被保険者家族(主婦群)に対し保健指導を行い7項目の数値データを指導前後で改善が見られたかどうかを (1)差の, (2a)変化量の差の検定および (2b)ロジスティック回帰分析の手法を用いて検定した。上記諸方法での検定では差が認められず新しい手法による比較法が必要となった。これらの健診データの比較対比の難しさについて言及した。

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  手術部位感染(SSI)を比較する場合，リスクを調整した標準化感染比(SIR)が指標となる．米国疾病予防管理センター(CDC)の公開ソフトウェア等でSIRを検定し，SSIを比較する方法を提言する．
  観測SSI数(SSI_観測)を予測SSI数(SSI_予測)と比較する際，リスク度の総和であるRisk Index Category (総リスク度)にて調整する．SIR=SSI_観測/SSI_予測にて，分母SSI_予測は当該術式の総リスク度別にSSI割合(%)を0.01倍し，全例に合計する．比のは二項分布を変換して正規分布に近似させるが，近似上の問題により目安として，(観測数)×(予測確率)=SSI_予測≧5または<5により2分することが勧められる．
  SSI_予測≧5の場合はを行い，Excel^TMにてp値を容易に得られる．SSI_予測<5の場合は二項検定またはPoisson検定を行い，共にCDCの無償ソフトウェアEpi Info^TM 6が日本語コンピュータも容易に使用できる．
  なお総リスク度毎に検定を繰り返す多重検定は，第1種過誤(帰無仮説を“正しいのに棄てる過誤”)となりえるが，これは上記の一括的な検定で補える．

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2022年度より高等学校において新学習指導要領に基づいた授業が始まる．必修科目である数学Ⅰの「データの分析」では五数要約や箱ひげ図が中学校に移ったこともあり，新たに「仮説検定の考え方」が新たに加わった．仮説検定の考え方である一方で，正規分布による

やt分布によるt検定などの学習経験はあるもの，確率分布なしでどのような指導ができるのかいう不安や心配の声も耳にする．そこで，新学習指導要領の解説を参考にしつつ，仮説検定の教材を作成することを試みた．現状，教科書の検定も済んでいないので，最終的には教科書の完成を待たないといけないが，学習経験のないことを教える不安を少しでも解消できるように，場合の数と確率の単元の教材にはなるが，現行の学習指導要領のもとでも実施可能な教材を作成した．本稿では，作成した教材を作成のプロセスから紹介する．

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The vertical movement of the German cockroach Blattella germanica (Linnaeus) to upper floors was studied using a 700 cm vinyl tube as a model of a drainpipe in buildings and houses. The whole experiment was conducted in the dark. After three days of acclimatization with twenty cockroaches, the acclimated container was connected to the bottom of the tube on the third floor of a building, and two new containers were connected to the tube on the fourth floor (350 cm distant from the third floor) and fifth floors (700 cm distant), respectively. The cockroaches in each container were counted daily for four weeks. Food and water were set in the container on the third floor from the first to seventh day of the experiment, and from the eighth to 28th day, they were placed only in the containers on the fourth and fifth floors. Twenty-eight percent of both male and female German cockroaches stayed in the acclimated container for the first seven days. After food and water were moved to the new containers, many cockroaches moved to the new containers. For the last seven days, 30% of the males and 13% of the females stayed in the new containers, while 7.7% of males and 5.4% females stayed in the acclimated container. Thus, the cockroaches used the vinyl tube for both a passage and for a harborage.

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In this study, I focus on the Nishi-ohdai Regulated Utilization Area (RUA) of Yoshino-Kumano National Park, which was designated as the first such area after the RUA system was established in accordance with the Natural Parks Law. The study was based on the research on trends in visitors to the area and the questionnaire survey results, both of which have been conducted by the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) since the RUA designation was launched. In conclusion this study clarified that, in the area, about 97% of visitors have no perception of crowding and the visitors who expected to see the primeval atmosphere feel satisfied on the whole. I think this conclusion indicates the effect of RUA. The study was also examined from the perspective of the guide use in consideration of the future utilization method of the RUA based on the analysis result of questionnaire surveys.

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本研究では中学1年生 (中1), 高校1年生 (高1) の血清レプチン濃度について検討した。解析対象者として健康な非肥満者 (中1,352名 ; 高1,446名) を選定した。身長, 体重, 体脂肪率を測定し, 血清レプチン濃度はradioimmunoassay法で測定した。血清レプチン濃度の平均値は男女別, 学年別に有意な差がみられた ( , いずれもp<0.001)。分布の中央95%を含む範囲は中1 : 男子1.0-7.8ng/mL, 女子2.1-15.9ng/mL ; 高1 : 男子0.8-5.0ng/mL, 女子3.0-16.4ng/mLであった。血清レプチン濃度と体脂肪率は有意な正の相関関係を示した。その回帰式は男女で有意な差が認められ, 学年, 初経発来の有無による差は認められなかった。このことから, 思春期の血清レプチン濃度は, 年齢, 初経発来の有無によらず, 男女別に体脂肪率から推定することができると考えられる。

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近年GAFA等に代表される巨大IT企業によるデータ寡占が問題視されている。多くのデータを集め、個人の嗜好に合わせて打たれるターゲティング広告は消費者にとって意図しない購買行動を引き起こしている可能性もある。また物質的に豊かになり、モノ消費からコト消費という言葉ができたように消費者の価値観も多様化している。

本稿では消費行動の中でも広告などの様々な外的影響を受ける非計画購買に着目し、実店舗またはクッキーなど個人情報を販売促進に利用できるECサイトとの購買行動を比較して、消費者の消費特性、価値観の分析から非計画購買との関連性について考察する。

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In this study, a survey was conducted in the cities of Moriguchi and Neyagawa in Osaka Prefecture, where flooding occurred during heavy rains in 1997, regarding levels of knowledge and concern about urban flooding, awareness of self-help procedures, and participation in disaster preparedness activities. The survey data led to the findings about the nature and importance of disaster preparedness information. We found that even in a flood-prone area, self-help awareness is low. Information about the local area is an influencing factor on awareness of self-help measures and participation in voluntary disaster preparedness activities. Therefore the government should actively encourage public awareness of the importance of self-help during an urban flood, and conduct public information campaigns on what area residents can do for themselves and on subsidy programs.

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The identification of characteristic features of patients who complain mainly of maxillary or mandibular protrusion could provide useful information for orthodontic treatment.
We analyzed 14 female patients with maxillary protrusion and 22 female patients with mandibular protrusion using the MINI psychological analysis system.
Z tests were conducted in order to examine the deviation of each score from the standard score of the MINI system. In the case of maxillary protrusion, the scores for D (depression), Pt (psychasthenia), and Si (social introversion) were significantly lower than standard. Mandibular protrusion female patients scored significantly higher than standard for Hy (hysteria), and Pa (paranoia).
The X ² test was used to examine the deviation of dispersion values from the standard dispersion values of MINI. In the case of maxillary protrusion, no significant deviation from standard was observed. Mandibular protrusion patients showed significant deviation for Hs (hypochondriasis), Hy (hysteria), and Pa (paranoia).
These results suggest that, by comparison with the MINI standards, female patients with maxillary protrusion are apt to be optimistic and extrovert, showing fewer signs of anxiety and tension. They have lower levels of stress and tend to be sociable. Female patients with mandibular protrusion seem more liable to somatoform disorders (hypochondriasis and conversion disorders), tend to be hypersensitive and suspicious, and also display a variety of somatoform disorders (hypochondriasis, conversion, and somatization disorders) and hypersensitivity.

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Recently, it is becoming more challenging to cope with low success probabilities, much cost and severe competitions in a new drug development. An adaptive design is considered to be a promising tool for efficient development for its various types of adaptations and applications in multiple development stages. However, its flexibility does not necessarily make the development more efficient and it may always allow a risk of operational bias to use such a design. Thus, to consider the specific benefit and risk of each adaptive design using quantitative measures under a concrete setting, it is important to make intensive discussions and to share experiences between each side persons in charge. In this review, focusing on sample size re-estimation which is a relatively simple and basic adaptive design, I will give some outlines of methods and review statistical points to consider.

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本研究では，生活者が飽きることなく，省エネルギーかつ豊かな暮らしを創造するための情報や情報価値の可能性を検討することを目的とし分析を行った。認知度が高ければ実践度も高く情報取得意欲も高いことや、認知度が低くても実践意欲は高く情報取得意欲も高いという結果から，住まい手の課題解決や願望達成に関する情報を提供することは，行動する意欲を高める効果があることがわかった。

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 This study was conducted to consider the factors related to change in Noh stage style using <<johakyu go dan>> (johakyu five parts), which was established by Zeami (1363-1443) as “The grammar of Noh.” To this end, we examined the relations between Noh stage (jo zone, ha zone, and kyu zone) and musical accompaniment and dancing by employing three-dimensional computer graphics (3DCG) and statistical methods.
 Research was conducted with emphasis on the relation between the following two points as a method to clarify the factors of change in Noh stage after Zeami’s time. 1) Zeami changed ancient Chinese three-part <johakyu> to the five-part style of <<johakyu go dan>>, incorporated it into Noh scripts with dancing, chanting, and musical accompaniment, and formulated the basic principle: “The grammar of Noh.” 2) Areas for <johakyu> exist on a Noh stage, each of which has a conventional direction method. It is designed to enhance stage effects to a great degree.
 The following findings were obtained:
 1. We tried to extract <johakyu> from data of small hand drums, shouts, and dancing. The results led us to observe the following characteristics of <johakyu>: “The part of jo is light, and the expression is slightly rough, ” “Ha delicately folds ups and down, adds a little relaxation, and keeps a moderate speed, ” and “Kyu is very fast and tense, and the tempo becomes faster.” Furthermore, in the part called “kuse” in which the most characteristic acting is performed in a Noh drama, the characteristics of <<johakyu go dan>> were noticed clearly.
 2. Results of statistical analysis revealed correlation existed between each zone and each area of <johakyu> of Noh stage and dancing and musical accompaniment (small hand drums and shouts) of <<johakyu go dan>>. Therefore, we found that <<johakyu go dan>> might be involved in change in Noh stage style.
 Noh was mainly a Shinto ritual until the Heian period (794-1185). It had been developed and initiated by shrines and temples. After the Kamakura period (1185-1333), public entertainment such as Kanjin (temple solicitation)-Noh performance rose suddenly and reached its prime during the Muromachi period (1336-1573). Coupled with that, shoguns and court nobles came to play the role of Noh supporters instead of shrines and temples. <<Johakyu go dan>> was effective to attract shoguns and nobles with performance as seen in Fushikaden written by Zeami. It is considered that the construction of stage space was necessary to practice <<johakyu go dan>> effectively.

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身体運動における体幹は,重要な役割を果たしている.例えば「投げる」,「蹴る」等の動作を行う場合,動作は体幹から順次遠位部分へと伝播される.さらには,軸の形成,回旋運動等,身体運動には欠かせないものである.左右対称に存在する身体各部位のラテラリティーについては数多くの研究がなされているが,体幹のラテラリティーについて検討した研究は数少ない.そこで,体幹回旋動作におけるラテラリティーについて基礎的な特性を明らかにするため,一般大学生222名を対象に全6項目からなる質問紙を作成し検討することにした.全ての項目において有意差(-)を行った結果,質問項目全てにおいて右側を好んで選択するということが有意に認められた.さらに,質問項目双方の関連性を導くためにクロス集計を行い,ある質問項目の動作が他の質問項目の初動動作であると考えられる場合や,動作様式が類似している項目間では高い関連性が有意に認められた.しかし,地上と水中という環境の違いなどが生じる場合には関連性が認められなかった.今後の課題として,体幹と上肢や下肢との関連性,環境の違い,さらには性別の違いなど細部にわたる検討が必要である.

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