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  • Takefumi Hattori, Hiromitsu Tsuzuki, Hiroe Amou, Kumio Yokoigawa, Masanori Abe, Akira Ohta
    Mycoscience
    2016年 57 巻 3 号 181-186
    発行日: 2016年
    公開日: 2023/03/07
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    A biosynthetic pathway for (

    E
    )-methyl cinnamate formation was evaluated in Tricholoma matsutake by tracer experiments using
    13C
    - and 2H-labeled precursors. One hundred percent selective
    13C
    incorporation was observed when L-[1,2,
    3
    ,
    4
    ,
    5
    ,6,
    7
    ,
    8
    ,
    9
    -
    13C9
    , 15/N]phenylalanine was converted to (
    E
    )-[1,2,
    3
    ,
    4
    ,
    5
    ,6,
    7
    ,
    8
    ,
    9
    -
    13C9
    ]cinnamate and (
    E
    )-[1,2,
    3
    ,
    4
    ,
    5
    ,6,
    7
    ,
    8
    ,
    9
    -
    13C9
    ]methyl cinnamate. Similarly, 100% selective
    13C
    incorporation was observed when (
    E
    )-[1,2,
    3
    ,
    4
    ,
    5
    ,6,
    7
    ,
    8
    ,
    9
    -
    13C9
    ]cinnamate was converted to (
    E
    )-[1,2,
    3
    ,
    4
    ,
    5
    ,6,
    7
    ,
    8
    ,
    9
    -
    13C9
    ]methyl cinnamate. In contrast, the 2H incorporation selectivities were
    82
    .1% and
    81
    .
    4
    % when L-[2,
    3
    ,
    4
    ,
    5
    ,6,
    7
    ,
    7
    ,
    8
    -
    2H8
    ]phenylalanine was converted to (
    E
    )-[2,
    3
    ,
    4
    ,
    5
    ,6,
    7
    ,
    8
    -
    2H7
    ]cinnamate and (
    E
    )-[2,
    3
    ,
    4
    ,
    5
    ,6,
    7
    ,
    8
    -
    2H7
    ]methyl cinnamate, respectively. Thus, T. matsutake synthesizes (
    E
    )-methyl cinnamate from L-phenylalanine via (
    E
    )-cinnamate. (
    E
    )-cinnamate was likely formed through two pathways: one was major and the other was a minor.

  • H. K. Mahanty
    CYTOLOGIA
    1970年 35 巻 1 号 13-49
    発行日: 1970/03/25
    公開日: 2009/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. The chromosome numbers of 64 species have been studied on which 56 are investigated for the first time.
    2. Morphological, anatomical and cytological findings on the Musaceae in the broad sense are considered from a phylogenetical standpoint and three distinct groups:
    a) Musa-Ensete,
    b
    ) Ravenala-Strelitzia-Phenakospermum and
    c
    ) Holiconia are recognised as suggested by some authors. For these groups sub-familial status is proposed.
    3
    . Lowiaceae have been studied for the first time cytologically and their chromosome morphology, distinct from that of any other group of Zingiberales, confirms their claim to familial status.
    4
    . Consideration of the conflicting theories proposed to account for the higher chromosome number in genera like Globba, Alpinia, and Phaemeria, etc. leads to rejection of Chakravorti's hypothesis of wholesale fragmentation of chromosomes and the acceptance of the opposed view of Raghavan and Venkatasubban and others.
    5
    . Holttum's transference of the genus Zingiber to the tribe Hedychieae has been given cytological support on the following points:
    a) the basic number in the genus Zingiber correlates with that of Kaempferia.
    b
    ) the new tribe Alpinieae (which is infact Zingibereae without Zingiber) have consistently 48 chromosomes in their somatic complements.
    6. It is suggested that the African representatives of Kaempferia should be given the status of genus; Cienkowskya on the following points:
    a) the difference in floral morphology
    b
    ) geographical separateness and
    c
    ) the difference in the number and morphology of the chromosomes. By comparing the present and past findings, various lines of evolution of the chromosome complements within each group are discussed.
    7
    . The basic number 11 is considered to be probably the original one for the Zingiberales as a whole, being present in Ravenala which is the most primitive member in the order. From this secondary basic numbers have arisen through evolution.
  • Cbesseredes HORTS
    Journal of Human Ergology
    1982年 11 巻 Supplement 号 429-440
    発行日: 1982/12/15
    公開日: 2011/02/23
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Philippe Biane
    Publications of the Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences
    1995年 31 巻 1 号 63-79
    発行日: 1995年
    公開日: 2009/04/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 山口 昭彦
    日本中東学会年報
    1994年 9 巻 37-65
    発行日: 1994/03/31
    公開日: 2018/03/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    L'entree en Iran des armees britannique et sovietique s'est produite en aout 1941. Elle ebranla du coup le regime de la dynastie pahlavi qui etait au pouvoir depuis 16 ans, et mena le pays vers l'instabilite politique et le chaos social. La defaite de l'arme gouvernementale, qui etait le pivot du regime de Reza Shah, reduisit considerablement le controle du gouvernement central dans le pays. Cette situation politico-sociale confuse permit le developpement de differents mouvements politiques en Iran.
    C'est
    ainsi que le 16 aout 1942 le parti clandestin Komeley Jiyanewey Kurdistan (J-K) est ne a Mehabad, une ville au nord-ouest de l' Iran. Des sa formation, ce parti a su etendre sa sphere d'activite et, en une courte periode de temps, a fini par mettre sous son influence la ville et ses alentours. A la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, en ete 1945, le J-K etait devenu une organisation representant le mouvement nationaliste kurde en Iran.
    C'est
    a ce moment-la qu'un autre parti politique, le Hizbi Dimokratiki Kurdistan (HDK), fonde par Qazi Mihemed a Mehabad aussi, devait remplacer le J-K. Des le
    22
    janvier 1946, le HDK proclama l'instauration de la≪Republique de Kurdistan≫. Cependant, les troupes sovietiques qui avaient pris sous leur protection la Republique evacuerent les terres iraniennes, en mai 1946. Six mois plus tard, sous la pression militaire du gouvernement central iranien, la republique s'ecroula. Deux theories tentent d'expliquer le passage du J-K au HDK. William Eagleton Jr., par exemple, affirme dans The Kurdish Republic of 1946 que le HDK a ete cree sur le conseil des autorites sovietiques. L'ex-secretaire general du Parti Democratique du Kurdistan d'Iran, 'Ebd el-Rehman Qasimlu maintient par contre que Qazi Mihemed a etabli le nouveau parti de sa propre initiative, eu regard a la situation politique de cette epoque-la. Il considere que la passage du J-K au HDK comme etant l'evolution d'un parti nationaliste clandestin en un parti democratique. En analysant ces deux theories et en se basant sur les autobiographies des personages qui se sont engages dans cet evenement, cette etude tentera d'examiner le principe directeur et les activites du J-K et de mieux comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles le J-K devait etre remplace par le HDK. La conclusion generale portera sur les differents objectifs politiques du J-K et du HDK. Le J-K visait l'elevation du niveau culturel du peuple tout en luttant contre le tribalisme, qui etait, selon lui, le probleme majeur de≪la nation kurde≫, et cela en ecartant toute idee de revolte militaire. Le J-K a aussi exclu de son cadre les elites sociales telles que les leaders des tribus et dirigeants religieux de peur qu'ils n'excercent une influence sur les membres du parti. L'automne de 1944 fut le debut d'une nouvelle ere pour le mouvement kurde. Alors que l'espoir de l'autodetermination augmentait parmi le peuple a mesure que s'approchait la fin de la guerre, la necessite de la force militaire a commence a se faire sentir dans le J-K.
    C'est
    pour cela que s'est produite au sein du parti une tendance a compter sur l'aide militaire des sovietiques et a recourir au leadership de Qazi Mihemed, qui avait une certaine influence meme sur les leaders tribaux. Mais cette tendance etait essentiellement incompatible avec la ligne fondamentale du J-K et, graduellement, a prive ce parti de sa raison d'etre. Ainsi, le HDK se substitua au J-K en tant que≪parti democratique≫visant a rallier d'abord les elites sociales sous sa banniere, en s'appuyant sur l'autorite personnelle de Qazi Mihemed.
  • 浅岡 顕, 小高 猛司
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1992年 32 巻 3 号 117-129
    発行日: 1992/09/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Failure problems of saturated soils are classified in the present study into the following four types : Type I : The failure of loose and/or normally consolidated soils under fully drained loading conditions. Type II : The same soils but under perfectly undrained conditions. Type III : The failure of dense and/or overconsolidated soils under fully drained conditions. Type IV : The same soils but under perfectly undrained conditions. The soil-water coupling limiting equilibrium analysis on the basis of the critical state concept is shown possible to draw a distinction between type I, II and IV problems, and the limitations of the analysis procedure happen in solving the type problem in the above. This is demonstrated experimentally, in which seepage failure experiments in laboratory with the use of a saturated silty sand are employed to make distinctions clearly between the four types of failure problems. The definite distinctions both in failure load and failure mode appeared in the four types of experiments are summarized as follows : (1) the smallest failure load in loose sand in the undrained condition, (2) the largest failure load with the largest failure region in dense sand under undrained loading, (
    3
    ) the observation of no global deformation before failure within the soil under the fully drained condition that suggests the development of very localized shear deformation in the sand. Three out of four experiments are described well by the limit analysis computation mentioned above as far as the failure load and the shape and the size of the failure region after boiling failure are concerned, and thus the type III problem is identified to be the problem that should be solved by any other means in near future.
  • C
    .W. SHOPPEE, R.
    E
    . Lack
    International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Products
    1964年 1964 巻 E-9-3
    発行日: 1964/04/12
    公開日: 2017/08/18
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
  • 馬場 輝郎
    照明学会雑誌
    1968年 52 巻 3 号 107-111
    発行日: 1968/03/25
    公開日: 2011/07/19
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 布施川 雄一, 多田 博己, 小熊 利明, 椎名 豊, 玉地 寛光, 半田 俊之介
    動脈硬化
    1996年 23 巻 9 号 545-551
    発行日: 1996/04/10
    公開日: 2011/09/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    The association between apolipoprotein
    E
    (Apo-
    E
    ) polymorphism and the response of plasma cholesterol to dietary therapy (cholesterol intake of less than 300mg/day) was investigated for about
    8
    weeks in 208 nonfamilial hypercholesterolemia patients (
    E
    3
    /
    3
    161,
    E
    4
    /
    3
    47). The baseline lipoprotein concentration and the intake of energy and lipids were not significantly different between subjects with
    E
    3
    /
    3
    and those with
    E
    4
    /
    3
    phenotypes. After the dietary therapy plasma total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly decreased in both phenotype groups (p<0.05). The patients with
    E
    4
    /
    3
    had significantly smaller reductions of LDL-
    C
    than the patients with
    E
    3
    /
    3
    . The changes of LDL-
    C
    showed a significant difference between the patients with
    E
    3
    /
    3
    and
    E
    4
    /
    3
    by the Kruskal Wallis test (p=0.041). The presence of
    E
    4
    /
    3
    predicted the degree of cholesterol reduction following dietary therapy.
  • Yasuhiro SUGIMOTO, Kazuma SAKATOH
    IEICE Transactions on Electronics
    2013年 E96.C 巻 6 号 867-874
    発行日: 2013/06/01
    公開日: 2013/06/01
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    Circuit techniques to enhance the linearity of input-voltage-to-current (V/I) conversion and to increase the output impedance of a current source by compensating for the low intrinsic gain of a transistor were introduced to realize a high-frequency operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) for a low supply voltage using sub-100-nm CMOS processes. Applying these techniques, a MOS
    7
    th-order Gm-
    C
    linear-phase low-pass filter (LPF) was realized using a 65nm CMOS process. A simplified biquad LPF that can serve as a component of a
    7
    th-order LPF was newly developed by replacing OTAs with resistors. As a result, the -
    3
    dB frequency bandwidth, group delay ripple,
    3
    rd-order distortion, and
    3
    rd-order input intercept point (IIP
    3
    ) were 200MHz, 2.2%, ≤ -55dB with a 100MHz input, and +10.
    3
    dBm, respectively, all with a ±0.1Vp-p input signal at each input terminal in the pseudodifferential configuration. The LPF including an output buffer dissipated 60mW in the case of a 1.2V supply. Wide spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) characteristics were confirmed up to high frequencies.
  • George W. Lee
    燃料協会誌
    1973年 52 巻 3 号 171-177
    発行日: 1973/03/20
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • ASHRAF GHALY, ADEL HANNA, MIKHAIL HANNA
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1991年 31 巻 2 号 77-92
    発行日: 1991/06/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The performance of single pitch and multi pitch screw anchors during the application of installation torque is presented. An experimental testing program was conducted using five models of screw anchors with different geometry. The effect of the shape of the screw element, sand properties, and installation depth on the required installation torque value was examined. A theoretical model was developed from which the required installation torque value can be calculated in terms of the influencing factors. The required installation torque can be determined in terms of the ultimate uplift resistance calculated from any of the available theories. Based on the actual installation torque value measured in the field, the anticipated pullout capacity can be back calculated from the present theory. A comparison between theoretical and experimental results showed good agreement. Also, good agreement was observed when the present theoretical results were compared with the available field results reported in the literature.
  • 早野 清治, 白濱 晴久
    日本化学会誌(化学と工業化学)
    1995年 1995 巻 4 号 291-294
    発行日: 1995/04/10
    公開日: 2011/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    (6
    E
    ,
    9
    E
    )-2,
    3
    -エポキシ-
    3
    ,
    7
    ,11,11-テトラメチルシクロウンデカ-6,
    9
    -ジエン(2)をフムレン1((2
    E
    ,6
    E
    ,
    9
    E
    )-
    3
    ,
    7
    ,11,11-テトラメチルシクロウンデカ-2,6,
    9
    -トリエン)より合成する既知の合成法は実際に牧率が低く合成的に問題がある.さらに,2の合成はその反応性や物性の研究のために簡単に高牧率で行われることが望まれる.今回,2の新たな合成法と簡便な精製法を見いだし,2を高牧率で1から合成することができたので報告する.1のジエポキシ化,続く再結晶により得られたジエポキシド(
    8
    )は二価のチタンにより還元されて,1(273%)と
    8
    (25%)と少量の
    3
    を含む2を主生成物(42.
    7
    %)として与えた.1と
    3
    は原料として再利用できる.2の精製は1と同様硝酸銀(
    AgNO3
    )錯体の結晶で行い,純粋な2は1から通算牧率32.0%で得られた.2の既知方法による合成は
    4
    段階の反応と数回のカラム分離及び10%
    AgNO3
    含浸シリカゲルカラム分離を必要とし牧率が極端に低い.今回,新しい2の合成法は2段階の反応で1回のカラム分離と再結晶により高い通算牧率を示す.
  • Kaiji MOTEGI, Kimiaki SHINKAI, Hajime YAMASHITA
    バイオメディカル・ファジィ・システム学会大会講演論文集
    2010年 23 巻 9P-E-3
    発行日: 2010/10/09
    公開日: 2017/10/25
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    This paper applies the fuzzy cluster analysis to six international stock markets (i.
    e
    ., France, Germany, the U.S., Canada, Japan, and China). We analyze the similarity values calculated from the monthly stock returns, using both Zadeh's and Ward's clustering methods. These two methods induce different partition trees. Both the Minkowski distance and cophenetic correlation coefficient choose Zadeh's method over Ward's method. The optimal partition tree and the associated optimal number of clusters suggest (1) the similarity of European countries, (2) the institutional regularity of the Chinese stock market, and (
    3
    ) the strong influence of the U.S. These implications are consistent with standard economic theory, and are preserved under the addition of three countries (i.
    e
    ., the U.K., Mexico, and South Korea).
  • 膵臓
    2007年 22 巻 1 号 e399-e401
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2007/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 膵臓
    2007年 22 巻 1 号 e350-e352
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2007/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
  • ―特にアポ蛋白Eの変化について―
    本間 康彦, 三神 美和, 佐藤 美智子, 石原 仁一, 吉川 広, 木下 栄治, 田川 隆介, 星合 充基, 古屋 秀夫, 井出 満, 田辺 晃久, 玉地 寛光, 兼本 成斌, 友田 春夫, 中谷 矩章, 五島 雄一郎
    動脈硬化
    1984年 12 巻 3 号 599-603
    発行日: 1984/08/01
    公開日: 2011/09/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    Seven hundred fifty mg of cholesterol were fed daily to 32 patients of the ischemic heart disease (IHD) for 2 weeks. Cholesterol amounts in VLDL, LDL, HDL, HDL2 and
    HDL3
    were estimated on the 0th,
    7
    th and 14th days of cholesterol load. Plasma apoprotein A-I, A-II,
    B
    ,
    C
    -II,
    E
    levels were also measured in 16 from 32 IHD subjects. Apoprotein levels were estimated by a method of single radial immunodiffusion (SRID). Before cholesterol administration, cholesterol amounts in VLDL, LDL, HDL, HDL2 and
    HDL3
    were 15.
    9
    ±
    7
    .
    5
    mg/dl (mean±SD), 150.
    9
    ±58.1mg/dl 43.
    8
    ±
    9
    .6mg/dl, 16.
    4
    ±
    5
    .
    8
    mg/dl and 24.
    9
    ±6.
    3
    mg/dl respectively. Plasma apoprotein A-I, A-II,
    B
    ,
    C
    -II and
    E
    levels were
    81
    .
    7
    ±
    22
    .0 mg/dl, 15.1±
    5
    .
    4
    mg/dl,
    93
    .
    7
    ±36.0mg/dl,
    3
    .83±1.00mg/dl and
    4
    .29±1.36mg/dl respectively. After 2 weeks' cholesterol feeding, all plasma lipoprotein cholesterol and apoprotein levels did not change significantly. Correlation coefficients between plasma apoprotein and lipoprotein cholesterol levels were calculated. Apoprotein A-I and A-II correlated with HDL-
    C
    (r=0.348), HDL2-
    C
    (r=0.612) and
    HDL3
    (r=0.569). Apoprotein
    B
    correlated with total cholesterol (TC) (r=0.610), VLDL-
    C
    (r=0.341), LDL-
    C
    (r=0.726), HDL-
    C
    (r=0.432) and HDL2-
    C
    (r=0.465). Apoprotein
    C
    -II correlated with TC (r=0.765), TG (r=0.679), VLDL-
    C
    (r=0.651), LDL-
    C
    (r=0.461) and HDL2-
    C
    (r=0.326). Apoprotein
    E
    correlated with TC (r=0.580), TG (r=0.575) and VLDL-
    C
    (r=0.666). Interapoprotein's correlations were also calculated. Apoprotein A-I correlated with apoprotein A-II (r=0.468). Apoprotein
    B
    correlated with apoprotein
    C
    -II (r=0.393). Apoprotein
    C
    -II correlated with apoprotein
    B
    (r=0.393) and
    E
    (r=0.549). Apoprotein
    E
    only correlated with apoprotein
    C
    -II (r=0.549).
  • CHING-CHUAN HUANG
    SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS
    2009年 49 巻 2 号 249-258
    発行日: 2009年
    公開日: 2011/01/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    The correction factor (ηie) for the ultimate bearing capacity of a footing placed adjacent to a slope, taking into account the combined effect of horizontal and vertical seismic loads, represented by horizontal and vertical seismic coefficients, kh and kv, respectively, was derived using a modified Janbu's slice method. The influence of slope angles ‘α’ on the values of ‘ηie’ are studied here. It was found that the values of ηie can be expressed as an exponential function of ‘kh/(1-kv)’ and ‘α’, with a measurable interdependency between ‘α’ and ‘ηie’. The influence of ‘α’ on the value of ‘ηie’ increases as the input value of ‘kh/(1-kv)’ increases. Equations derived based on the analytical results are proposed to account for this effect. Based on the analyses of 11 near-fault seismographers obtained in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan, a ratio between the vertical and the horizontal seismic coefficients, λ, of between ±0.25 is suggested for including the combined effect of vertical and horizontal seismic forces in evaluating the seismic bearing capacity of footings located in near-fault areas.
  • CHING-CHUAN HUANG, WEN-WEI KANG
    SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS
    2008年 48 巻 5 号 641-651
    発行日: 2008年
    公開日: 2011/01/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    At present, analytical or empirical formula for seismic bearing capacity of footings adjacent to slopes is not available. This study uses a pseudo-static-based approach in conjunction with rigorous Janbu's slice method to derive analytical values of seismic bearing capacity factors (Nγ) and correction factors for the effects of inertia of soil mass and load inclinations for a rigid footing adjacent to cohesionless slopes. It is shown that both the bearing capacity factors (Nγ) and the correction factors for the seismic bearing capacity of footings placed on level ground derived herein are comparable with those reported in the literature. Empirical equations regarding the effects of slope angles and load inclinations, expressed using generalized forms of those proposed in the literature, are also derived. It is also found that the empirical equations derived in the present study provide values of correction factors in good agreements with the analytical ones, indicating the validity of using these empirical equations for assessing the bearing capacity of rigid footings situated on the slope subjected to pseudo-static seismic loading.
  • PIETRO DE RUGGIERI, Carmelo Gandolfi, Umberto Guzzi
    International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Products
    1964年 1964 巻 E-7-3
    発行日: 1964/04/12
    公開日: 2017/08/18
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
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