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This study explored the constructs of consolidation Vocabulary Learning Strategies () of Japanese EFL learners, and examined its relationship with the use of vocabulary in writing. The participants in the questionnaire survey were 463 Japanese EFL students from the first grade in senior high school through to freshmen in university. Descriptive statistics showed the tendency of usage that changed over a period of learning experiences. A factor analysis of the questionnaire indicated that they were classified into the following four strategies different from previous studies: organization, rehearsal, note-taking, and language exposure. Previous studies identified the organization strategy as the one that influences the performance in the target language. In this study, however, the language exposure strategy was the only one that seemed to influence the number of indexes in writing by the 62 high school third grade students. It was concluded that classroom instruction, enhancing the language exposure strategy, should be more encouraged, and usage and its relationship with the proficiency in the target language should be further examined by revising the questionnaire.

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For an exploration in very large scale field, it is necessary to establish very-large-scale() multi-robots system and a localization of each robots. Then, we have proposed a novel localization algorithm of multirobots system. The proposed algorithm is based on an ad-hoc network between each robots and "Mi-Nashi trajectory". In this paper, to investigate the validity of proposed algorithm and the feasibility of the exploration by multi-robots, we conducted numerical simulation of the exploration of one or multiple objects by multi-robots system.

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We newly developed a fishing gear Vertical Longline for Sharks（）to effectively study the depth distribution of sharks, and compared its efficiency with that of horizontal longlines. This gear consists of a main line（245 m), branch line（5 m each), and galvanized iron hooks（13 pcs). Trial operations with were conducted monthly in Sagami Bay from July 2014 to February 2016 using RT/V Seiyo Maru（170 t）of Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology. The problems of were twisting of the main line and the branch lines, which often caused tangling to each other. Making major adjustment 5 times through 20 trial operations, we reduced the rate of the branch lines’ tangling by 16% and improved the working efficiency of . Based on the results, we discussed the causes of（1）the main line’s twisting and （2）the branch lines’ tangling. Catch per unit effort （CPUE: number of sharks captured per 1,000 hooks） of was 9.7, showing the fishing efficiency was comparable to horizontal longlines conventionally operated in Sagami Bay. To be noted is that Shortfin mako shark was captured for the first time during the operation in January 2015, and eventually 6 sharks in total by February 2016.

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In order to apply REBa₂Cu₃O_y (REBCO: RE=Rare Earth) superconductor, the superconducting properties of REBCO in magnetic field should be improved. For the improvement the superconducting properties, we focused on LaBa₂Cu₃O_y superconductor. The LaBCO has the highest critical temperature (T_c) among REBCOs. On the other hand, it is very difficult to obtain high T_c LaBCO thin films because LaBCO is easily substitutes La³⁺ ions for Ba²⁺ sites and forms solid solutions which have low T_c. For this problem, we used Vapor-Liquid-Solid growth mode () in fabricating the LaBCO epitaxial films in order to prevent La/Ba substitutions. In this study, we investigated an effect of the growth mode on the superconductivities in the LaBCO thin films and also studied substrates dependence of LaBCO thin films fabricated on various substrates and a buffer layer. From comparison between a -LaBCO film and a conventional LaBCO film, we confirmed that the growth mode was able to prevent the La/Ba substitutions. We compared superconducting properties of LaBCO thin films prepared on various substrates and a buffer layer and found that superconducting properties of LaBCO thin films was influenced by both the strain arising from the substrates and LaBCO crystallinity.

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The present study aims to explore the Vocabulary Learning Strategies () employed by high school English learners according to their vocabulary levels. Firstly, we clarify what types of are used by English learners and review earlier research findings. Secondly, we examine the variables related to learners at each level and consider how learners at different levels develop their . Finally, based on the results of our study, we conclude that, overall, verbal repetition strategies characterize their vocabulary learning, while imaging and organization strategies play important roles for learners who have a vocabulary of around the 2,000 word level. The results also suggest that learners who have reached the 3,000 word level display the ability to use various metacognitive strategies, a clear indicator of their development as autonomous vocabulary learners.

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It is necessary to increase the deposition rate in order to reduce the production cost of REBCO coated conductors. The Vapor-Liquid-Solid (

) growth technique is a method capable of fabricating a thin film with high-deposition rate and good crystalline orientation owing to a crystal growth through a liquid phase. Increase of oxygen partial pressure (P_O2) during the deposition is effective on increase of the deposition rate. However, since melting point of the liquid phase becomes higher with increasing P_O2, it is difficult to fabricate a film at the high P_O2. In this study, we tried to lower melting point of the liquid phase by adding Ag in the growth technique. By adding Ag to the liquid phase, growth mode in a stable liquid phase became possible even in the high P_O2. As a result, we achieved fabrication of a film at a high deposition rate of 26.0 nm/sec with good crystalline orientation and the critical current density (J_c) of the film was improved.

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  In order to improve a critical current density under applied magnetic fields, an addition of BaMO₃ (BMO; M=Zr, Sn) nanorods into REBa₂Cu₃O_y (REBCO) films is actively discussed. Although superconducting properties of the REBCO films are dramatically enhanced by self-assembled BMO nanorods, the growth mechanisms of the BMO nanorods have not been clarified yet. In this study, in order to clarify the growth mechanisms of the BZrO₃ (BZO) nanorods and to further improve the superconducting properties, we fabricated a BZO-doped Sm_1+xBa_2−xCu₃O_y (Sm+BZO) film by using modified Vapor-Liquid-Solid () technique (-Sm+BZO/i). From the surface morphologies, there are BZO particles grown at step in the spiral growth measured by Br-etched films doped with BZO. In general the impurity-related phase was pinning of growth fronts on REBCO films on substrate. Thus, we can conclude the variation of the surface morphology in films is explained, not by the difference the step energy, but impurity phase could be responsible for the pinning and bending of different growth fronts, resulting in the formation of screw dislocations. From the plan-view TEM images, -SmBCO+BZO film is approximately 9 nm in diameter of BZO nanorods, whereas -SmBCO+BZO/i film is 7-8 nm. To create the BZO nano island/dots on the seed layer introduced the increase of the density of BZO nanorods. From the cross-sectional TEM images, columns of BZO nanorods aligned along [001] or the c-axis of SmBCO are clearly seen in the films. Columnar BZO structures growing from the substrate to the surface have been observed. Nano BZO particles grown on the seed layer remained after the growth. Nano BZO rods separated by 5 nm SmBCO spacer layers are shown to exhibit self-organized growth along c-axis of SmBCO.

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Whiskers and needle crystals (prisms) of aluminum nitride (AlN) prepared by the sublimation method were found to grow through the so-called mechanism. Their growth direction coincides with the c-axis. The starting material of AlN was decomposed into aluminum vapor and nitrogen above 2000°C and they were dissolved into a molten agent such as iron. Whiskers and prisms of AlN grew from the molten agent saturated with aluminum and nitrogen between 1550°C and 1700°C. Consequently most of the whiskers and prisms of AlN prepared by the sublimation method were crowned with a globe of such an agent as iron on the top.
Iron, cobalt and manganese are effective agents for the growth mechanism of whiskers and prisms of AlN. Iron is the most effective and typical among them.
In the case of the growth mechanism of AlN, the growth in the direction perpendicular to the c-axis scarcely takes place even after the main growth in the parallel to the c-axis have sufficiently developed.

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Cd and Zn fine crystals were grown by mechanism in a binary system such as Cd-Bi, Cd-Sn and Zn-Sn. The nucleation of them was homogeneous nucleation, which was explained by our consideration. Morphology of these crystals was pencil-shaped at a low temperature but was polyhedral at a high temperature. whiskers also grew at a high temperature. The transition temperature was different between these systems. The liquid shape for growth on the tip of a crystal changed from hemispherical (low-temperature type) to thin filmy (high-temperature type). At the same time, faceted to non-faceted transition occurred at the interface between the liquid and the crystal, which was explained by our roughening transition theory. The growth rate of the crystals increased with in-creasing growth temperature, but was almost independent of the temperature of the vapor source, which was explained by our hert transport theory. The growth was ceased by incorporating the impurity such as Bi and Sn into the crystals. Both low- and high-temperature type morphologies changed to hexagonal prism by VS growth after the cessation of growth. The surfaces of the crystals were smooth or striated (step surface), which depended on the binary systems. When these crystals were grown in helium atmosphere, cavities appeared on the smooth surface, but did not on the striated surface.

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本研究では, 日本の高校生英語学習者による語彙学習方略 (以下) の使用に焦点を当て, 使用の一般的傾向と異なる学習成果の段階における傾向を明らかにすること, 簡便に使用を測定できる質問紙を提供すること, 英語学習をより促進できるような指導への示唆を導くこと, を目的とした。先行研究で示された高校生英語学習者のを用いて調査を行い, 15高等学校からの1, 177の回答を分析し, 先行研究に示される「体制化方略」「反復方略」「イメージ化方略」の3因子を仮定するモデルが確認された。同時に学習成果を測定し, 上位・中位・下位に分割して分析を行った結果, 使用の強さが上位・中位はあまり異ならないがそれら2群と下位では顕著に異なり, 異なる間の相関は中位と下位ではあまり相違ない一方で上位ではイメージ化方略と他の2方略が比較的独立している, という結果が得られた。このことから, 指導や語彙指導の際に, 学習成果の度合いに応じて効果的な は異なるという点に留意する必要性が示唆された。

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For an exploration in very large scale field, it is necessary to establish very-large-scale() multi-robots system. However it is difficult to apply the conventional localization method for multi-robots because of cost and algorithm. Then we examinde proposed method with "Mi-Nashi" trajectory and broadcast communication through the experiment with five mobile robots and investigated the error of normal node.

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Cd or Zn fine crystals having the shape of whiskers or polyhedrons were grown by a physical vapor deposition method. Their growth mechanism was (Vapor-Liquid-Solid) growth. The nucleation of the crystal growth occurred in the eutectic alloy droplet (homogeneous nucleation) and not at the interface between the droplet and a glass substrate (heterogeneous nucleation). The purpose of the present study is to explain this reason.
In order to decide the nucleation type (homogeneous or heterogeneous), we introduced the parameter Y defined as Y=γ_SG−(γ_LG+γ_SL), where γ_SG, γ_LG and γ_SL are the interfacial tension between the crystal and the glass, between the liquid and the glass, and between the crystal and the liquid, respectively. When Y>0, the nucleation type is homogeneous, and when Y<0, it is heterogeneous.
In the case of -grown Cd or Zn crystals, it was found from the data on the surface tension that the parameter Y was positive. Therefore, it was concluded that the nucleation type of the Cd or Zn crystals was homogeneous.

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トウガラシ属のCapsicum annuum 7品種, C. chinense3品種, C. frutescens 2品種, C. baccatum 3品種を供試し, 種間雑種に発現する座止及びウイルス病類似病状 (Virus-like Syndrome, ) について検討した.前報(8)で C. chinense ‘No. 3341’ と C. annuumとの種間雑種で座止を発現することを認めたが, ここで供試した C. chinense の他の2品種も‘No. 3341’と同一と思われる座止発現遺伝子を持つことが明らかとなった.
C. frutescens ‘タバスコ’もC. chinense ‘No. 3341’と同一と思われる座止遺伝子を持つことが認められた.
C. annuum とC. chinense 及び C. frutescens とのF₁における座止発現には細胞質の関与は認められなかった.
C. chinense び C. baccatum 及び C. frutescens とC. baccatum の種間雑種は, いずれの組合せび C. baccatumを花粉親とした場合にが発現し, 逆交雑では. は発現しなかった. このことからの発現には核内遺伝子とともに, C. chinense あるいはC.
frutescens の細胞質が関与していると認められ, C.chinense と C. frutescens の細胞質には遺伝的に一部共通性があることが示唆された. また, C. annuum ‘ブラック•プリンス’×C. baccatum ‘No. 3985’にが発現し, C. annuum の品種の中には, C. chinenseあるいは C. frutescens の細胞質と遺伝的に一部共通するものの存在が認められた.

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This paper proposes a software-controllable variable line-size (SC-) cache architecture for low power embedded systems. High bandwidth between logic and a DRAM is realized by means of advanced integrated technology. System-in-Silicon is one of the architectural frameworks to realize the high bandwidth. An ASIC and a specific SRAM are mounted onto a silicon interposer. Each chip is connected to the silicon interposer by eutectic solder bumps. In the framework, it is important to reduce the DRAM energy consumption. The specific DRAM needs a small cache memory to improve the performance. We exploit the cache to reduce the DRAM energy consumption. During application program executions, an adequate cache line size which produces the lowest cache miss ratio is varied because the amount of spatial locality of memory references changes. If we employ a large cache line size, we can expect the effect of prefetching. However, the DRAM energy consumption is larger than a small line size because of the huge number of banks are accessed. The SC- cache is able to change a line size to an adequate one at runtime with a small area and power overheads. We analyze the adequate line size and insert line size change instructions at the beginning of each function of a target program before executing the program. In our evaluation, it is observed that the SC- cache reduces the DRAM energy consumption up to 88%, compared to a conventional cache with fixed 256B lines.

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