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  • Yasunori SAITO, Tomoyuki MARUYAMA, Hideaki YAMAKI, Fumitoshi KOBAYASHI, Takuya D. KAWAHARA, Akio NOMURA, Mitsuyoshi TANAKA
    Optical Review
    1999年 6 巻 5 号 459-463
    発行日: 1999/10/01
    公開日: 2000/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Static characteristics of two different structured InAlGaAs/InAlAs superlattice avalanche photodiodes (SLAPDs) cooled by liquid nitrogen were evaluated at a wavelength of 1.
    5
    μm. The dark current of the SLAPD having a thick superlattice layer of 0.504 μm was
    5
    ×10-13 A. This was successively reduced by four orders of magnitude compared to that of the thin layer SLAPD of 0.231 μm at a breakdown voltage of around 20 V. The thickened layer was effective in suppressing tunneling dark current. An output current of 1.
    7
    ×10-12 A at a bias voltage of 15 V was measured for an optical input with a wavelength of 1.
    5
    μm and a signal power of 1×10-12 W. This showed a sharp distinction from the dark current.
  • Daria Kurguzova, Svetlana Serebrova, Alexey Prokofiev, Ludmila Krasnykh, Galina Vasilenko, Marina Zhuravleva, Elena Smolyarchuk, Anton Barkov
    日本薬理学会年会要旨集
    2018年 WCP2018 巻 WCP2018_PO3-5-27
    発行日: 2018年
    公開日: 2020/09/10
    会議録・要旨集 オープンアクセス

    Background

    The differences in conditions of enteric-coated acid-labile drug release and absorption between healthy subjects in bioequivalence studies and gastrointestinal patients in clinical practice can lead to significant differences in gastric stability of original PPIs and generics. Thus, pathologic duodenogastric reflux (PDGR) and the pH increasing within PPIs administration still remain unaccounted for.

    Methods

    Two-stage modified comparative dissolution testing of original omeprazole (OO) and four generics (G1;2;

    3
    ;4) was performed. At first, we moved drugs from solution with pH 1.2 (1.2±0.05) to pH
    7
    .0 (
    7
    .0±0.05) and measure concentration of omeprazole in solution by high-performance liquid chromatography. According to our self-developed formula, pH
    7
    exposure time of resistance to PDGR for omeprazole is 4 minutes, i.
    e
    . the active substance should not be released within 4 minutes at pH
    7
    . The exposure at the second stage was conducted with pH 4 (4.0±0.05), that imitated gastric pH after PPI administration. And then we also moved drugs to pH
    7
    with the subsequent measurement of omeprazole concentration.

    Results

    Omeprazole concentrations after 4, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 minutes in pH

    7
    solution at the first stage were different for OO and generics. For OO, these values were 4,
    7
    ±0,
    7
    %; 41,4±
    3
    ,0%; 62,
    8
    ±4,0%; 79,
    5
    ±2,
    9
    %; 83,
    5
    ±2,
    9
    %;
    81
    ,6±2,
    9
    %;
    80
    ,6±4,4%; for Generic1 - 0; 49,
    3
    ±
    9
    ,
    9
    %; 88,
    8
    ±2,
    8
    %; 90,4±
    3
    ,
    7
    %; 88, 2±2,2%; 87,
    3
    ±2,0%; 85,
    9
    ±1,1%; for Generic2 - 0; 30,6±6,
    3
    %; 66,
    7
    ±
    8
    ,2%; 76,4±
    7
    ,4%; 82,
    8
    ±
    5
    ,
    3
    %; 86,0±
    3
    ,
    7
    %;
    84
    ,6±
    3
    ,
    3
    %: for Generic
    3
    -
    80
    ,
    8
    ±
    3
    ,6%; 83,
    5
    ±1,
    9
    %; 83,
    8
    ±
    3
    ,2%; 83,
    3
    ±2,
    7
    %;
    81
    ,
    9
    ±2,1%; 82,1±2,0%; 82,0±2,4%; for Generic4 - 82,
    5
    ±1,
    7
    %;
    84
    ,4±0,
    8
    %;
    84
    ,2±1,2%; 82,
    9
    ±0,
    9
    %; 82,
    9
    ±0,
    9
    %; 82,
    9
    ±0,
    9
    %; 82,
    8
    ±1,1%, respectively.

    An analysis of the omeprazole concentration in pH

    7
    solution at the second stage revealed the following parameters after the same time: for OO - 4,4±0,6%; 40,
    5
    ±
    3
    ,0%; 62,
    8
    ±2,0%;
    80
    ,0±
    3
    ,1%; 85,4±2,
    9
    %; 82,
    8
    ±
    3
    ,4%;
    80
    ,
    9
    ±
    3
    ,
    5
    %; for Generic1 - 0; 67,0±
    7
    ,
    8
    %; 89,
    7
    ±2,
    3
    %; 91,
    9
    ±4,
    3
    %; 89,1±1,6%; 88,
    3
    ±1,4%; 87,
    8
    ±1,2%; for Generic2 - 0; 42,2±
    5
    ,6%; 75,1±
    7
    ,
    3
    %;
    81
    ,0±6,0%; 88,4±
    3
    ,2%; 88, 6±1,
    3
    %; 87,
    9
    ±1,0%; for Generic4 - 85,
    5
    ±0,
    5
    %; 85,6±0,
    5
    %;
    84
    ,
    7
    ±0,
    9
    %; 82,
    7
    ±
    3
    ,0%;
    84
    ,4±0,
    3
    %;
    84
    ,4±0,
    3
    %;
    84
    ,
    3
    ±0,4%, respectively. Generic
    3
    release and degradation were completely realized at pH 4.

    Conclusion

    Decreased gastric stability of Generic

    3
    and Generic4 makes PDGR and inhibited gastric acid secretion due to PPIs administration the potential causes of decreased enteric-coated acid-labile drugs stability.

  • *Pradeep Kumar SHRESTHA, Fumihiko NAKAMURA, Toshiyuki OKAMURA
    Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies
    2009年 2009 巻
    発行日: 2009年
    公開日: 2010/08/25
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    In this paper, bus signal priority (BSP) with different near side bus stop position in reference to the average queue during red time of the selected intersection and bus detection after bus departure from stop was modeled. Three alternative positions such as bus stop within normal queue, at the end of normal queue and beyond the distance of normal queue were evaluated for traffic flow ratios of 0.
    7
    , 0.
    9
    and 1.1 by simulation method. Two objective functions i.
    e
    . decrease in delay for priority movement and increase in delay for non-priority movements were considered. Since there are two objective functions, Pareto-optimal situation arises. The optimal case was selected based on the shortest normalized distance to Pareto optimal sets. Bus stop at the end of normal queue outperforms reducing total person delay in priority direction with least increase in total person delay on non-priority direction.
  • Go KITAHARA, Shunichi KAMIMURA, Katsumi HAMANA
    Journal of Reproduction and Development
    2011年 57 巻 1 号 159-162
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2011/03/16
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2010/10/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    The relationship between the peripheral concentrations of estradiol-17β (
    E2
    ) and the preovulatory characteristics of cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) during superovulation treatment was investigated in Japanese Black cows. A superovulation regimen with FSH treatment in a descending manner was commenced on day
    7
    (n=
    3
    ) or day 10 (n=2) of the estrous cycle (day 0=estrus). Peripheral blood was collected to measure
    E2
    concentrations twice a day throughout the treatment. Ovariectomies were performed at 100 h after the initial FSH treatment in five cows. Every follicle more than
    8
    mm in diameter was isolated from the ovaries, and cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were gently aspirated. The COCs were then separated into three groups based on the characteristics of the cumulus (compact, expanded and denuded) and subgrouped based on the stage of the nucleus in the oocytes (GV, GVBD). Plasma
    E2
    concentrations tended to increase gradually and reached the peak level at around
    84
    h (
    E2
    -
    84
    : n=
    3
    ) or 96 h (
    E2
    -96: n=2) after the initial FSH treatment. The ratio of COCs with expanded cumulus was significantly higher in
    E2
    -
    84
    than in
    E2
    -96 (P<0.01). However, there was no difference in the ratio of oocytes showing GVBD between
    E2
    -
    84
    and
    E2
    -96 (P=0.73), and the characteristics of the cumulus did not affect the stage of the nucleus in the oocytes in either groups (compact, expanded and nude; P=0.61, 0.
    81
    and 1.00). It was possible that the time until the peak plasma
    E2
    concentrations after the FSH treatment could become an indicator for the maturation of follicles and oocytes in preovulatory follicles during superovulation treatment in Japanese Black cows.
  • Takefumi Hattori, Hiromitsu Tsuzuki, Hiroe Amou, Kumio Yokoigawa, Masanori Abe, Akira Ohta
    Mycoscience
    2016年 57 巻 3 号 181-186
    発行日: 2016年
    公開日: 2023/03/07
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    A biosynthetic pathway for (

    E
    )-methyl cinnamate formation was evaluated in Tricholoma matsutake by tracer experiments using 13C- and 2H-labeled precursors. One hundred percent selective 13C incorporation was observed when L-[1,2,
    3
    ,4,
    5
    ,6,
    7
    ,
    8
    ,
    9
    -
    13C9
    , 15/N]phenylalanine was converted to (
    E
    )-[1,2,
    3
    ,4,
    5
    ,6,
    7
    ,
    8
    ,
    9
    -
    13C9
    ]cinnamate and (
    E
    )-[1,2,
    3
    ,4,
    5
    ,6,
    7
    ,
    8
    ,
    9
    -
    13C9
    ]methyl cinnamate. Similarly, 100% selective 13C incorporation was observed when (
    E
    )-[1,2,
    3
    ,4,
    5
    ,6,
    7
    ,
    8
    ,
    9
    -
    13C9
    ]cinnamate was converted to (
    E
    )-[1,2,
    3
    ,4,
    5
    ,6,
    7
    ,
    8
    ,
    9
    -
    13C9
    ]methyl cinnamate. In contrast, the 2H incorporation selectivities were 82.1% and
    81
    .4% when L-[2,
    3
    ,4,
    5
    ,6,
    7
    ,
    7
    ,
    8
    -
    2H8
    ]phenylalanine was converted to (
    E
    )-[2,
    3
    ,4,
    5
    ,6,
    7
    ,
    8
    -
    2H7
    ]cinnamate and (
    E
    )-[2,
    3
    ,4,
    5
    ,6,
    7
    ,
    8
    -
    2H7
    ]methyl cinnamate, respectively. Thus, T. matsutake synthesizes (
    E
    )-methyl cinnamate from L-phenylalanine via (
    E
    )-cinnamate. (
    E
    )-cinnamate was likely formed through two pathways: one was major and the other was a minor.

  • 土岐 實光
    日本機械学会誌
    1949年 52 巻 371 号 422-423
    発行日: 1949/11/25
    公開日: 2017/06/21
    解説誌・一般情報誌 フリー
  • Tariq F. Alghazzawi
    Journal of Prosthodontic Research
    2017年 61 巻 3 号 305-314
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/12
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if the optical properties of zirconia and glass–ceramic (

    e
    .max) were affected by low-temperature degradation (aging).

    Methods: Experiment samples were fabricated with seven zirconia brands (n=10): Zenostar, Zirlux, Katana, Bruxzir, DD-BioZX2, DD-cubeX2, NexxZr; and

    e
    .max were used as a control. This resulted in a total of
    80
    samples in the experiment. The L*, a* and b* were measured for each sample, and then the optical properties including translucency parameter (TP), contrast ratio (CR), and opalescence parameter (OP) were calculated. The samples were aged (20, 40, 60,
    80
    , 100h), and the optical properties were calculated after each interval.

    Results: Most zirconia brands had lower L*, higher a*, higher b* with increased aging, which visually corresponds to darker, redder, and more yellow. Aging also increased CR, lowered TP, and lowered OP.

    e
    .max was also affected by aging but still had the highest TP (23.
    9
    ±2.
    8
    ), L* (
    81
    .
    7
    ±
    3
    .4), and lowest CR (0.41±0.05) compared to any zirconia. The Zenostar had the closest TP (24.1±0.4), and L* (90.2±0.
    5
    ) values to
    e
    .max before aging. However, after 100h of aging, the DD-cubeX2 was least effected and had the highest TP (
    22
    .2±0.6) and lowest CR (0.43±0.01) compared with other zirconia samples and highest OP (11.
    3
    ±0.2) of all ceramic samples.

    Conclusions: The optical properties of zirconia and

    e
    .max materials were affected by aging with the effects increasing with time. The magnitude of change was affected by seven brands of dental zirconia.

  • A. Inoue, T. Shibata, T. Masumoto
    Materials Transactions, JIM
    1992年 33 巻 5 号 491-496
    発行日: 1992年
    公開日: 2007/06/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    Ni-base amorphous alloys with the homogeneous dispersion of nanoscale fcc-Ni particles have been produced in the composition range of
    5
    to 14 at%Si and
    7
    to 15%B. The particle size and interparticle spacing are 10 and 20 nm, respectively. The alloys exhibit tensile fracture strength (σf), Young’s modulus (
    E
    ) and hardness (Hv) which are higher than those of the corresponding amorphous single phase alloys, accompanying an increase in fracture elongation (εf). The highest values of σf,
    E
    , Hv and εf in the mixed phase state of Ni–Si–B alloys, i.
    e
    ., 3400 MPa, 130 GPa, 960 and 2.
    7
    %, respectively, are found for
    Ni81Si10B9
    . Addition of Cr increased σf and εf, their highest values being 3900 MPa and
    3
    .
    8
    %, respectively for (
    Ni0.81Si0.1B0.09
    )
    97Cr3
    . The increase in σf by the dispersion of the fcc-Ni particles is presumably because the fcc-Ni particles are higher in mechanical strength than the amorphous phase because of the absence of internal defects and can act as a barrier to suppress the shear deformation of the amorphous matrix. The increase in εf is due to the suppression of the inhomogeneous shear deformation. The effectiveness of Cr for the increase in σf and εf is presumably attributed to a further refinement of the fcc-Ni particle size due to the increase in glass-forming ability.
  • Keishi Hata, Fuyuki Sugawara, Naganori Ohisa, Saori Takahashi, Kazuyuki Hori
    Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    2002年 25 巻 8 号 1040-1044
    発行日: 2002年
    公開日: 2002/08/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS),
    8
    boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1 cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (
    22E
    ,24R)-ergosta-
    7
    ,
    22
    -diene-
    ,
    ,6β-triol (1). 1 induced ALP activities of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1 cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1 cells by 1, ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (
    3
    ), cholesta-
    ,
    ,6β-triol (4),
    7
    -dehydrocholesterol (
    5
    ) and cholecalciferol (6) were tested. The enzyme activities of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1 cells were increased
    3
    .0-fold by 10 μM 1 and 2.4-fold by 10 μM 4. However, 2,
    3
    ,
    5
    and 6 did not induce MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1 cell ALP activity at 0.1—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C-
    5
    and/or C-6 of 1 and 4 played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1 cells. Furthermore, 1 suppressed induction of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1 cell apoptosis by serum starvation.
  • 大島 真澄, 林部 昭吾, 山家 優, 片倉 純一, 石松 敏之
    秋の分科会予稿集
    1973年 1973.1 巻
    発行日: 1973/10/11
    公開日: 2018/03/22
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
  • 石井 亜矢乃
    岡山医学会雑誌
    2001年 113 巻 1 号 17-25
    発行日: 2001/04/28
    公開日: 2009/03/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Enterococcus faecalis is a frequent cause of hospital-acquired infection. Two hundred fifty one
    E
    . faecalis
    isolates from patients with urinary tract infection at Okayama University Hospital over an
    8
    -year period from 1991 through 1998 were collected. The presence of the asaI, cylA, aac (6')-aph (2''), and aph (
    3
    ')-III
    genes was analyzed by PCR methods. Of the 251 isolates, 205 (
    81
    .
    7
    %) were positive for asaI. The
    81
    .
    5
    % (167/205) of asaI-positive isolates also possessed either cylA or aminoglycoside resistance genes, compared to only 15.2% of (
    7
    /46) asaI-negative isolates (p<0.0001). The incidence of asaI gradually increased from 69.2% in 1991 to 90.
    7
    % in 1998. The number of isolates that contain asaI, cylA and aminoglycoside resistance gene (s) also increased. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analyses of 28 asaI-positive and hemolysin-producing isolates revealed
    22
    different banding patterns, including 6 pairs with similar patterns. The plasmid analyses of these isolates showed different patterns except for 1 pair with similar PFGE pattern. These results suggest that
    E
    . faecalis
    possessing the asaI gene may play an important role in the exchange of genetic information among enterococci in the urinary tract.
  • KUNIAKI MATSUI, TOKIHISA KIMURA
    The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine
    1978年 125 巻 2 号 103-113
    発行日: 1978年
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to clarify the physiological role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in regulating the renal water handling, a bioassay for ADH in urine was devised, and urinary excretion of ADH was determined in 21 normal subjects, 14 patients with central diabetes insipidus, and
    8
    patients with inappropriate secretion of ADH (SIADH). Under normally hydrated states, 12 normal subjects and
    7
    patients with central diabetes insipidus excreted
    22
    .
    9
    ±
    3
    .2mU of ADH/day (12.
    9
    ±2.0μU/ml) (mean±s.
    E
    .), and less than
    8
    .2mU/day (2.0μU/ml), respectively.
    8
    patients with SIADH excreted ADH ranging from 15.6 to 808.2mU/day. Under dehydrated states, ADH excretion increased to
    3
    .0±0.
    5
    mU/hr (137.
    9
    ±33.4μU/ml) (mean±S.
    E
    .) in
    9
    normal subjects. At that time, plasma and urine osmolality increased to 282.
    5
    ±1.1 and 1004±43mOsm/kg (mean±S.
    E
    .), respectively. In all of
    7
    patients with central diabetes insipidus, urinary ADH could be detected when plasma osmolality increased to 298.4±1.
    7
    mOsm/kg (mean±S.
    E
    .) after water deprivation. In
    9
    normal subjects, urinary ADH excretion decreased after water loading from
    3
    .0±0.
    5
    mU/hr to below 0.6mU/ hr (0.6μU/ml) with a concurrent reduction of plasma and urine osmolality to 274.
    8
    ±1.4 and
    81
    ±
    7
    mOsm/kg (mean±S.
    E
    .), respectively. Two types of daily urinary excretion patterns of ADH were found in patients with SIADH. One of them had ectopic ADH producing tumor and excreted a relatively large amount of ADH, and the other was a non-tumor case which excreted a normal amount of ADH. However, either case showed no suppressibility of ADH in the face of an expansion of body fluid with hypo-osmolality of the plasma.
  • Cbesseredes HORTS
    Journal of Human Ergology
    1982年 11 巻 Supplement 号 429-440
    発行日: 1982/12/15
    公開日: 2011/02/23
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 膵臓
    2007年 22 巻 1 号 e399-e401
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2007/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
  • *PRADEEP KUMAR SHRESTHA, YORDPHOL TANABORIBOON, SHINYA HANAOKA
    Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies
    2007年 2007 巻
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    The travel behavior is a result of complex decision making process affected by individual's socioeconomic, mode and trip characteristic as well as unobserved variables. The focus of this research was to identify the unobserved factors influencing travel behavior. Six latent variables named as travel factors were identified through factor analysis. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to identify casual relationship between observed variables and travel factors. It was noted that SEM cannot predict the travel demand but it has ability to express relationships between unobserved and observed variables. Then, travel factors were employed in discrete choice model to consider individual preferences on unobserved variables. It was found that the model with travel factors perform superior than model without travel factors. Conclusively, the further application of these factors in its different forms can effectively measure their effect in the travel demand model.
  • Suguru TAKATSUTO, Kiyomi KOBAYASHI, Tsuyoshi WATANABE, Hiroki KURIYAMA, Tokuo FURUSE
    Agricultural and Biological Chemistry
    1988年 52 巻 12 号 3217-3218
    発行日: 1988年
    公開日: 2006/04/05
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Hiroshi Shimokata, Yoshiji Yamada, Masanori Nakagawa, Ryu-ichi Okubo, Takaomi Saido, Akihiro Funakoshi, Kyoko Miyasaka, Shigeo Ohta, Gozoh Tsujimoto, Masashi Tanaka, Fujiko Ando, Naoakira Niino
    Journal of Epidemiology
    2000年 10 巻 1sup 号 46-55
    発行日: 2000年
    公開日: 2007/11/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Phenotypes of various genes related to geriatric diseases and the aging process were assessed in the National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Longitudinal Study of Aging (NILSLSA). The subjects were 1, 297 participants in the NILS-LSA. They were community-living males and females aged 40 to 79 years who were randomly selected from the area of the NILS. Genotypic and allelic frequencies of genes in the subjects were analyzed. Age and gender differences in the distribution of genotypes were also tested. The genotypic frequencies were as follows: (1) Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) genotype was I/I 46.2%, l/D 38.
    3
    % and DID 15.
    5
    %. (2) a 1-adrenoreceptor genotype was C/C
    84
    .4%, C/T 12.
    7
    %, and T/T
    3
    .0%. (
    3
    ) Apolipoprotein
    E
    genotype was ε/ ε 0%, ε/
    ε3
    7
    .
    9
    %,
    ε3
    /
    ε3
    70.0%,
    ε3
    / ε4 20.
    8
    %, ε/ ε4 0%, and ε 4/ ε 4 1.4%. (4) Cholecystokinin type-A receptor (CCKAR) nucleotide -
    81
    (nt-
    81
    ) genotype was A/A 59.1 %, A/G 35.1 %, and GIG
    5
    .
    9
    %. The CCKAR nucleotide -128 genotype (nt128) was G/G 74.
    3
    %, G/T 23.6%, and T/T 2.2%. The combination of nucleotide (nt-
    81
    , nt-128) was (A/A, G/G) 59.1 %, (A/G, G/G) 14.1 %, (G/G, G/G) 1.1 %, (A/G, G/T) 21.0%, (G/G, G/T) 2.6%, and (G/G, T/T) 2.1 %. There were no subjects with (A/A, G/T), (A/A, T/T) or (A/G, T/T) genotypic combinations. (
    5
    ) β
    3
    -adrenoreceptor genotype was T/T 66.
    8
    %, T/A 28.
    5
    %, and A/A 4.
    7
    %. (6) Dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (DLST) nucleotide 19117 genotype was A/A 25.1 %, A/G 49.
    7
    %, and G/G 25.1 %. The DLST nucleotide 19183 genotype was C/C 55.
    8
    %, C/T 38.2%, and T/T
    5
    .
    9
    %. The combination of nucleotide (nt19117, nt19183) was (A/A, C/C) 6.
    7
    %, (A/G, C/C) 24.1 %, (G/G, C/C) 25.1 %, (A/G, C/T) 25.6%, (A/A, T/T)
    5
    .
    9
    %, and (A/A, C/T) 12.6%. There were no subjects with (A/G, T/T), (G/G, T/T) or (G/G, T/C) genotypic combinations. (
    7
    ) Transforming growth factor-β 1 genotype T/T 35.2%, T/C 44.6%, and C/C 20.2%. (
    8
    ) The platelet-activating factor acethylhydrase genotype was MIM 71.
    7
    %, M/m 27.2%, and m/m 1.2%. The mitochondria DNA 5178 genotype A was 42.1 % and C was 57.
    9
    %. There were no significant gender or age differences in tested genotypic and allelic distribution except for the DLST and apolipoprotein
    E
    . Differences in the genotypic frequencies of distribution using the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were significant in the ACE and α 1 -adrenoreceptor genotypes. J Epiderniol, 2000 ; 10 : S46-S55.
  • 浅岡 顕, 小高 猛司
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1992年 32 巻 3 号 117-129
    発行日: 1992/09/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Failure problems of saturated soils are classified in the present study into the following four types : Type I : The failure of loose and/or normally consolidated soils under fully drained loading conditions. Type II : The same soils but under perfectly undrained conditions. Type III : The failure of dense and/or overconsolidated soils under fully drained conditions. Type IV : The same soils but under perfectly undrained conditions. The soil-water coupling limiting equilibrium analysis on the basis of the critical state concept is shown possible to draw a distinction between type I, II and IV problems, and the limitations of the analysis procedure happen in solving the type problem in the above. This is demonstrated experimentally, in which seepage failure experiments in laboratory with the use of a saturated silty sand are employed to make distinctions clearly between the four types of failure problems. The definite distinctions both in failure load and failure mode appeared in the four types of experiments are summarized as follows : (1) the smallest failure load in loose sand in the undrained condition, (2) the largest failure load with the largest failure region in dense sand under undrained loading, (
    3
    ) the observation of no global deformation before failure within the soil under the fully drained condition that suggests the development of very localized shear deformation in the sand. Three out of four experiments are described well by the limit analysis computation mentioned above as far as the failure load and the shape and the size of the failure region after boiling failure are concerned, and thus the type III problem is identified to be the problem that should be solved by any other means in near future.
  • 山口 昭彦
    日本中東学会年報
    1994年 9 巻 37-65
    発行日: 1994/03/31
    公開日: 2018/03/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    L'entree en Iran des armees britannique et sovietique s'est produite en aout 1941. Elle ebranla du coup le regime de la dynastie pahlavi qui etait au pouvoir depuis 16 ans, et mena le pays vers l'instabilite politique et le chaos social. La defaite de l'arme gouvernementale, qui etait le pivot du regime de Reza Shah, reduisit considerablement le controle du gouvernement central dans le pays. Cette situation politico-sociale confuse permit le developpement de differents mouvements politiques en Iran. C'est ainsi que le 16 aout 1942 le parti clandestin Komeley Jiyanewey Kurdistan (J-K) est ne a Mehabad, une ville au nord-ouest de l' Iran. Des sa formation, ce parti a su etendre sa sphere d'activite et, en une courte periode de temps, a fini par mettre sous son influence la ville et ses alentours. A la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, en ete 1945, le J-K etait devenu une organisation representant le mouvement nationaliste kurde en Iran. C'est a ce moment-la qu'un autre parti politique, le Hizbi Dimokratiki Kurdistan (HDK), fonde par Qazi Mihemed a Mehabad aussi, devait remplacer le J-K. Des le
    22
    janvier 1946, le HDK proclama l'instauration de la≪Republique de Kurdistan≫. Cependant, les troupes sovietiques qui avaient pris sous leur protection la Republique evacuerent les terres iraniennes, en mai 1946. Six mois plus tard, sous la pression militaire du gouvernement central iranien, la republique s'ecroula. Deux theories tentent d'expliquer le passage du J-K au HDK. William Eagleton Jr., par exemple, affirme dans The Kurdish Republic of 1946 que le HDK a ete cree sur le conseil des autorites sovietiques. L'ex-secretaire general du Parti Democratique du Kurdistan d'Iran, 'Ebd el-Rehman Qasimlu maintient par contre que Qazi Mihemed a etabli le nouveau parti de sa propre initiative, eu regard a la situation politique de cette epoque-la. Il considere que la passage du J-K au HDK comme etant l'evolution d'un parti nationaliste clandestin en un parti democratique. En analysant ces deux theories et en se basant sur les autobiographies des personages qui se sont engages dans cet evenement, cette etude tentera d'examiner le principe directeur et les activites du J-K et de mieux comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles le J-K devait etre remplace par le HDK. La conclusion generale portera sur les differents objectifs politiques du J-K et du HDK. Le J-K visait l'elevation du niveau culturel du peuple tout en luttant contre le tribalisme, qui etait, selon lui, le probleme majeur de≪la nation kurde≫, et cela en ecartant toute idee de revolte militaire. Le J-K a aussi exclu de son cadre les elites sociales telles que les leaders des tribus et dirigeants religieux de peur qu'ils n'excercent une influence sur les membres du parti. L'automne de 1944 fut le debut d'une nouvelle ere pour le mouvement kurde. Alors que l'espoir de l'autodetermination augmentait parmi le peuple a mesure que s'approchait la fin de la guerre, la necessite de la force militaire a commence a se faire sentir dans le J-K. C'est pour cela que s'est produite au sein du parti une tendance a compter sur l'aide militaire des sovietiques et a recourir au leadership de Qazi Mihemed, qui avait une certaine influence meme sur les leaders tribaux. Mais cette tendance etait essentiellement incompatible avec la ligne fondamentale du J-K et, graduellement, a prive ce parti de sa raison d'etre. Ainsi, le HDK se substitua au J-K en tant que≪parti democratique≫visant a rallier d'abord les elites sociales sous sa banniere, en s'appuyant sur l'autorite personnelle de Qazi Mihemed.
  • 馬場 輝郎
    照明学会雑誌
    1968年 52 巻 3 号 107-111
    発行日: 1968/03/25
    公開日: 2011/07/19
    ジャーナル フリー
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