Static characteristics of two different structured InAlGaAs/InAlAs superlattice avalanche photodiodes (SLAPDs) cooled by liquid nitrogen were evaluated at a wavelength of 1. μm. The dark current of the SLAPD having a thick superlattice layer of 0.504 μm was ×10^-13 A. This was successively reduced by four orders of magnitude compared to that of the thin layer SLAPD of 0.231 μm at a breakdown voltage of around 20 V. The thickened layer was effective in suppressing tunneling dark current. An output current of 1.7×10^-12 A at a bias voltage of 15 V was measured for an optical input with a wavelength of 1. μm and a signal power of 1×10^-12 W. This showed a sharp distinction from the dark current.

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Nアルキル,4:,10-ペリレンテトラカルボン酸モノアンヒドリド=モノイミド[4a～]と芳香族アミン(アニリン,p-トルイジン,p-アニシジン,,-キシリジン,4-アミノナゾベンゼン,およびo-フェニレンジアミン)を縮合して非対称型,4:,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)誘導体-N-アルキル-N'-アリール-,4:,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)(〔a～〕,〔6a～〕,〔7a～〕,〔a～〕,〔a～〕,および〔10a～〕)を合成した. これらの各誘導体はすべて赤色系の色相を示し, 顔料試験の結果N-ブチル-N'-アリール-,4:,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)(たとえば〔〕や〔6〕)がとくにすぐれた耐光性を示した.

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In this paper, bus signal priority (BSP) with different near side bus stop position in reference to the average queue during red time of the selected intersection and bus detection after bus departure from stop was modeled. Three alternative positions such as bus stop within normal queue, at the end of normal queue and beyond the distance of normal queue were evaluated for traffic flow ratios of 0.7, 0. and 1.1 by simulation method. Two objective functions i.. decrease in delay for priority movement and increase in delay for non-priority movements were considered. Since there are two objective functions, Pareto-optimal situation arises. The optimal case was selected based on the shortest normalized distance to Pareto optimal sets. Bus stop at the end of normal queue outperforms reducing total person delay in priority direction with least increase in total person delay on non-priority direction.

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We compared three groups of pregnant women: placebo with normotensive women, group A which included preeclamptics, and group which comprised preeclamptics who were supplemented their diets with vitamins C and . MDA increased from 6. ± 2. (placebo) to .48 ± 1.2 (A) and .02 ± 1. nmol/gHb (). NO concentrations were enhanced from 19. ± 4.2 (P) to 23. ± 6.4 (A) and 24.1 ± .4 μmol/L (). GSH contents were decreased from 10.42 ± 2. (P) to .02 ± 2.92 (A) and .39 ± 1.02 μmol/g Hb (), whereas GSSG concentrations increased from 0.98 ± 0.28 (P) to 1.24 ± 0.29 (A) and 1.08 ± 0.12 μmol/g Hb (). SOD activity decreased 23% in A and 14% in ; GRx decreased 27% in A and .% in ; GPx decreased 12% in A and .6% in . Catalase activity, however, increased 27% in A and 29% in as compared to control. Thus, we conclude that the use of vitamins C and should be considered for the control of certain important biochemical indices during the development of preeclampsia; however, further studies are needed to develop methods for the prevention of preeclampsia in women at high risk.

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Ni-base amorphous alloys with the homogeneous dispersion of nanoscale fcc-Ni particles have been produced in the composition range of to 14 at%Si and 7 to 15%. The particle size and interparticle spacing are 10 and 20 nm, respectively. The alloys exhibit tensile fracture strength (σ_f), Young’s modulus () and hardness (H_v) which are higher than those of the corresponding amorphous single phase alloys, accompanying an increase in fracture elongation (ε_f). The highest values of σ_f, , H_v and ε_f in the mixed phase state of Ni–Si– alloys, i.., 3400 MPa, 130 GPa, 960 and 2.7%, respectively, are found for . Addition of Cr increased σ_f and ε_f, their highest values being 3900 MPa and .%, respectively for ()

97Cr₃

. The increase in σ_f by the dispersion of the fcc-Ni particles is presumably because the fcc-Ni particles are higher in mechanical strength than the amorphous phase because of the absence of internal defects and can act as a barrier to suppress the shear deformation of the amorphous matrix. The increase in ε_f is due to the suppression of the inhomogeneous shear deformation. The effectiveness of Cr for the increase in σ_f and ε_f is presumably attributed to a further refinement of the fcc-Ni particle size due to the increase in glass-forming ability.

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Background : Usefulness of endoscopic microwave coagulation therapy (-MCT) was examined in 27 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Material and Methods : HCC was found in patients with type liver cirrhosis (LC), 16 patients with type C LC, and patients with non non C LC. Median tumor size was 23 mm (solitary lesion , multiple ). Laparoscopic MCT was performed for S_2-6 lesion and thoracoscopic MCT for lesion under general anesthesia. Linear type ultrasonography was used in every case for monitoring lesion ant therapeutic effect.
Results : Complete tumor necrosis was obtained in 24 cases (%) and local recurrence was found in cases after the observation period of maximum 34 months. Pleural abscess, hemorrhage and hepatic infarction were found in cases without serious outcome.
Conclusions : We conclude that -MCT is quite promising therapy for surface type HCC in term of minimally invasive and curative procedure a time. It is important that sufficient marginal coagulation should be obtained.

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Thirty-six patients (19 males, 17 females: atypical schizophrenia; , typical schizophrenia; , depression; 11, neurosis and other psychiatric disorders; ) were operated on according to orbitoventromedial undercutting by Hirose. In all cases, the Rorschach test was carried out and daily behaviors were studied. Thirty-one scales of the test were subjected to multivariate analysis whereas the behaviors were evaluated according to the following criteria, i.., A: recovered or symptom free, : markedly improved, C: moderately improved, D: slightly improved and : not improved. The following results were obtained.
1) The evaluation of behaviors is as follows. A: 12 cases, : , C: , D: 6, : none.
2) It was found that scores of +106% and R+106% scales were significantly higher after the operation than before; that correlation coefficients between the scores before and after the operation were considerably high.
) Factor analysis followed by varimax rotation was carried out. Six factors were extracted, i.., (1) sensitivity to emotional stimuli, (2) ego-strength, () obsessional rigidity, (4) reaction time, () anxiety and tension and (6) empathy. It was revealed that 2 was high in atypical schizophrenia, depression and neurosis, and that 2 and 6 were significantly different in terms of the factor scores among the four groups A, , C and D; 2 was highest in A, and lowest in D regardless of whether it was before or after the operation. 6 showed high scores in both A and C, and low in D.
4) Multiple discriminant analysis was applied to the data of the Rorschach test before the operation, by classifying 36 subjects into the four groups A, , C and D. As a result, high rates of correct diagnosis were obtained, i.., 100% for A, 78% for , 56% for C and 100% for D. When the groups C and D were combined into one group (C+D) the highest percentage (100%) was seen in A, followed by (89%) and C+D group (87%). When the groups A and were combined into one group (A+), the percentages of correct diagnosis were % for A+, and 93% for C+D.
In conclusion, it can be said that scales of the Rorschach test have been proved to be valid for predicting mental and physical states after the orbito-ventromedial undercutting.

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A rapid flat gel isoelectric focusing method has been developed for the determination of VLDL apolipoprotein (apo) isoform patterns. Isoelectric focusing in % polyacrylamide flat gel with M urea and 2.% pharmalyte (PH 4-6.)(Pharmacia) was carried out at 3000 V and 4° for 1 hr under a constant power of 30 W, using a flat bed apparatus FBE 3000 (Pharmacia) and an electrophoresis constant power supply ECPS 3000/150 (Pharmacia).The separation of apo isoform bands was good, and isoelectric points were determined . for apo 4, . for apo and .68 for apo 2 in our focusing system. We analyzed apo isoform patterns in our population (n=123) using this focusing method.
The results obtained were as follows;
1) The apo phenotype frequencies were 0.0% for 2/2, 6.% for /2, 71.6% for /, 0.% for 4/2, 19.% for 4/ and 1.6% for 4/4, indicating that Japanese have a higher frequency of allele and a lower frequency of ε2 allele than either German or Americans.
2) Two phenotypes, apo / and /2 were differentiated on the basis of the apo 2/ ratios. The ratio was 0.38±0.02 for group / and 1.12±0.04 for group /2. No overlap was observed between the two groups. The cut-off point between the two groups was assumed to be approximately 0. in our focusing system.
This method is useful for the analysis of apo isoform patterns.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if the optical properties of zirconia and glass–ceramic (

.max) were affected by low-temperature degradation (aging).

Methods: Experiment samples were fabricated with seven zirconia brands (n=10): Zenostar, Zirlux, Katana, Bruxzir, DD-BioZX², DD-cubeX², NexxZr; and

.max were used as a control. This resulted in a total of 80 samples in the experiment. The L*, a* and * were measured for each sample, and then the optical properties including translucency parameter (TP), contrast ratio (CR), and opalescence parameter (OP) were calculated. The samples were aged (20, 40, 60, 80, 100h), and the optical properties were calculated after each interval.

Results: Most zirconia brands had lower L*, higher a*, higher

* with increased aging, which visually corresponds to darker, redder, and more yellow. Aging also increased CR, lowered TP, and lowered OP. .max was also affected by aging but still had the highest TP (23.±2.), L* (.7±.4), and lowest CR (0.41±0.05) compared to any zirconia. The Zenostar had the closest TP (24.1±0.4), and L* (90.2±0.) values to .max before aging. However, after 100h of aging, the DD-cubeX² was least effected and had the highest TP (.2±0.6) and lowest CR (0.43±0.01) compared with other zirconia samples and highest OP (11.±0.2) of all ceramic samples.

Conclusions: The optical properties of zirconia and

.max materials were affected by aging with the effects increasing with time. The magnitude of change was affected by seven brands of dental zirconia.

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A biosynthetic pathway for (

)-methyl cinnamate formation was evaluated in Tricholoma matsutake by tracer experiments using ¹³C- and ²H-labeled precursors. One hundred percent selective ¹³C incorporation was observed when L-[1,2,,4,,6,7,,-

13C₉

, ^15/N]phenylalanine was converted to (

E

)-[1,2,

3

,4,

5

,6,7,

8

,

9

-

13C₉

]cinnamate and (

E

)-[1,2,

3

,4,

5

,6,7,

8

,

9

-

13C₉

]methyl cinnamate. Similarly, 100% selective ¹³C incorporation was observed when (

E

)-[1,2,

3

,4,

5

,6,7,

8

,

9

-

13C₉

]cinnamate was converted to (

E

)-[1,2,

3

,4,

5

,6,7,

8

,

9

-

13C₉

]methyl cinnamate. In contrast, the ²H incorporation selectivities were 82.1% and

81

.4% when L-[2,

3

,4,

5

,6,7,7,

8

-

2H₈

]phenylalanine was converted to (

E

)-[2,

3

,4,

5

,6,7,

8

-²H₇]cinnamate and (

E

)-[2,

3

,4,

5

,6,7,

8

-²H₇]methyl cinnamate, respectively. Thus, T. matsutake synthesizes (

E

)-methyl cinnamate from L-phenylalanine via (

E

)-cinnamate. (

E

)-cinnamate was likely formed through two pathways: one was major and the other was a minor.

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The viscosity of liquid Fe--Si alloys has been measured by an oscillating crucible method in the temperature range from melting temperature (T_m) to about 1600 K. The viscosity of these alloys depends strongly on the composition. When the composition is located near a eutectic depression, the viscosity and the activation energies for viscous flow are drastically decreased, . g., the activation energies obtained are 18., 32.2 and 50. kJ/mol for (near eutectic region), (hypoeutectic region) and (hypereutectic region), respectively. This may be due to the existence of some short range orders in the liquid, i. ., when the composition departs from the eutectic, Fe-rich order in the hypoeutectic region and type order in the hypereutectic region are developed. These orders are suspended in the liquid and increase the viscosity and the activation energies. The viscosity below T_m is estimated from the Fulcher relation, i. ., ln η=−.6582+734.1/(T−674) for and ln η=−4.1928+1934.1/(T−706) for where η: poise and T : K.

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Six full-length cDNAs encoding pig cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, CYP1A1, CYP2A19, CYP2, CYP2C33v4, CYP2C49, and CYP21, were isolated and sequenced. The cDNA sequences of pig CYP1A1, CYP2A19, CYP2, CYP2C49, and CYP21 showed high similarity to human CYP1A1 (85.4%), CYP2A13 (.6%), (.1%), CYP2C18 (85.%), and (82.%), respectively, and pig CYP2C33v4 cDNA showed high similarity to rat CYP2C23 (79.2%). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays revealed hepatic gene expression of all these pig CYP enzymes: the order of expression was CYP2C33v4 and > CYP2C49 > CYP1A1 and CYP2A19 > . In the kidney, the CYP2C33v4 gene was expressed at the same level as in the liver, but the CYP1A1, CYP2A19, and genes were expressed at lower levels than in the liver. Little renal gene expression of CYP2C49 and CYP21 was observed. We revealed for the first time the full-length cDNA sequences encoding pig CYP1A1 and five CYP enzymes belonging to the CYP2 gene family, thus making it possible to examine the gene expression levels of these CYP enzymes in pig tissues by RT-PCR.

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The travel behavior is a result of complex decision making process affected by individual's socioeconomic, mode and trip characteristic as well as unobserved variables. The focus of this research was to identify the unobserved factors influencing travel behavior. Six latent variables named as travel factors were identified through factor analysis. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to identify casual relationship between observed variables and travel factors. It was noted that SEM cannot predict the travel demand but it has ability to express relationships between unobserved and observed variables. Then, travel factors were employed in discrete choice model to consider individual preferences on unobserved variables. It was found that the model with travel factors perform superior than model without travel factors. Conclusively, the further application of these factors in its different forms can effectively measure their effect in the travel demand model.

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Using the Theil population-weighted method for per capita GDP and the variance in a shift-share analysis on labor productivity, we conduct a comprehensive interregional income inequality decomposition analysis on Indonesia before and after the 1998 economic crisis.
Interregional income inequality is largely determined by the interregional inequality in the productivity differential component due to the region's specific sector-by-sector productivity differentials—the result of investments accumulated in technology, public infrastructure and human capital. Although the interregional inequality in the productivity differentials show a declining trend throughout the period under observation, they should have decreased further, considering the active implementation of policies aimed at balanced regional development. However, the results are still far below the target levels because of the effects of economic agglomeration. An examination of non-productivity factors shows that the interregional inequality in the employment rate has become the dominant factor after the crisis, whereas the active population rate was dominant before. The widening of the interregional employment gap is a new concern for Indonesia. The relative decrease in urban employment rates in 2003-2006 and the predominance of inequality in higher educational attainments within the urban sector reported by Akita and Miyata[]suggest a growing deterioration in the labor market efficiency in urban regions.

JEL Classification: D63, O40, R11, R58

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Escherichia coli (

. coli) is a zoonotic pathogen that often causes diarrhea, respiratory diseases or septicemia in animals. Fluoroquinolones are antimicrobial agents used to treat pathogenic

E

. coli infections. In this study, 1,221

E

. coli strains were isolated between March, 2011 and February, 2014. The results of the antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed a high prevalence of quinolone resistance. The antimicrobial resistance rates of these

E

. coli isolates to nalidixic acid (NAL) were 72.0% in swine, .% in chickens, .0% in turkeys, 64.0% in ducks and 73.2% in geese. Among these isolates, the positive rate for the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinant was 14.% (181/1,221); the detection rate for qnrS1 was the highest (10.2%), followed by aac(6’)-Ib-cr (4.%) and qnrB2 (0.%). The quinolone-resistance determining regions (QRDRs) analysis for the PMQR-positive isolates showed that the strains with mutations at codon 83 or 87 in GyrA were resistant to NAL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of occurrence of qnrB2, qnrS1 and aac(6’)-Ib-cr genes and high frequency (56.4%; 102/181) of mutation in gyrA or parC among PMQR-positive

E

. coli strains derived from diseased animals in Taiwan.

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The fauna and distributions of blackflies in Ibaraki Prefecture were investigated by collecting larvae, pupae and adults at 74 sites in spring of 1985. A total of 4,214 larvae (.0%), 594 pupae (12.1%) and 91 adults (1.%) belonging to two genera and eighteen species was collected at fifty-eight sites, of which Prosimulium (Prosimulium) yezoense, Simulium (Gomphostilbia) ogatai and S. (Boophthora) yonagoense were newly recorded from the Ibaraki Prefecture. Predominant species was S. (Eusimulium) uchidai (37.%), followed by S. (Odagmia) bidentatum (15.4%), S. (Simulium) arakawae (13.0%), S. (O.) aokii (12.%) and S. (.) konoi (.7%). The most widely distributed species was S. (.) uchidai (.0%), followed by S. (O.) aokii, S. (.) subcostatum, S. (S.) arakawae, S. (O.) bidentatum and S. (S.) japonicum.

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