Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical results of modified open Bankart & Bristow procedure with union of the transferred coracoid process ( union group), with nonunion ( nonunion group) and open Bankart repair (OB group) for traumatic anterior shoulder instability of collision and contact athletes.
Methods: We studied 48 shoulders in union group, 17 shoulders in nonunion group and 18 shoulders in OB group retrospectively. We evaluated the clinical outcome using recurrence rate, return to sports activities, the JSS Shoulder Instability Score (JSS-SIS) and Rowe score.
Results: As for recurrence after surgeries, no cases (0%) in union group, one case (5.%) in nonunion group and 4 cases (.2%) in OB group were experienced. Forty three cases (95.6%) in union group, 15 cases (88.2%) in nonunion group and 12 cases (66.%) in OB group completely returned to their preoperative sports activities on average at 4.5, 4. and .4 months respectively. The JSS-SIS and Rowe score were 95.4 and 96.0 points in union group, 91. and 92.3 points in nonunion group and .5 and 76. points in OB group at the time of final investigation. The nonunion group showed similar results to union group these good results were different from OB group results.
Conclusion: It is assumed that stabilizing mechanism of the shoulder for open Bankart & Bristow procedure is not only due to bone block of transferred coracoid process in front of the glenoid neck but also mainly the adhesion of transferred conjoined tendon to subscapularis muscle and the dynamic buttress effect by transferred conjoined tendon across the antero-inferior aspects of the glenohumeral joint.

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The paper examines how well standard sources of impact sounds(bang-machine, A-ball, NF-ball, new rubber ball)imitate real impact sounds(human jumping and hopping).The compared sounds were described from psychoacoustic point of view.At the same time similarities between the impact sounds were judged in the psychoacoustic experiment.Results were compared with the existing standards expressed in F- and S-maximum sound levels:L_{A max, F}, L_{A max, S} and sound exposure level L_AE.

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Chemical properties of ergosta-4, 6, 8(14), -tetraen-3-one (1) were investigated. Though 1 is rather stable to acids or bases, it reacts easily with two moleculres of oxygen on irradiation with UV light to give 6α, -epidioxy-14α-hydroperoxyergosta-4, , -trien-3-one (2), which is transformed successively to 6α, ;8α, -diepoxy-14α-hydroperoxyergosta-4, -dien-3-one (3) and 14α-hydroperoxy--hydroxyergosta-4, , -triene-3, 6-dione (4) under these reaction conditions.

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There has been strong demand for enhancement techniques of single-phase forced convection heat transfer because of its wide area of application on the one side and because of inferior heat-transfer capability, when compared with phase change heat transfer such as boiling and condensation, on the other side. The enhancement techniques are indispensable when gases are used as heat-transfer media. In this article the basic principles of enhancement of single-phase forced convection heat transfer are described in the first place. Three principal techniques currently employed, i..,(a) interrupted fins, () twisted tapes, and (c) turbulence promoters, are introduced. Mechanisms of heat-tansfer enhancement and the state-of-the art review on the R&D are presented for these techniques. In addition to these, supplementary remarks are given on techniques utilizing multiphase flow and electrostatic field.

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Fatty acids in adrenal cholesterol ester () from humans and rats were analyzed by AgN0₃-impregnated silica gel thin-layer chromatography (AgNO₃-TLC) and gas-liquid-chromatography (GLC). Methylated fatty acids were partitioned on AgNO₃-TLC according to their number of double bonds and the location of double bonds was assumed by the retention time in GLC. Some of them were identified by the method of potassium permanganate oxidation. Double bonds were oxidized to form two carboxyl groups; mono- and di-carboxylic acids were methylated and could be analyzed by GLC.
Great difference was shown between the fatty acid composition of adrenal and that of plasma lipids in human. Most of the fatty acids having more than 20 carbon atoms of chain length were supposed to be synthesized in adrenal glands. Twenty-six kinds of fatty acids were found in adrenal from two men. Percentage of 18: 1 was most high, and 20: 3ω6 and : 4ω6 were found much among polyunsaturated fatty acids. 20: 3, 20: 4 and : 4 were demonstrated to be linoleic family by the method of KMnO₄-oxidation. The results matched with past reports. Docosatrienoic acid took 1.5% and 2.8% in the two men and was demonstrated to be : 3Δ ^{10, 13, 16} by the same method. Existence of : 3ω6 suggests a new pathway of fatty acid conversion in linoleic family; 20: 3→: 3→: 4. 24: 1 took more than 1% and proved to be 24: 1Δ¹⁵ by KMnO₄-oxydation. The fatty acid conversion in monenes of oleic family in adrenal glands seemed to be as follows; 18: 1→20: 1→: 1→ 24: 1. Two kinds of 20: 2, that is ω6 and , and : were also found and took a minor percentage. Fatty acid composition in from adenoma of primary aldosteronism was studied in the similar way. It resembled in most part the fatty acid pattern in adrenal from the adjacent normal tissue, but percentages of 20: 4, : 4 and : 5 in linoleic family, especially of : 4ω6, were lower in adenoma.
In adrenal from rats fed on fat free diet for 10 weeks, 18: 2 and 20: 4 in linoleic family and 20: 5, : 5 and : 6 in linoleic family markedly decreased in comparison with rats fed on control diet, but 20: 3 and : 3 appeared and took 6.0% and 8.8%, respectively. Eicosatrienoic and docosatrienoic acids in fat deficient rats were identified to be 20: 3Δ ^{5, 8, 11}and : 3Δ

7

, 10, 13 by the method of KMnO₄-oxidation. This result agreed with pastreports in adrenal from fat deficient rats. : 3ω6 found in human adrenal did notexist in rats and its retention time in GLC was clearly different from : 3 in fat deficient rats. One of the interesting phenomena in fat deficient rats was that the percentage of: 4ω6 and : 5ω6 were maintaind to the same level as those in control rats, in spite of marked decrease of arachidonate in fat deficient rats. Difference in metabolic speed in each fatty acid should be considered but furthermore, characteristic mode of fatty acid conversion, of selective esterification or of demand of essential fatty acid in adrenal glands was necessary to be studied.

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Stereoselective and efficient syntheses of (23R,25S)- and (23S, 25R)-25-hydroxyvitamin D_3 26,23-lactone(Calcidiol Lactone)(1Aa and 1) have been achieved using optically pure (S)- or (R)-citramalic acid as a synthon to introduce the chirality at C-25,and C- steroid aldehyde(2) as the precursor of the seco-steroid skeleton. (S)- or (R)-citramalic acid was converted to the phenylsulphonyl derivative(A or ) and used for the subsequent reaction with the ahdehyde(2), so that the condensation proceeded in excellent yield and regioselective intro-duction of the (23)-double bond was made possible. Oxidation of diol (13) to the γ,δ-unsaturated-α-hydroxy carboxylic acid(15) was successful in high yield by using two steps oxidaion, modified Moffat oxidation followed by oxidation with alkaline iodide solution. Iodolactonization of the acid(15) generated the other asymmetric center at C-23 and the stereoselectivity of the reaction was found to depend on the stereochemistry at C-25 and reaction conditions. Thus, stereoselective iodolactonization to the desired direction was effected: 25S-carboxylic acid(15A) gave 23R,25S-lactone(17Aa) in 90-95% stereoselevtivity by treatment with iodine in CH_3CN, while 23S,25R-lactone(17) was afforded in 80% selectivity from 25R-carboxylic acid(15) with iodine/CH_2Cl_2 in the presence of pyridine, after reductive removal of iodine. 17Aa and 17 thus obtained were transformed into the corresponding vitamin D_3 by the usual method. Both (23R,25S)- and (23S,25R)-calcidiol lactone(1Aa and 1) synthesized, showed spectroscopic properties in good agreement with those of the natural product reported. Direct comparison(HPLC) of the synthetic and natural calcidiol lactones has been performed and the result demonstrated that the natural product has 23S,25R-configuration.

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On blood group ABO, A antigen is converted from O antigen (H-substance) with A-transferase, whereas antigen from the same substrate with -transferease. Yamamoto et al (Nature, 345: 229-233, 1990) recently elucidated cDNA sequence of ABO genes, and showed the differences among A, , and O allelic cDNAs. Therefore, the determination of ABO-genotype can be analysed by means of PCR of genomic DNAs and digestion of the PCR-products with restriction enzymes at the different points of nucleotides. We collected blood samples from a total of 52 Japanese healthy volunteers (30 female and male), which include 16 A-type, 14 -type, 10 O-type, and 12 AB-type, and defined the ABO genotype utilizing PCR and restriction enzymes. The results are followings; 3 AA (18.8%) and 13 AO (81.2%) in phenotype A, 5 (35.%) and BO (64.3%) in phenotype . No conflict results were observed in individuals with phenotypes AB and O.

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Melithasterols A-D (1-4), isolated from a gorgoinan coral Melithaea ocracea of Okinawa, were shown to be cholestane-, 24-methyl--dehydrocholestane-, -dehydrocholestane-, and 24-methylenecholestane-derivatives. respectively, having a common 3β, α -dihydroxy-5α, 6α-epoxy-Δ^8 steroid nucleus. This was confirmed by direct comparison with the authentic sample prepared by lead tetra-acetate oxydation of cholest-6-ene- 3β, 5α, 8α-triol 3-monoacetate. Twelve new polyhydroxysterols were isolated from an Alcyonium sp. (,8,), and Sclerophytum sp. (14,16,19,20,21,a,23,26,28) soft corals collected off the coasts of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Indian Ocean. All the Sclerophytum sp. soft corals contained 17a or its 25-deacetyl derivative. Compounds to were identified as 24-methylenecholest-5-ene- 3β, 16β-diol-3-0-α-L fucoside () and its β-(8) and α-hydroxy () derivatives. Compound 14 was shown to be 24S-24-methylcholest-5-ene-3β,25ξ,26-triol and was correlated to the known compound 15 by 5α, 6β-glycolation. Compound 16 was shown to be 5β, 6α-isomer of 17, correlating to 17 by PCC oxidation followed by dehydration. Compound 19 was identified with 25-deacetyl derivative of the known compound lobosterol (19a) by hydrolysis of authentic lobosterol. Compounds 20 and 21 were shown to be -dehydro-(20) and -dehydro-(21) derivative of 17a and 17, respectively, by comparisons of their spectral data with reference compounds. Compounds a and 23 were 24S-methylcholestane-3β, 5α 25-triol-6-one 25-monoacetate (a) and its 25-deacetoxyl derivative (23). Partial PCC oxidation of 17a afforded a. Compounds 26 (andamansterol) and 28 (nicobarsterol) were shown to be gorgost-5-ene-3β, α. 11α, 21-tetrol and novel secosteroid, 11,21-cyclo--homo-11-oxa-, 11-secoergostane-3β, 6α, 12ξ-triol--one, respectively, by spectral analyses (H-HCOSY, HMQC, HMBC).

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帯状疱疹に対するRo-8181の有効性, 安全性および有用性を検討するため, ヒト血清アルブミンを対照薬として, 二重盲検比較試験を行つた。皮膚症状の観察項目別の改善率では, 水疱·膿疱において投与開始後5日目でRo-8181群70%, placebo群50%で, 両群間に差(p<0.05)が認められた。皮膚症状改善度の推移を著明改善以上の症例についてみると, 投与開始後4日目の著明改善率はRo-8181群8%, placebo群0%であり, Fisherの直接計算法で両群間に差(p<0.05)が認められた。また, 投与開始後5日目の著明改善率はRo-8181群15%, placebo群3%であり, κ² 検定で両群間に差(p<0.05)が認められた。主治医による有効性の判定ではU検定でRo-8181群が優れている傾向が認められた。主治医による安全性の判定では副作用発現率がRo-8181群83%, placebo群14%であり, U検定で両群間に差(p<0.001)が認められた。主治医による有用性の判定ではU検定で両群間に差は認められなかつた。以上の結果より, 帯状疱疹に対し, Ro-8181は皮疹のうち水疱·膿疱に対して有効であり, 主治医判定でも有効性が認められたが, 安全性については本薬剤の耐薬性が示されたものの副作用の発現率が高かつたため, 有用性は高くないと考えられた。

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The gamma-ray spectrum and the conversion-electron spectrum are measured in the decay of the Tb¹⁵² activity. The L-subshell electron lines of the 586. keV +→2₁⁺ transition are separated by the ion-free beta-ray spectrometer. The M1-2 mixing ratio, δ², and the dimensionless ratio X of 0-2 mixing of the 586. keV transition are obtained to be δ²≤0.16 and 0.034≤X≤0.038, respectively. The 2 branching ratio (2; +→0_g⁺): (2; +→2₁⁺): (2; +→0₁⁺) is determined to be 0.023 : 1.0 : 5.6.

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CTAの行政上の取り扱い、歴史、投資戦略等をまず簡単に説明する。CTAとは金融先物、オプション、スワップを対象とした取り引きに関する投資のアドバイスやサービスを個人、ファンドに提供する個人、または組織に対する金融行政上の用語で、正式名はCommodity trading advisorである。CTAという用語は投資信託、ETFを含むヘッジファンド、プライベートファンドへの投資アドバイスにも適応される。CTAs は米国連邦政府による規制対象であり Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) への登録と National Futures Association (NFA) のメンバーになることが義務付けられている。また、CTAはヘッジファンドの投資スタイルのひとつ (Global Macro) でもある。

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The gamma-ray spectrum and the conversion-electron spectrum are measured in the decay of the ^116mIn activity. Directional correlations are also measured for 818–1293 and 1097–1293 keV cascades. The M1-2 mixing ratio δ, and the 0-2 mixing ratio μ_k are obtained for 818. keV +→2₁⁺ transition to be δ=1.52−

0.22

+0.26, and μ_k≤6.1×10⁻⁴ respectively. The

E

2 branching ratio

B

(

E

2;

2₂

+→0_g⁺):

B

(

E

2;

2₂

+→2₁⁺):

B

(

E

2;

2₂

+→0₁⁺) is determined to be 0.0158:1.0:5.86.

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Brassinolide analogues, (R, 23R, 24R)-2α, 3α, , 23-tetrahydroxy--homo--oxa-5α-ergostan-6-one (24-epibrassinolide) (10) and (S, 23S, 24R)-2α, 3α, , 23-tetrahydroxy--homo--oxa-5α-ergostan-6-one (), were synthesized from brassicasterol (3a) in five steps and with ca. 20% overall yield. The key steps are the direct formation of (, 24R)-3α, 5-cyclo-5α-ergost--en-6-one (4) from brassicasterol mesylate (3), the acid-catalyzed rearrangement of 4 to (, 24R)-5α-ergosta-2, -dien-6-one (6), and the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of the tetrahydroxy 5α-ergostan-6-ones and 8.

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Hingganite, hellandite and wodginite occur in druse type pegmatite in quarries at Tahara, Hirukawa-mura, Ena-gun, Gifu prefecture, Japan. Two kinds of hingganite, (…)_Σ1.91Fe²⁺_0.09Be_2.08Si_2.08O_8.09(OH)_1.91 and (…)_Σ2.08Fe²⁺_0.41Be_1.96Si_1.96O_8.87(OH)_1.13, were found as colorless (hingganite-(Y)) to light brown (hingganite-()) euhedral crystals associated with quartz, feldspar, mica, cassiterite, stokesite, flourite, chlorite, sphene, and an unknown mineral chemically related to hingganite. Hellandite, (Ca_5.75Y_3.70Nd_0.24Dy_0.21…)_Σ10.65 (AI_1.45Mn_0.25Ti_0.21Fe_0.11) (OH)₄[(OH)_3.78] occurs as an aggregate of colorless transparent crystals covering surface of hingganite. The associated minerals of hellandite are quartz, flourite, chlorite and zeolite group minerals. Wodginite, Mn_3.84 (Sn_1.53 Ti_1.11Fe³⁺_0.60W_0.31Ta_0.27Zr_0.18) ()O₃₂ occurs as a black prismatic crystal on feldsper, associated with quartz, mica, topaz, beryl, flourite. The chemical compositions and X-ray crystallographic data of these minerals are given and are compared and discussed with data previously reported. Lattice parameters: Hingganite-(), monoclinic, a=.996(10), =.705 (), c=4.792(4) Å, β=90.06(4)°; Hellandite, monoclinic, a=18.91(2), =4.684(6), c=10.30(6) Å, β=111.(1)°; Wodginite, monoclinic, a=.513(), =11.456(12), c=5.108(4) Å, β=91.09()°.

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The Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) recommends the Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) as reference values for preventing adverse health effects on workers caused by occupational exposure to chemical substances, continuous or intermittent noise, impulsive or impact noise, heat stress, cold stress, whole-body vibration, hand-arm vibration and time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields and ultraviolet and ionizing radiation.

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