We compared three groups of pregnant women: placebo with normotensive women, group A which included preeclamptics, and group which comprised preeclamptics who were supplemented their diets with vitamins C and . MDA increased from 6. ± 2. (placebo) to .48 ± 1.2 (A) and .02 ± 1. nmol/gHb (). NO concentrations were enhanced from 19. ± 4.2 (P) to 23. ± 6.4 (A) and 24.1 ± 5.4 μmol/L (). GSH contents were decreased from 10.42 ± 2. (P) to .02 ± 2.92 (A) and .39 ± 1.02 μmol/g Hb (), whereas GSSG concentrations increased from .98 ± .28 (P) to 1.24 ± .29 (A) and 1.08 ± .12 μmol/g Hb (). SOD activity decreased 23% in A and 14% in ; GRx decreased 27% in A and 5.5% in ; GPx decreased 12% in A and .6% in . Catalase activity, however, increased 27% in A and 29% in as compared to control. Thus, we conclude that the use of vitamins C and should be considered for the control of certain important biochemical indices during the development of preeclampsia; however, further studies are needed to develop methods for the prevention of preeclampsia in women at high risk.

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Ni-base amorphous alloys with the homogeneous dispersion of nanoscale fcc-Ni particles have been produced in the composition range of 5 to 14 at%Si and 7 to 15%. The particle size and interparticle spacing are 10 and 20 nm, respectively. The alloys exhibit tensile fracture strength (σ_f), Young’s modulus () and hardness (H_v) which are higher than those of the corresponding amorphous single phase alloys, accompanying an increase in fracture elongation (ε_f). The highest values of σ_f, , H_v and ε_f in the mixed phase state of Ni–Si– alloys, i.., 3400 MPa, 130 GPa, 960 and 2.7%, respectively, are found for . Addition of Cr increased σ_f and ε_f, their highest values being 3900 MPa and .%, respectively for ()

97Cr₃

. The increase in σ_f by the dispersion of the fcc-Ni particles is presumably because the fcc-Ni particles are higher in mechanical strength than the amorphous phase because of the absence of internal defects and can act as a barrier to suppress the shear deformation of the amorphous matrix. The increase in ε_f is due to the suppression of the inhomogeneous shear deformation. The effectiveness of Cr for the increase in σ_f and ε_f is presumably attributed to a further refinement of the fcc-Ni particle size due to the increase in glass-forming ability.

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Static characteristics of two different structured InAlGaAs/InAlAs superlattice avalanche photodiodes (SLAPDs) cooled by liquid nitrogen were evaluated at a wavelength of 1.5 μm. The dark current of the SLAPD having a thick superlattice layer of .504 μm was 5×10^-13 A. This was successively reduced by four orders of magnitude compared to that of the thin layer SLAPD of .231 μm at a breakdown voltage of around 20 V. The thickened layer was effective in suppressing tunneling dark current. An output current of 1.7×10^-12 A at a bias voltage of 15 V was measured for an optical input with a wavelength of 1.5 μm and a signal power of 1×10^-12 W. This showed a sharp distinction from the dark current.

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In order to clarify the physiological role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in regulating the renal water handling, a bioassay for ADH in urine was devised, and urinary excretion of ADH was determined in 21 normal subjects, 14 patients with central diabetes insipidus, and patients with inappropriate secretion of ADH (SIADH). Under normally hydrated states, 12 normal subjects and 7 patients with central diabetes insipidus excreted .±.2mU of ADH/day (12.±/ml) (mean±s. .), and less than .2mU/day (/ml), respectively. patients with SIADH excreted ADH ranging from 15.6 to 808.2mU/day. Under dehydrated states, ADH excretion increased to .±.5mU/hr (137.±33.4μU/ml) (mean±S. .) in normal subjects. At that time, plasma and urine osmolality increased to 282.5±1.1 and 1004±43mOsm/kg (mean±S. .), respectively. In all of 7 patients with central diabetes insipidus, urinary ADH could be detected when plasma osmolality increased to 298.4±1.7 mOsm/kg (mean±S. .) after water deprivation. In normal subjects, urinary ADH excretion decreased after water loading from .±.5 mU/hr to below .6mU/ hr (/ml) with a concurrent reduction of plasma and urine osmolality to 274.±1.4 and ±7mOsm/kg (mean±S. .), respectively. Two types of daily urinary excretion patterns of ADH were found in patients with SIADH. One of them had ectopic ADH producing tumor and excreted a relatively large amount of ADH, and the other was a non-tumor case which excreted a normal amount of ADH. However, either case showed no suppressibility of ADH in the face of an expansion of body fluid with hypo-osmolality of the plasma.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if the optical properties of zirconia and glass–ceramic (

.max) were affected by low-temperature degradation (aging).

Methods: Experiment samples were fabricated with seven zirconia brands (n=10): Zenostar, Zirlux, Katana, Bruxzir, DD-BioZX², DD-cubeX², NexxZr; and

.max were used as a control. This resulted in a total of 80 samples in the experiment. The L*, a* and * were measured for each sample, and then the optical properties including translucency parameter (TP), contrast ratio (CR), and opalescence parameter (OP) were calculated. The samples were aged (20, 40, 60, 80, 100h), and the optical properties were calculated after each interval.

Results: Most zirconia brands had lower L*, higher a*, higher

* with increased aging, which visually corresponds to darker, redder, and more yellow. Aging also increased CR, lowered TP, and lowered OP. .max was also affected by aging but still had the highest TP (23.±2.), L* (.7±.4), and lowest CR (.41±.05) compared to any zirconia. The Zenostar had the closest TP (24.1±.4), and L* (90.2±.5) values to .max before aging. However, after 100h of aging, the DD-cubeX² was least effected and had the highest TP (.2±.6) and lowest CR (.43±.01) compared with other zirconia samples and highest OP (11.±.2) of all ceramic samples.

Conclusions: The optical properties of zirconia and

.max materials were affected by aging with the effects increasing with time. The magnitude of change was affected by seven brands of dental zirconia.

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The effects of dimensions and supporting conditions on the compressive strength and deformation of polyvinylchloride pipes under external pressure were discussed. The following four kinds of pipe supporting conditions were used; (A) compression between two steel plates, () compression between a steel plate and a concave wooden block, (C) compression between two concave wooden blocks, and () compression between two concave hard rubber supporters. The main results obtained are as follows.
(1) The relation between the compressive strength P and the dimensions of PVC pipe is given by the following formula, similar to the mid load bending for a both end fixed straight beam with a rectangular section;
P=4σ_b·l·t²/·D_m·c₁ (a)
where, l, t and D_m are the length, thickness and diameter of pipe, respectively, c₁ the correction coefficient according to pipe supporting conditions, and σ_b the bending stress in kg/mm². The value of correction coefficient c₁ was .∼1.35 for A-method, 1.35 for -method, . for C-method and 2. for -method, respectively.
(2) The deflection δ under elastic deformation is given by the following formula;
δ=/ ()
where, is Young's modulus in kg/mm² of pipe material, and c₂ the correction coefficient similar to c₁. The value of c₂ was 2. for A-method.
() It seems reasonable, therefore, that the theory of straight beam may be applied to the compressive strength and deflection of plastics-pipe under external pressure by using the correction coefficient c₁ or c₂.

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This paper outlines a mathematical description of the stress dilatancy behaviour of granular materials which accounts for stress level and void ratio dependencies. The consideration of these aspects has important implications in the modelling of granular material behaviour. In fact, granular material mechanical response is largely dominated by the evolution of dilatancy, fabric and void ratio histories. The starting point in this study is the well established Rowe's theory which is revisited and ultimately modified by introducing a factor linked to governing state parameters in order to describe the complete behaviour of granular materials during deformation. Numerical simulations of triaxial tests on granular materials at different void ratios and stress levels are herein presented to illustrate the model.

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The correction factor (η_ie) for the ultimate bearing capacity of a footing placed adjacent to a slope, taking into account the combined effect of horizontal and vertical seismic loads, represented by horizontal and vertical seismic coefficients, k_h and k_v, respectively, was derived using a modified Janbu's slice method. The influence of slope angles ‘α’ on the values of ‘η_ie’ are studied here. It was found that the values of η_ie can be expressed as an exponential function of ‘k_h/(1-k_v)’ and ‘α’, with a measurable interdependency between ‘α’ and ‘η_ie’. The influence of ‘α’ on the value of ‘η_ie’ increases as the input value of ‘k_h/(1-k_v)’ increases. Equations derived based on the analytical results are proposed to account for this effect. Based on the analyses of 11 near-fault seismographers obtained in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan, a ratio between the vertical and the horizontal seismic coefficients, λ, of between ±.25 is suggested for including the combined effect of vertical and horizontal seismic forces in evaluating the seismic bearing capacity of footings located in near-fault areas.

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At present, analytical or empirical formula for seismic bearing capacity of footings adjacent to slopes is not available. This study uses a pseudo-static-based approach in conjunction with rigorous Janbu's slice method to derive analytical values of seismic bearing capacity factors (N_γ) and correction factors for the effects of inertia of soil mass and load inclinations for a rigid footing adjacent to cohesionless slopes. It is shown that both the bearing capacity factors (N_γ) and the correction factors for the seismic bearing capacity of footings placed on level ground derived herein are comparable with those reported in the literature. Empirical equations regarding the effects of slope angles and load inclinations, expressed using generalized forms of those proposed in the literature, are also derived. It is also found that the empirical equations derived in the present study provide values of correction factors in good agreements with the analytical ones, indicating the validity of using these empirical equations for assessing the bearing capacity of rigid footings situated on the slope subjected to pseudo-static seismic loading.

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Background:Low flow (LF; i.

., reduced left ventricular stroke volume index <35 mL/m²) can occur with severe aortic stenosis (AS). However, few studies have investigated the effects of LF on early and late outcomes after aortic valve replacement (AVR) for severe AS.

Methods and Results:In all, 285 severe AS patients undergoing isolated AVR at Juntendo University Hospital between August 2002 and August 2015 were enrolled in the study. In this cohort, 52 patients (18%) had LF. Compared with patients with normal flow (NF) severe AS, early postoperative mortality (

.6% vs. 1.2%; P=.006), gastrointestinal complications (5.7% vs. .%; P=.04), and the duration of the intensive care unit (ICU) stay (.7 vs. 35. h; P=.02) were increased in LF patients with severe AS. LF was an independent predictor of early mortality (Model A, odds ratio [OR] 6., P=.01; Model , OR 6.69, P=.01) and composite complications (Model A, OR 2.44, P=.02). In propensity score-matched comparisons, early mortality (12.% vs. %; P=.02), composite complications (28.2% vs. 10.2%; P=.04), and duration of ICU stay (.4 vs. .1 h; P=.006) were significantly increased in LF than NF patients.

Conclusions:LF, as an important independent risk factor for postoperative mortality and morbidity, should be included in risk stratification and assessment in severe AS patients.

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A biosynthetic pathway for (

)-methyl cinnamate formation was evaluated in Tricholoma matsutake by tracer experiments using ¹³C- and ²H-labeled precursors. One hundred percent selective ¹³C incorporation was observed when L-[1,2,,4,5,6,7,,-

13C₉

, ^15/N]phenylalanine was converted to (

E

)-[1,2,

3

,4,5,6,7,

8

,

9

-

13C₉

]cinnamate and (

E

)-[1,2,

3

,4,5,6,7,

8

,

9

-

13C₉

]methyl cinnamate. Similarly, 100% selective ¹³C incorporation was observed when (

E

)-[1,2,

3

,4,5,6,7,

8

,

9

-

13C₉

]cinnamate was converted to (

E

)-[1,2,

3

,4,5,6,7,

8

,

9

-

13C₉

]methyl cinnamate. In contrast, the ²H incorporation selectivities were 82.1% and

81

.4% when L-[2,

3

,4,5,6,7,7,

8

-

2H₈

]phenylalanine was converted to (

E

)-[2,

3

,4,5,6,7,

8

-²H₇]cinnamate and (

E

)-[2,

3

,4,5,6,7,

8

-²H₇]methyl cinnamate, respectively. Thus, T. matsutake synthesizes (

E

)-methyl cinnamate from L-phenylalanine via (

E

)-cinnamate. (

E

)-cinnamate was likely formed through two pathways: one was major and the other was a minor.

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Background : Usefulness of endoscopic microwave coagulation therapy (-MCT) was examined in 27 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Material and Methods : HCC was found in patients with type liver cirrhosis (LC), 16 patients with type C LC, and patients with non non C LC. Median tumor size was 23 mm (solitary lesion , multiple 5). Laparoscopic MCT was performed for S_2-6 lesion and thoracoscopic MCT for lesion under general anesthesia. Linear type ultrasonography was used in every case for monitoring lesion ant therapeutic effect.
Results : Complete tumor necrosis was obtained in 24 cases (%) and local recurrence was found in 5 cases after the observation period of maximum 34 months. Pleural abscess, hemorrhage and hepatic infarction were found in cases without serious outcome.
Conclusions : We conclude that -MCT is quite promising therapy for surface type HCC in term of minimally invasive and curative procedure a time. It is important that sufficient marginal coagulation should be obtained.

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Escherichia coli (

. coli) is a zoonotic pathogen that often causes diarrhea, respiratory diseases or septicemia in animals. Fluoroquinolones are antimicrobial agents used to treat pathogenic

E

. coli infections. In this study, 1,221

E

. coli strains were isolated between March, 2011 and February, 2014. The results of the antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed a high prevalence of quinolone resistance. The antimicrobial resistance rates of these

E

. coli isolates to nalidixic acid (NAL) were 72.% in swine, .% in chickens, .% in turkeys, 64.% in ducks and 73.2% in geese. Among these isolates, the positive rate for the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinant was 14.% (181/1,221); the detection rate for qnrS1 was the highest (10.2%), followed by aac(6’)-Ib-cr (4.5%) and qnrB2 (.%). The quinolone-resistance determining regions (QRDRs) analysis for the PMQR-positive isolates showed that the strains with mutations at codon 83 or 87 in GyrA were resistant to NAL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of occurrence of qnrB2, qnrS1 and aac(6’)-Ib-cr genes and high frequency (56.4%; 102/181) of mutation in gyrA or parC among PMQR-positive

E

. coli strains derived from diseased animals in Taiwan.

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The new pyrano-pyrone, (+)--epi--deoxygoniopypyrone (1) and (+)--deoxygoniopypyrone (2) were isolated from a chloroform extract of Goniothalamus tamirensis leaves. Their absolute stereostructures were discussed and confirmed by using infrared (IR), Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS), one (1) and two-dimensional (2) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, Mosher's method, and comparison with the known compounds leiocapin A (), deoxygoniopypyrone A (4), and (−)--epi--deoxygoniopypyrone (5). At concentrations of 2.67 μM, compounds 1 and 2 significantly increased the growth of osteoblastic MCT-1 cells and caused a significant elevation of collagen content, alkaline phosphatase activity, and nodule mineralization in the cells (p<.05). Our data suggest that the enhancement of osteoblast function by 1 and 2 may result in the prevention of osteoporosis.

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A rapid flat gel isoelectric focusing method has been developed for the determination of VLDL apolipoprotein (apo) isoform patterns. Isoelectric focusing in 5% polyacrylamide flat gel with M urea and 2.% pharmalyte (PH 4-6.5)(Pharmacia) was carried out at 3000 V and 4° for 1 hr under a constant power of 30 W, using a flat bed apparatus FBE 3000 (Pharmacia) and an electrophoresis constant power supply ECPS 3000/150 (Pharmacia).The separation of apo isoform bands was good, and isoelectric points were determined 5.95 for apo 4, 5. for apo and 5.68 for apo 2 in our focusing system. We analyzed apo isoform patterns in our population (n=123) using this focusing method.
The results obtained were as follows;
1) The apo phenotype frequencies were .% for 2/2, 6.5% for /2, 71.6% for /, .% for 4/2, 19.5% for 4/ and 1.6% for 4/4, indicating that Japanese have a higher frequency of allele and a lower frequency of ε2 allele than either German or Americans.
2) Two phenotypes, apo / and /2 were differentiated on the basis of the apo 2/ ratios. The ratio was .38±.02 for group / and 1.12±.04 for group /2. No overlap was observed between the two groups. The cut-off point between the two groups was assumed to be approximately . in our focusing system.
This method is useful for the analysis of apo isoform patterns.

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For researching coagulation and fibrinolysis in renal diseases, blood and urinary FDP, especially their subfragment are examined. And urinary plasmin body and plasmin activity are measured in order to pursueing the origin of urinary FDP. By measurement of serum FDP, the subjects are consisted of 39 cases with nephrotic syndrme ( in acute stage, 30 in latent stage), 11 with chronic glomerulonephritis, with chronic renal failure, 30 with healthy control. The results are as follows. 1. Serum and urinary FDP are high values in patients with various primary renal diseases. The concentration of serum and urinary FDP are most high in acute stage of nephrotic syndrome and chronic renal failure. Daily urinary FDP excretion are most high in acute stage of nephrotic syndrome. 2. Serum FDP subfragment values are X+Y≅> (p<.05) in latent stage of nephrotic syndrome. Urinary FDP subfragment values are >>X+Y (p<.05) in latent stage of nephrotic syndrome. Serial measurement of urinary FDP subfragment in cases revealed is most high. . Urinary plasmin body are detected in all cases of renal diseases and correlated with urinary protein (r=.92). Plasminogen and plasmin are observed by immunoelectrophoresis useing antiplasminogen serum. 4. 28 out of 54 cases (51.%) have urinary plasmin activity and they correlated with urinary protein (r=.73), urinary plasmin body (r=.), and urinary FDP (r=.). 5. One must give attention to the participation of urinary plasmin activity in researching on origin of urinary FDP in patients with renal diseases.

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Thirty-six patients (19 males, 17 females: atypical schizophrenia; , typical schizophrenia; , depression; 11, neurosis and other psychiatric disorders; ) were operated on according to orbitoventromedial undercutting by Hirose. In all cases, the Rorschach test was carried out and daily behaviors were studied. Thirty-one scales of the test were subjected to multivariate analysis whereas the behaviors were evaluated according to the following criteria, i.., A: recovered or symptom free, : markedly improved, C: moderately improved, : slightly improved and : not improved. The following results were obtained.
1) The evaluation of behaviors is as follows. A: 12 cases, : , C: , : 6, : none.
2) It was found that scores of F+106% and R+106% scales were significantly higher after the operation than before; that correlation coefficients between the scores before and after the operation were considerably high.
) Factor analysis followed by varimax rotation was carried out. Six factors were extracted, i.., (F1) sensitivity to emotional stimuli, (F2) ego-strength, (F) obsessional rigidity, (F4) reaction time, (F5) anxiety and tension and (F6) empathy. It was revealed that F2 was high in atypical schizophrenia, depression and neurosis, and that F2 and F6 were significantly different in terms of the factor scores among the four groups A, , C and ; F2 was highest in A, and lowest in regardless of whether it was before or after the operation. F6 showed high scores in both A and C, and low in .
4) Multiple discriminant analysis was applied to the data of the Rorschach test before the operation, by classifying 36 subjects into the four groups A, , C and . As a result, high rates of correct diagnosis were obtained, i.., 100% for A, 78% for , 56% for C and 100% for . When the groups C and were combined into one group (C+) the highest percentage (100%) was seen in A, followed by (89%) and C+ group (87%). When the groups A and were combined into one group (A+), the percentages of correct diagnosis were % for A+, and 93% for C+.
In conclusion, it can be said that scales of the Rorschach test have been proved to be valid for predicting mental and physical states after the orbito-ventromedial undercutting.

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