ザリガニの学習に関しては, 馴化 (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15) について調べた実験が多く, その他はオペラント条件づけ (1, 2, 3, 4, 10) について報告されているのみである。古典的条件づけの方はまだ報告されていないようである。ザリガニは神経系の構造が簡単な上に, 今ではバッタについで神経系の構築が明白な動物の一つとなりつつある。学習の神経機構を調べるには今後非常に良い材料になると思われるので, この面からもザリガニの古典的条件づけの実験が必要とされる。
本研究では, 光刺激を条件刺激, 電気刺激を無条件刺激として, アメリカザリガニで古典的条件づけを試み, どのような行動が発現するかについて調べた (11, 12, 13, 14) 。

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Interval arithmetic is applied to analysis of a nonlinear system, in particular, to computation of an output admissible set, which plays an important role in constrained control. A discrete-time system whose dynamics is expressed in polynomials is considered first. When the initial state of such a system is known to belong to some multi-dimensional interval, interval arithmetic enables us to compute an interval that includes all possible states after some time steps. This fact together with polynomial optimization is used to compute an output admissible set. Numerical examples show efficacy of the proposed approach. Extensions are considered to non-polynomial systems and continuous-time systems.

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The aim of this paper is to examine what grammatical reletions are to be acknowledged for the description of the structures of English sentence and how they should be defined.
Starting with Jespersen's five grammatical relations, the author first shows that the Object, the Predicative and the Subjunct are the problems.
Accordingly, in the first section, the author makes an attempt to redefine them with help of such notions as verb subcategorization, functional argument and so forth, developed by transformational grammarians, by inferring what traditional grammarians want to get at by those relational notions from the analyses they suggest.
The second section treats the nexus, the notion Jespersen introduced. For the elements that other grammarians analyzed as Predicative are analyzed as being part of a dependent nexus, the notion of which is very much like the one of embedding in the transformational grammar.
In the third section, the author argues that there are some infinitival phrases that have to be analyzed as Predicative and so the definition proposed in the first section is modified somewhat.
The fourth section argues that some adverbials are to be analyzed asbeing outside of the nexus and therefore the notions of nexus and sentence have to be introduced into the grammar together with two relational notions, i.e., Disjunct and Dejunct, to cover two types of adverbials, the one being under the sentence and the other being under the nexus.
The final section shows by arguing that the verb be altogether has to be analyzed as being outside of the Predicate-Phrase that what are to be analyzed as Predicative by the definition suggested in the third section should be analyzed as something like the embedded Predicate-Phrase, the notion of which Lasnik - Fiengo's VP Complement is suggestive of.
All the arguments of the five sections point to the conclusion that there needs to be seven relational notions, i. e., Nexus, Disjunct, Suject, Auxiliary, Predicate-Phrase, Predicate and Dejunct for the description of the structures of English sentences and at least two of those for the description of four such grammatical categories as VP, NP, AP and PP.

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