the modulation function does not have a strong dependence on rigidity between low and middle magnetic latitudes.

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A model test was conducted for models with two kinds of bow form in both regular and irregular waves in order to obtain information on effects of the bow to the deck wetness and asymmetry of the vertical wave bending moment. The model was made of synthetic resins so as to simulate bending rigidity of a full scale ship. The measured results are analysed to give the intensity of impact pressure in the bow, the frequency of the deck wetness and green sea and the asymmetry of the bending moment. Discussions are given to the effectiveness of the form against the deck wetness and the estimation method of nonlinearity of the bending moment.

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The Yohkoh spacecraft observed a large (Ha importance 3B and GOES (Geosynchronous Operational Environmental Satellite) class X6.1) on 27 October 1991. The showed strong gamma-ray emission above 1 MeV. The gamma-ray spectrum, which extends to 10 MeV/nuc, consists of electron bremsstrahlung continuum and several gamma-ray lines. The gamma-ray observation indicates that electrons and protons were accelerated to >1 MeV and >10 MeV, respectively, during the maximum phase of the . Assuming second-order Fermi stochastic acceleration, we derive the Bessel function-type proton spectrum of αT = 0.029 from a ratio of neutron capture line to nuclear deexcitation line fluences and estimate several parameters describing the acceleration process. In a case of first-order Fermi shock acceleration, the proton spectrum can not be derived from the gamma-my lines. If the shock compression ratio (ratio of upstream to downstream bulk plasma flow velocities) and the spectral characteristic energy are taken to be 1.8 and 100 MeV, respectively, the shock acceleration gives the proton spectrum similar to that obtained from second-order Fermi stochastic acceleration. It is not possible to determine the acceleration mechanism from the gamma-ray lines alone. Moreover, the Yohkoh hard X-ray spectrometer observed ⁷Be (429 keV) and ⁷Li (478 keV) lines resulting from ⁴He+ ⁴He reactions from two flares on 27 October 1991 and 15 November 1991 (H_α importance 3B and GOES class X1.0). From the ⁷Be and ⁷Li line profiles we suggest that the angular distribution of accelerated alpha particles (⁴He nuclei) is peaked in a direction tangential to the photosphere for the 27 October , whereas it is peaked in the downward direction for the 15 November .

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The 72 3D skirt curved shapes, including the tight and 3 kinds of flared skirts, on 6 kinds of fabrics, were categorized by using the both evaluations of both sensitivity images and the physical properties for the fabrics and designs of the skirt. The sensitivity image evaluations by 80 young Japanese women were adopted into the five fabric and the six design curved shape images, while the eight design curved shape parameters and the six fabric curved shape parameters were adopted using the physical properties. Both evaluation values of the 72 skirts were analyzed using the principal component analysis (PCA), and the four PC scores were classified into four skirt curved shape types. Three flared skirt types (9 all hem length flared skirts of thin and light fabric F, 22 high hem length flared skirts, and 23 low hem length flared skirts) are part of the Lady & Feminine Image Style, which uses the different fabric curved shape images and physical property parameter values with the 3D curvatures. While the low hem length type of 18 all tight skirts is the Sharp & Modern Image Style with high tension, hard skirt shape, and the small

node images that are based mainly on the low 3D curvature values. Furthermore, the predictions of the seven sensitivity images using the measurable physical property parameter values of the skirts were confirmed.

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Ejection and prapagation of the particles which excite abnormal ionization in the polar upper atmosphere are investigated from some statistical considerations on ionospheric data f-min and cosmic radio observation by riometer.
Relations between the flares and the polar-cap blackouts insist the trapping of particles into the cloud which would be responsible for the geomagnetic disturbances; that is, a part of the energetic particles ejecting from the propagate with relativistic velocity in interplanetary space along the twisted solar magnetic line of force extending to the earth and excite the S-type polarcap blackouts having sudden onset within a few hours after ; on the other hand, another part of the energetic particles ejecting from the is trapped into the cloud and is carried with rather low velocity, then the particles would reach the earth by leaking from the cloud and excite the G-type polar-cap blackouts having gradual onset about 10 hours before commencement of geomagnetic storms.

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Nine cases of femoral neck fracture in patients over 90 years of age were treated with Lateral cementless, proximal metaphysial fitting stems. All showed excellent initial fixation, bone preservation indicating physiological load transfer from the pelvis to both the medial and lateral femoral cortex, and restoration of function. There was no evidence of stress shielding. Eight of the 9 cases achieved their pre-operative level of mobility by 5 weeks post-surgery. One patient died secondary to acute renal failure of unknown etiology, within 6 weeks of the operation. One patient was reduced in mobility postoperatively as compared to her pre-operative level of function, but this was a loss of only one level on the Fujimori scale of mobility.

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The driver of transient solar activity is magnetic free energy stored in non-potential configurations. This energy is released impulsively, within a period of the order of 10 to 1000 seconds, by an as yet not completely understood process or chain of processes. We review our current knowledge of the observed characteristics of energy buildup and release, and the limitations of our understanding. We conclude that the coordinated international research effort, FLARES 22, is necessary for an effective attack on this problem of great importance to astrophysics, space physics, and space exploration.

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Solar flares consist of two broad groups: the compact and the eruptive ones. The first develop in complicated magnetic environments close to sunspots; the others are larger, and extend farther from spots. The recent YOHKOH observations have shown the close correlation between the ignition of compact flares and flux tube interaction or instability. There is also evidence that the interaction in a compact is not a single act but that it occurs repeatedly. The eruptive flares are related to prominence instability. Since they extend higher up in the corona in a fairly open field-line configuration, their correlation with particle or plasma cloud ejection is stronger than for compact flares. We advance arguments that particle acceleration in a fully developed consist of three phases: the first occurs in an e.m. field originating during the current-loop interaction or the loop instability, the second occurs in the shockwave field that develops immediately after that phase and the third one happens in the shock-wave field that originates higher-up in the corona after the .

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A numerical method is developed to simulate the bow slamming of fast ships. Curved ship body boundary is represented by the Porocity method within the constraints of a rectangular grid system. Numerical simulations are conducted using a cross section of a typical container ship with a large bow and the simulations are compared with model experiments. The results of the computed and measured pressure histories are comparable. Conventional slamming theories based on self-similarity, on the other hand, fail to predict the measured pressure on the . From the experiments and simulations the authors found that high pressure persists for a long duration of time without any sharp peak on the bow . Large scale structural damage might be caused by this pressure since it increases simultaneously over an extensive area on the when the upper part of the comes into contact with water.

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Space weather, or the disturbances of the plasma environment driven by the magnetic activities in the Sun in geospace, has become a potential source of disaster for modern society, which is increasingly dependent on its space infrastructure and large-scale power grids. Recently, independent pieces of evidence have been found that support the possibility of extremely intense space weather driven by a “superflare,” a solar phenomenon that modern society has never experienced. This paper reviews state-of-art studies of superflares and their potential impacts.

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