目的：当院，施設職員の喫煙状況，喫煙意識の確認を行い，さらなる喫煙率低下のサポートを行うためアンケート調査を行った．

　方法：当院，施設に勤務する職員436人を対象に各属性や喫煙状況，喫煙に対する意識調査を無記名自記式アンケートにて調査を行った．

　結果：410人（回収率94％）より回答が得られた．喫煙者は男性22人（21％），女性32人（10％），年齢別では，20歳代が11人（12％），30歳代が14人（12％），40歳代が17人（17％），50歳代が10人（12％），60歳代以上が2人（8％）であった．職種では医師1人（9％），看護職34人（全体13％，男性20％，女性12％），リハビリ職8人（13％），医療従事者（医師，看護職，リハビリ職以外）8人（19％），事務職3人（11％）であった．当院，施設の職員では女性職員（10％），女性看護職（12％），看護師（男性32％，女性12％）の喫煙が全国平均喫煙率より高いことが判明した．受動喫煙に伴う健康被害の理解は喫煙者，非喫煙者ともに非常に高かった．喫煙に対する意識は，非喫煙者では，「医療従事者は喫煙するべきではない」が，喫煙者では「医療従事者は喫煙するべきではないとは思わない」が有意に多かった（p＝0.003）．

　考察：当院，施設職員の禁煙への行動変容ステージモデルは一般喫煙者集団と同程度であり，喫煙者，非喫煙者ともに喫煙，受動喫煙による健康被害の理解は非常に高く，医療従事者における喫煙意識も「気を付ければ問題なし」が最も多いことから，健康被害に関する教育のみでは行動変容や喫煙意識を変え，さらなる禁煙率の上昇は達成しがたい可能性が考えられる．喫煙率が高いと判明した女性看護職員，看護師に対し重点的に喫煙の健康教育介入を行うこと，健康教育に使用する媒体は，知識を文字や数字で表したものではなく，禁煙の行動変容のきっかけとして有効とされる，ライフイベントに係わる事柄を中心に，心情に働きかけるイラストや写真を多く使用することが有効であると考える．

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The compound herbal medicine Wu-chu-

yu

-tang is used for the treatment of migraine and vomiting accompanying a cold. To assess the interactions of herb and drug metabolism, effects of Wu-chu-

yu

-tang on hepatic and renal cytochrome P450 (CYP), UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were studied in C57BL/6J mice. Treatment of mice with 5 g/kg per day Wu-chu-

yu

-tang for 3 days caused 2.5-fold and 2.9-fold increases of liver microsomal 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation (EROD) and 7-methoxyresorufin O-demethylation activities, respectively. However, CYP activities toward 7-ethoxycoumarin, benzphetamine, N-nitrosodimethylamine, erythromycin and nifedipine, and conjugation activities of UGT and GST were not affected. In kidney, Wu-chu-

yu

-tang-treatment had no effects on Cyp, UGT and GST activities. Among the four component herbs of Wu-chu-

yu

-tang, only Evodiae Fructus (Wu-chu-) extract increased EROD activity and CYP1a2 protein level. In E. Fructus, rutaecarpine, evodiamine and dehydroevodiamine are the main active alkaloids. At the doses corresponding to their contents in Wu-chu-

yu

-tang, rutaecarpine-treatment increased hepatic EROD activity, whereas evodiamine and dehydroevodiamine had no effects. These results demonstrated that ingestion of Wu-chu-

yu

-tang elevated mouse hepatic Cyp1a2 activity and protein level. E. Fructus and rutaecarpine contributed at least in part to the CYP1a2 induction by Wu-chu-

yu

-tang. Patients should be cautioned about the drug interaction of Wu-chu-

yu

-tang and CYP1A2 substrates.

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The following recent research results of the Mei- phenomenon in southeastern China are reviewed in this paper. 1) Case studies of a Mei- frontal system during June 10-15, 1975. This system was studied in detail for its rainfall characteristics, kinematic and dynaniical structures, budgets of vorticity, moisture, and kinetic energy, and the accompanying mesoscale systems. The results suggested the dynamical processes for maintaining a Mei- trough and the role of a low level southwesterly jet in the formation of mesoscale cb clusters. 2) Composite studies of 8 cases of Mei- frontal systems during the more active years of 1975 and 1977. The structure variation in different stages and different segments of the Mei- trough observed in the individual cases was substantiated. 3) The climatology of Mei- front and its associated frontogenesis and low level jet over southern China and Taiwan for 1968-77. 4) Numerical simulation of the Mei- frontal system. One of the more interesting conclusions in the model simulations is the formation of a low level jet to the south of the Mei- front due to a secondary circulation induced by the convective latent heat release.

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A human cell line (-137) isolated from a bone of malignant fibrous histiocytoma in bone was evaluated using immunofluorescent staining methods. Cell cycle fractions were studied by flow cytometry. The magnitude of G₂+M fraction in a cell cycle of an exponentially growing population of -137 was higher than that observed in HeLa S3 cells. The doubling time of -137 cells was 3.2 days. The radiosensitivity of this cell line was compared with HeLa S3 and HMV-1 cells from dose response curves against X-irradiation. The parameters of radiosensitivity of -137 against X-irradiation were n=2.0, D₀=1.05 Gy and D₀=0.73 Gy. From these data, the radiosensitivity of -137 was discussed.

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This research explores the significance of Fukuzawa Yukichi's influence upon Kil-chun's educational ideas, contained in his famous work, Seoyukyyeonmun, "Western Learning". Kil-chun studied at Keio-kijuku in Japan (Univ. of Keio) from 1881 to 1882, and in 1895, he published Seoyukyyeonmun with support from Fukuzawa Yukichi. It is therefore assumed that Fukuzawa Yukichi's educational ideas of Enlightenment naturally influenced Kil-chun's ideas that are found in Seoyukyyeonmun. This research makes three arguments regarding Kil-chun's educational ideas that are discussed in Seoyukyyeonmun. First, Kil-chun's views on history were based on social evolution theory. He tried to realize Choson modernization in Choson through the methodology of this theory. Second, Kil-chun's views on human rights and the nation follow Enlightenment ideals that emphasized freedom of the individual and the sovereignty of the nation. Third, Kil-chun's educational ideas were based on concepts of Western Enlightenment philosophy.

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In this paper I take up Emperor as portrayed in The Tale of Flowering Fortunes (Eiga monogatari) and specifically the depiction of the inner palace and Junshi's promotion to an empress. Countering the interpretation of Emperor choice of Junshi over Senshi as misjudgment as pointed out by previous research, I attempt to offer a new interpretation of his decision. By drawing parallels to the issue of the succession of the throne as discussed by historians, I consider the state of Emperor inner palace and the logic of his decision, focusing on his tendency to prioritize the regency by preserving Kanemichi's will and complying with Regent Yoritada, as well as the problem of the throne concession that faced (in particular, the great number of imperial princes born to his elder brother Emperor Reizei). In The Tale of Flowering Fortunes Emperor appears within a web of complicated human relations. Such historical awareness of The Tale of Flowering Fortunes provides a glimpse into various aspects of Emperor during the transitional period from the monopolization of the position of the regent by the members of Kujor and Mido families into the throne succession from to Ichijo.

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Face a la preponderance de l'anglais, le francais se situe aujourd'hui en 3e ou 4e place dans l'ensemble de l'enseignement des langues secondes a Taiwan. D'apres les questionnaires d'une enquete sur l'apprentissage du francais, ce qui pousse les etudiants ou les eleves a choisir le francais est davantage lie a l'aspect culturel qu'a l'aspect langagier. Mais, considerant que l'apprentissage de la plupart d'entre eux ne dure que 6 mois ou un an selon les circonstances, nous sommes incites a examiner la motivation et les difficultes des apprenants dont la langue maternelle est le chinois. Pouvons-nous ameliorer cette situation pour que les apprenants poursuivent leurs etudes francaises a long terme ? Le texte qui suit apportera quelques elements de reponse a cette question. Et ce sera la strategie culturelle qui apportera sa contribution a l'apprentissage du francais.

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Infectivity was assayed by infecting human T-lymphocytes, H9, Molt-4, and MT-4 cells with different strains of AIDS viruses (HTLV-III, LAV, ARV, and viruses). Human T-lymphotropic virus type-III (HTLV-III), lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV), and AIDS-associated retrovirus (ARV) were able to infect all kinds of target cells tested and to induce virus-specific antigens, whereas Japanese isolates, viruses, infected only interleukin-2-dependent human T-lymphocytes. Long-term propagation of the viruses and pretreatment of the cells with Polybrene did not allow the virus to produce viral antigens by infecting H9, Molt-4, and MT-4 cells. Thus, viruses have a rather narrow host range as compared with HTLV-III, LAV, and ARV. These different infectivities may be reflected in the progress and symptoms of AIDS in vivo.

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Industrial development today is no longer simply a management problem of efficient utilization of resources and energy. It has to be constrained by “sustainable development of the environment” and “civil cultural concerns”. The management of enterprises need to establish environmental management and responsible care system, to move under a practical management strategy toward persistent educating all company staff on the concepts and values of environmental protection and ecological conservation, and to use cleaner production technologies to drive a greening business culture.
The environmental protective management strategy are as follows : Fibrous raw materials (silviculture of quick grow species, Raise pulp and paper production yield), Water resources (Classification of water quality and reduce feed water, Closure of white water system, Recycling and reuse of treated effluent), Energy (Process improvement, Raise the operational consistency of the pulp stock, Co-generation, Waste paper recycling), Pollution abatement (Promote the ISO 14001, Persistent reduction of air, water and solid waste, Resource recycling and reuse of industrial waste).

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The subsystem "gasosphere" is distinguished in the earth's system. An analysis of the equations of state of volatile substances shows that the area of supercritical state corresponds to the P-T conditions of deep petrogenesis. Supercritical gases are dissolvents and therefore can play an important role in the formation of deep conductivity anomalies and probably of anomalies in other geophysical fields.

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The Chiang-Nan districts have developed since Sung Period as the primary economic foundation in Chine, and their development has been main tained through the utilization of the special geographical features called -t'ien and wei-t'ien, etc. The irrigation work in the -t'ien regions may be classified into the three operations: (1) the repair of -an (2) the dredging of water courses (3) the drainage of -t'ien. It may also be added, after these considerations, that the three operations, different as they are from each otheir forms, have been carried on by the cooperation among the regions surrounded by many creeks. There exists in the irrigation work a strong joint labor organization on the basis of the regional union, and this very joint labor organization has constituted a very important factor in the uniting of the communities gathering round .

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An L-band wind profiler deployed at an industrial park (120.38°E, 22.6°N) close to Kao-Hsiung city in southern Taiwan is utilized to diagnose the vertical structure of Mei- frontal precipitating cloud systems observed during 9-11 June 2006. Observational results show several mesoscale convection systems associated with the Mei- frontal cloud produced heavy rainfall over Taiwan island. Mei- precipitating clouds are classified into three types: convective, mixed convective-stratiform and stratiform based on vertical profile of Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)/Reflectivity and Doppler velocity during approaching, passing, and leaving stages of the cloud systems. In approaching and pre-passing stages of Mei- frontal clouds, a pre-dominant convective precipitation without a significant bright band is observed. In contrast, a pronounced bright band around 4 km was observed during post-passing and leaving stages of the frontal clouds with stratiform precipitation. Doppler velocity profiles show hydrometeors (ice/snow) at 5 km and rain below 4 km for stratiform precipitation. For Mei- frontal stratiform precipitation the melting particles accelerations of 3.3 ms^-1 km^-1 are observed for the bright band region.

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This paper examined southwesterly flows and rainfall around the Taiwan area during the mei-

seasons from 1979 to 2018. The occurrence percentage of the southwesterly flow events in southern Taiwan was highly correlated with 6-h accumulated rainfall and heavy precipitation in Taiwan, and those in northern Taiwan showed little correlation. Low pressure to the north of Taiwan and high pressure to the south exerted a large northward pressure gradient force across the Taiwan area, favoring the formation of southwesterly flows and rainfall in southern Taiwan. During an active year of southwesterly flow events, the Pacific high weakened and moisture was transported along two paths in the early mei- season: one from the Bay of Bengal and the other from the south of the Pacific high. The moisture-laden air resulted in a high equivalent potential temperature near Taiwan, which, in turn, created a large equivalent potential temperature gradient to the north of Taiwan. This setting favored the activity of mei- fronts and produced a low-pressure environment. The pressure gradient thus increased, supporting the formation of southwesterly flows. The southwesterly flows then helped in transporting more moisture toward the Taiwan area, resulting in heavy rainfall as well as a further increase of equivalent potential temperature. This kind of positive feedback produces more fronts, stronger southwesterly flows, and heavier rainfall during the mei- season. The study also suggests that the meridional component of the vertically integrated water vapor transport over the South China Sea and the Philippines in the early mei- season can be used to predict the occurrence of southwesterly flows and heavy rain for the entire mei- season.

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A feline T-lymphoblastoid cell line susceptible to feline immunodeficiency viruses (FIV) was established and designated as -1 cells. -1 cells continued to grow over one year with more than 100 successive passages in the presence of human recombinant interleukin-2. Surface antigens of -1 cells were feline Pan-T⁺, CD4⁺, and CD8^-. Susceptibility of -1 cells to FIV strains were higher than that of the primary culture of the feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells, indicating that this cell line should be useful for isolation, propagation, and neutralization test of FIV.

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The basic official policy of the Sung dynasty with regard to repairing embankments of t'ien 〓田 was characterized by consistent noninterference, leaving it to cooperative works of those who owned t'ien inside . Direct state interference and control were unnecessary because a system of labour service for embankment called chao t'ien chu tzu 照田出資 had been established as a traditional practice in the villages in this region. On occasions the authorities availed themselves of this system when they found necessity of embankment works. According to this system every owner of t'ien in a contributed to common funds his money assigned to him correspondingly to the size of his land, .and members of his household provided labour necessary for the embankment works. The system was the fairest and the most reasonable method in order to repair common banks with the least trouble because it could minimize conflicts of classes of people that arose from the difference of wealth. It is to be noted that there were two ways in which t'ien hu 佃戸, tenant farmers participated in embakment works. In one way they took intiative in undertaking repair works without any compulsion of their landlords, and carried out the works offering free service of their family labour. They did this because maintenance of embankments in good condition was directly connected with their crop and was their vital concern not to be neglected. But there was another more important reason for it, namely economic circumstances of the owners of t'ien; that is to say, the landowners could not afford to carry out chao t'ien ch'u tzu which required contribution of large amount of money. In the other way, when the works were carried out on the basis of the practice of ahao t'ien ch'u tzu, t'ien hu were employed and given money out of the common funds contributed by the owners of t'ien. The conditions of their employment were the same as those on which members of t'ien-owners' households of various classes and many other labourers outside the were employed" It was not that their social status as t'ien hu meant that they were compelled to labour at the embankment works by their landlords, but that they were willingly engaged in the works for the purpose of supplementing their family budgets. Although their wages in general were low since, the nature of the work was simple and required neither skill nor intellect, the rate of the wages were determined in keeping with supply-demand relation, different social customs of villages, or the wages paid by the authorities to the labour at such public works as building or repairing pei t'ang 〓 dams.

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There are three kinds of translation of "The Tale of Genji" in Korea. Among those, the Jung translation in "The complete series of world literature" published in 1975 has been assumed as the first translation until now However, I have clarified in this report that the first version of Korean translation was in 1973 in "A perfect collection of world classiccal literature." Then, mainly taking the examples of the "Yugao" chapter, I considered an ideal method of translation of classical literature works while comparing characteristics of Jeong translation with Akiko Yosano translatioon. I pointed out that Jeong translation overused old expressions and vocabularies and replaced 31-syllable Japanese poems with songs peculiar the race and used a Korean dialect. Therefore they make Jeong translation of "The Tale of Genji" quite original..

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This paper focuses on Yuhan Corporation, which is one of the most respected companies in South Korea. This corporation always regards a company as a "public institution of society," and works toward business for society. We research how the business ethics of Il-han, who is the founder of Yuhan Corporation, has been formed through reviewing his background. This paper reveals the following two points. 1) Il-han does not conduct business with clear business ethics in mind, but rather his management philosophy has been interpreted as pioneering in Korean business ethics. 2) His business ethics was formed within his personal background and social background. The former has roots in the philosophy of enlightenment based on Christian thought through his father Gi-Yeon. The latter is grounded in a situation of poverty and increasing momentum toward an independent homeland under colonial occupation at the time.

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