Thirty-six patients (19 males, 17 females: atypical schizophrenia; , typical schizophrenia; , depression; 11, neurosis and other psychiatric disorders; ) were operated on according to orbitoventromedial undercutting by Hirose. In all cases, the Rorschach test was carried out and daily behaviors were studied. Thirty-one scales of the test were subjected to multivariate analysis whereas the behaviors were evaluated according to the following criteria, i.., A: recovered or symptom free, : markedly improved, C: moderately improved, D: slightly improved and : not improved. The following results were obtained.
1) The evaluation of behaviors is as follows. A: 12 cases, : , C: , D: 6, : none.
2) It was found that scores of +106% and R+106% scales were significantly higher after the operation than before; that correlation coefficients between the scores before and after the operation were considerably high.
) Factor analysis followed by varimax rotation was carried out. Six factors were extracted, i.., (1) sensitivity to emotional stimuli, (2) ego-strength, () obsessional rigidity, (4) reaction time, () anxiety and tension and (6) empathy. It was revealed that 2 was high in atypical schizophrenia, depression and neurosis, and that 2 and 6 were significantly different in terms of the factor scores among the four groups A, , C and D; 2 was highest in A, and lowest in D regardless of whether it was before or after the operation. 6 showed high scores in both A and C, and low in D.
4) Multiple discriminant analysis was applied to the data of the Rorschach test before the operation, by classifying 36 subjects into the four groups A, , C and D. As a result, high rates of correct diagnosis were obtained, i.., 100% for A, 78% for , 56% for C and 100% for D. When the groups C and D were combined into one group (C+D) the highest percentage (100%) was seen in A, followed by (89%) and C+D group (87%). When the groups A and were combined into one group (A+), the percentages of correct diagnosis were % for A+, and 93% for C+D.
In conclusion, it can be said that scales of the Rorschach test have been proved to be valid for predicting mental and physical states after the orbito-ventromedial undercutting.

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Nアルキル,4:,10-ペリレンテトラカルボン酸モノアンヒドリド=モノイミド[4a～]と芳香族アミン(アニリン,p-トルイジン,p-アニシジン,,-キシリジン,4-アミノナゾベンゼン,およびo-フェニレンジアミン)を縮合して非対称型,4:,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)誘導体-N-アルキル-N'-アリール-,4:,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)(〔a～〕,〔6a～〕,〔a～〕,〔a～〕,〔a～〕,および〔10a～〕)を合成した. これらの各誘導体はすべて赤色系の色相を示し, 顔料試験の結果N-ブチル-N'-アリール-,4:,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)(たとえば〔〕や〔6〕)がとくにすぐれた耐光性を示した.

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We compared three groups of pregnant women: placebo with normotensive women, group A which included preeclamptics, and group which comprised preeclamptics who were supplemented their diets with vitamins C and . MDA increased from 6. ± 2. (placebo) to .48 ± 1.2 (A) and .02 ± 1. nmol/gHb (). NO concentrations were enhanced from 19. ± 4.2 (P) to 23. ± 6.4 (A) and 24.1 ± .4 μmol/L (). GSH contents were decreased from 10.42 ± 2. (P) to .02 ± 2.92 (A) and .39 ± 1.02 μmol/g Hb (), whereas GSSG concentrations increased from 0.98 ± 0.28 (P) to 1.24 ± 0.29 (A) and 1.08 ± 0.12 μmol/g Hb (). SOD activity decreased 23% in A and 14% in ; GRx decreased 27% in A and .% in ; GPx decreased 12% in A and .6% in . Catalase activity, however, increased 27% in A and 29% in as compared to control. Thus, we conclude that the use of vitamins C and should be considered for the control of certain important biochemical indices during the development of preeclampsia; however, further studies are needed to develop methods for the prevention of preeclampsia in women at high risk.

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Static characteristics of two different structured InAlGaAs/InAlAs superlattice avalanche photodiodes (SLAPDs) cooled by liquid nitrogen were evaluated at a wavelength of 1. μm. The dark current of the SLAPD having a thick superlattice layer of 0.504 μm was ×10^-13 A. This was successively reduced by four orders of magnitude compared to that of the thin layer SLAPD of 0.231 μm at a breakdown voltage of around 20 V. The thickened layer was effective in suppressing tunneling dark current. An output current of 1.×10^-12 A at a bias voltage of 15 V was measured for an optical input with a wavelength of 1. μm and a signal power of 1×10^-12 W. This showed a sharp distinction from the dark current.

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In this study, we synthesized two series of novel -nitrofuran-2-carbohydrazides 21a–h and – in addition to a third series of thiophene-2-carbohydrazides 23a–g to develop potent antimicrobial and/or antitubercular agents. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antimicrobial and antimycobacterial activities. Most of the -nitrofuran-2-carbohydrazides 21a–h and – displayed variable activity against Aspergillus fumigates, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Bacillis subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The sulfonamide derivative exhibited superior potency and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)=0.06–0.98 µg/mL and antimycobacterial activity with MIC=. µg/mL. The -nitrofuran-2-carbohydrazides 21a, , g, h and –c exhibited significant antibacterial activity with MIC values in the range of 0.12–. µg/mL. The significances of the -nitrofuran moiety and sulfonamide function were explored via the structure–activity relationship (SAR) study. In addition, docking studies revealed that the p-amino benzoic acid (PABA) and binding pockets of the dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) were successfully occupied by compound . Furthermore, two quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models were built to explore the structural requirements which controlled the activity.

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Background : Usefulness of endoscopic microwave coagulation therapy (-MCT) was examined in 27 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Material and Methods : HCC was found in patients with type liver cirrhosis (LC), 16 patients with type C LC, and patients with non non C LC. Median tumor size was 23 mm (solitary lesion , multiple ). Laparoscopic MCT was performed for S_2-6 lesion and thoracoscopic MCT for lesion under general anesthesia. Linear type ultrasonography was used in every case for monitoring lesion ant therapeutic effect.
Results : Complete tumor necrosis was obtained in 24 cases (%) and local recurrence was found in cases after the observation period of maximum 34 months. Pleural abscess, hemorrhage and hepatic infarction were found in cases without serious outcome.
Conclusions : We conclude that -MCT is quite promising therapy for surface type HCC in term of minimally invasive and curative procedure a time. It is important that sufficient marginal coagulation should be obtained.

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Six new cembranoids sarcophytol P (), R (4), S (), K (), (11), and T (13) were isolated from the soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum. Sarcophytol P () was shown to be the 20-hydroxy derivative of the major component sarcophytol A (1), and afforded the cyclization product 6 in CHCl_ at room temperature, in a same way as in 1. Sarcophytols R (4) and S () were correlated to 1, by conversion of its R,R and S,S epoxide derivatives. Sarcophytol K() was a 13, 14-dihydroxycembranoid having a 1,Z-diene moiety. The absolute configuration of and its 1Z,- and 1Z,Z-isomers sarcophytol (2) and J (10) were determined by circular dichroism study of their bis-p-dimethylaminobenzoate derivatives. Sarcophytols (11) and T (13) were 1- and 1,Z-isomers of 1. Compound 11 showed characteristic broadening of the ^1H-NMR chemical shifts, due to the restricted conformational interconversion. Using the three cembranoids sarcophytols (11, 1,), N (15, 1Z,Z) and T (13,1,Z), spontaneous autoxidation-cyclization, in CHCl_,was examined, in order to compare the stereochemical course of the reaction with that of 1 (1Z,), which affords trans-fused bicyclo[..0]tetradecene systems. The 1,Z-isomer 13 gave the same cyclization product 18, as in the reaction of 1, even though it is isomeric at C-1,. The 1Z,Z isomer 15 gave 19, in consequence of the reversed geometry at C- of 15. The 1,-isomer (11) gave the bicyclic product , having an antipodal fusion as compared with 19. This was confirmed by PCC oxidation of 19 and , giving enantiomeric ketones 23 and 24 respectively. The 1(14)-epoxide 26 was shown to be the immediate precursor of , and acounted for the inversion of the geometry at C-1 of the cyclization product. Compound 26 is isomeric with the epoxide 17 derived from 1. The epoxide 17 is the postulated precursor in the conversion of 13 to 18. It is noteworthy that the mode of antipodal fusion of the cyclopentane rings, in 18 and , was controlled by the chirality of the epoxy rings. The C-14 hydroxyl group participates in the transannular cyclization, but was found not to be the requisite functional group for the reaction. Similar treatment of cembrene C (30), the parent hydrocarbon of 1, also reacted in CHCl_ giving the bicyclic product 32.

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カンキツ主要12種を用いて染色体のクロモマイシン (CMA) 染色を行った．染色体は CMA(+) バンドの有無および位置から 種類に区分できた．すなわち，CMA(+) を A: 両端および動原体近傍に有する，: 一方の端部と動原体近傍に有する，C: 両端に有する，D: 一方の端部に有する，: CMA(+) がない，: 動原体近傍に有する，Dst: 付随染色体を有する D 型，である．各種はこれらのうち 2～6 種類の染色体を有し，独自の CMA バンドパターンを示した．C. medica では 2 + D + ，C. limon では 1 + 1C + D + ，C. aurantifolia では 2 + D + ，C. aurantium では 1A + 1 + 1C + D + ，C. sinensis では 2+ 2C + D + ，C. maxima では A + C + 4D + ，C. paradisi では 2A + C + 6D + ，C. ichangensis では 2 + 2C + 12D + 2，C. latipes では 2A + C + D + ，C. micrantha では 1 + 11D + 4 + 2Dst，C. macroptera では 2 + 1C + 11D + + 1，C. hystrix では + 1C + D + + 2 + 1Dst であった．

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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

. coli isolates were detected in 95 (.2%) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: bla_CTX-M-15 (62), blaTEM-

1b

(42), bla_CMY-2 (

22

), blaCTX-M-

3

(16), bla_CTX-M-1 (15), bla_OXA-1 (

9

) and bla_SHV-12 (

3

) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group A₁ (35.

8

%), followed by group D₂ (

22

.1%),

B

1 (15.

8

%), D₁ (

9

.

5

%), A₀ (

7

.4%),

B2₂

(

5

.

3

%) and

B2₃

(4.2%), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, qnrS1 and qnrB10 were detected in 25.

3

, 10.

5

and 1.1% of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.0% for tobramycin to 56.

8

% for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.2%) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE,

f17a

-A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing

E

. coli clone O25

b

:ST131/

B

2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing

E

. coli isolates among dogs in Turkey.

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In this paper, bus signal priority (BSP) with different near side bus stop position in reference to the average queue during red time of the selected intersection and bus detection after bus departure from stop was modeled. Three alternative positions such as bus stop within normal queue, at the end of normal queue and beyond the distance of normal queue were evaluated for traffic flow ratios of 0., 0. and 1.1 by simulation method. Two objective functions i.. decrease in delay for priority movement and increase in delay for non-priority movements were considered. Since there are two objective functions, Pareto-optimal situation arises. The optimal case was selected based on the shortest normalized distance to Pareto optimal sets. Bus stop at the end of normal queue outperforms reducing total person delay in priority direction with least increase in total person delay on non-priority direction.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if the optical properties of zirconia and glass–ceramic (

.max) were affected by low-temperature degradation (aging).

Methods: Experiment samples were fabricated with seven zirconia brands (n=10): Zenostar, Zirlux, Katana, Bruxzir, DD-BioZX², DD-cubeX², NexxZr; and

.max were used as a control. This resulted in a total of 80 samples in the experiment. The L*, a* and * were measured for each sample, and then the optical properties including translucency parameter (TP), contrast ratio (CR), and opalescence parameter (OP) were calculated. The samples were aged (20, 40, 60, 80, 100h), and the optical properties were calculated after each interval.

Results: Most zirconia brands had lower L*, higher a*, higher

* with increased aging, which visually corresponds to darker, redder, and more yellow. Aging also increased CR, lowered TP, and lowered OP. .max was also affected by aging but still had the highest TP (23.±2.), L* (.±.4), and lowest CR (0.41±0.05) compared to any zirconia. The Zenostar had the closest TP (24.1±0.4), and L* (90.2±0.) values to .max before aging. However, after 100h of aging, the DD-cubeX² was least effected and had the highest TP (.2±0.6) and lowest CR (0.43±0.01) compared with other zirconia samples and highest OP (11.±0.2) of all ceramic samples.

Conclusions: The optical properties of zirconia and

.max materials were affected by aging with the effects increasing with time. The magnitude of change was affected by seven brands of dental zirconia.

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Reactions of nor-diterpenoid dilactones isolated from Podocarpus plants have been investigated. The : ,: 11-dienolide type [C] dilactones, the least available but biologically the most active members, are mainly derived from naturally abundant dilactone components of α-pyrone type [A] and : -epoxy-: 11-enolide type [] for total-synthetic and biological purposes. From nagilactone (), for example, a combined sequence of hydrogenolysis of : -epoxide group and dehydration gives nagilactone (), β-hydroxynagilactone () and 2: -dehydronagilactone (19), which have been found from natural sources. From nagilactone A (1), photo-hydration and concomitant double bond migration of its acetate results in a lactol (), which is reduced to 1β-hydroxynagilactone (), another natural type [C] dilactone. Derivation of the type [A] or [] from others is not successful. Some attempts for conversion of the ring A functional groups have also been studied.

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Ni-base amorphous alloys with the homogeneous dispersion of nanoscale fcc-Ni particles have been produced in the composition range of to 14 at%Si and to 15%. The particle size and interparticle spacing are 10 and 20 nm, respectively. The alloys exhibit tensile fracture strength (σ_f), Young’s modulus () and hardness (H_v) which are higher than those of the corresponding amorphous single phase alloys, accompanying an increase in fracture elongation (ε_f). The highest values of σ_f, , H_v and ε_f in the mixed phase state of Ni–Si– alloys, i.., 3400 MPa, 130 GPa, 960 and 2.%, respectively, are found for . Addition of Cr increased σ_f and ε_f, their highest values being 3900 MPa and .%, respectively for ()

97Cr₃

. The increase in σ_f by the dispersion of the fcc-Ni particles is presumably because the fcc-Ni particles are higher in mechanical strength than the amorphous phase because of the absence of internal defects and can act as a barrier to suppress the shear deformation of the amorphous matrix. The increase in ε_f is due to the suppression of the inhomogeneous shear deformation. The effectiveness of Cr for the increase in σ_f and ε_f is presumably attributed to a further refinement of the fcc-Ni particle size due to the increase in glass-forming ability.

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