The nucleus ¹²C was bombarded by .1–MeV

3He

particles to study elastic and inelastic scattering and the (

3He

, α) reaction. Angular distributions were measured for the elastic scattering, for the inelastic scattering to levels at 4.4, 7.6 and 9.6 MeV in ¹²C, and for the (

3He

, α) reaction to levels at 0.0, 2.0, 4.

3

(4.7) and 6.4 MeV in ¹¹C. The optical potential parameters were searched for to fit the

3He

elastic scattering angular distribution. The deformation parameters β₂ and

β₃

for ¹²C were determined from DWBA analysis. The angular distributions of α particles were compared with DWBA calculations and calculations including the two-step process via inelastic channel.

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Objective: This study was conducted to determine whether to perform endovascular intervention or bypass surgery as a treatment option for critical limb ischemia (CLI) with lesions in the popliteal artery or below.Subjects and Methods: A total of 150 patients (164 limbs) with CLI underwent endovascular intervention or bypass surgery for lesions in the popliteal artery or below at our department between May 1995 and June 2011. Therapeutic outcomes were examined by surgical technique. An indication for endovascular intervention was established with the combination of (1) poor general condition, and (2) a stenotic or occlusive lesion ≤5 cm.Results: The bypass group (group ) comprised 119 patients (99 males, 20 females) with 131 affected limbs at 46 to 89 years of age (mean: 70 years). The endovascular intervention group (group ) comprised 31 patients (25 males, 6 females) with 33 affected limbs at 47 to 89 years of age (mean: 72 years). There was no significant difference in patient demography between the two groups. Regarding preoperative complications, hypertension was observed in 54% and 61% of the subjects in groups and , respectively, diabetes in 36% and 55%, renal dysfunction in 29% and 58%, ischemic heart disease in 27% and 32%, and cerebrovascular disorder in 18% and 23%; renal dysfunction accounted for a significantly higher percentage in group . As for early postoperative complications, subjects in group experienced wound infections (6 patients), hemorrhage (2), thrombosis (2), pneumonia (1), and another complication (1), and those in group experienced wound infections (1) and another complication (1). The hospital mortality rate was 0.% (1 patient) for group and 0% for group . The -year cumulative primary patency rate was 72% for group and 54% for group ; the rate was significantly higher for group . The -year secondary patency rate was % for group and 60% for group . The -year limb salvage rate was % for group and % for group ; there was no significant difference between the two groups. The 5-year survival rate was 57% for group and 42% for group ; the survival rate was significantly lower for group .Conclusion: For the study population of CLI patients with lesions in the popliteal artery or below, the patency rate was higher for the bypass group than for the endovascular intervention group, whereas there was no difference in the limb salvage rate. Based on the findings in prognosis for survival, the indication for endovascular intervention at our department is believed to be appropriate. (*English translation of Jpn J Vasc Surg 2013; : 715-718)

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長期的に見ると、景気のトレンドが低下し、在庫投資や設備投資の変動が小さくなっている。その背景には、経済のサービス化、グローバル化、DX、研究開発投資の拡大などの経済構造の変化がある。こうした中で、第 16 循環の山（2018 年 10 月）付近においては、景気動向指数（一致指数）と実質GDPの動きに乖離が見られたが、その要因としては、外需の減少ペースが景気を一気に冷え込ませるような急激なものではなかったことが大きい。加えて、労働市場では、人口減少下で女性や高齢者を中心に労働市場に参入する人が増え、雇用所得環境を下支えしていた。コロナショック後は、賃上げのモメンタムが強まっている。今後、労働市場の構造変化がどのように進むのか、それが景気循環にどのような影響を与えるのか、注視していく必要がある。 こうした景気循環の特徴の変化やその背景にある経済構造の変化を踏まえると、景気循環を適切に捉えるためには、第一に、景気循環の転換点を敏感に捉える必要があることに変わりはないが、一方で、第二に、生産に過度に重点を置かず、より幅広い指標を観察すること、第三に、経済の全体的な動向を捉えるという観点から、実質GDPの動向にも留意すること、が必要となろう。

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The effects of T- (2-[2-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)ethyl]-2,-dihydro-9-methoxy-1H-pyrrolo[,4-]quinolin-1-one hemifumarate), a new quinoline derivative, on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and acetylcholine (ACh) release were compared with those of the well-known cholinesterase inhibitors tacrine and 2020. T-, tacrine and 2020 all concentration-dependently inhibited AChE in rat brain homogenate (IC_50s = 109.4, 84.2 and 11. nM, respectively). In addition, although tacrine strongly inhibited butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), T- and 2020 showed only weak activity on BuChE in human plasma. In ex vivo experiments, intraperitoneal administration of T- at a dose of 30 mg/kg inhibited AChE activity in the hippocampus, frontal cortex and parietal cortex of rats. The effect of T- on the extracellular ACh concentration in rat brain was measured using in vivo microdialysis. T- at doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p. increased the extracellular ACh concentration in the hippocampus and striatum in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that T- activates the central cholinergic system by selectively inhibiting AChE activity, while weakly affecting peripheral BuChE activity, and that T- increases the extracellular ACh concentration in the brain, which is followed by inhibited AChE activity.

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要　　旨：【目的】膝窩動脈以下の病変を有する重症虚血肢に対して血管内治療を行うかあるいはバイパスを行うかを明らかにする．【対象および方法】1995年5月から2011年6月までに当科で膝窩動脈以下の病変に対して血管内治療ないしバイパスを施行した150例164肢を対象として，術式別に治療成績を検討した．血管内治療の適応は，1．全身状態が不良，2．5 cm以下の狭窄ないし閉塞病変を対象とした．【結果】バイパス群()は119例131肢，年齢46～89歳，平均70歳，男性99例，女性20例で，血管内治療群()は31例33肢，年齢は47～89歳，平均72歳，男性25例，女性6例で両群間に有意な差はなかった．術前合併症は，群，群でそれぞれ高血圧54%，61%，糖尿病36%，55%，透析29%，58%，虚血性心疾患27%，32%，脳血管障害18%，23%で透析が占める割合が群のほうが有意に高値であった．病院死亡率は群1例(0.%)，群は0%であった．一次累積開存率は，群年72%，群年54%で，群のほうが有意に高値であった．二次開存率は，群年%，群年60%であった．救肢率は，群年%，群年%で両群間には有意の差はなかった．生存率は群5年57%，群5年42%で群のほうが有意に低値であった．【結語】膝窩動脈以下の病変を有する重症虚血肢では，開存率は血管内治療群に比べてバイパス群のほうが良好であったが，救肢率には差はなかった．治療成績や生命予後をみれば当科での血管内治療の適応は妥当と考える．

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[Purpose] This study investigated the therapeutic effects of augmented reality (AR)-based EMG-triggered functional electric stimulation (FES) on stroke patients receiving rehabilitation. [Methods] Ten subjects who were in the chronic phase following stroke were divided into two groups for: ankle dorsiflexion with AR-based EMG-triggered FES (Experimental group, n=5), and EMG-triggered FES alone (Control group, n=5). Experimental subjects received ankle dorsiflexion with AR-based EMG-triggered FES for 20 minutes per day, 5 times per week over a 4 week period. Muscle activation, ankle range of motion and muscle strength were measured to identify the effect of the AR training environment with EMG-triggered FES. [Results] The muscle activation of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius (GCM), as measured by EMG, the improvement was increased significantly after the intervention compared to before within the experimental groups of the tibialis anterior(TA), and the improvement was significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group. Muscle strength of the tibialis anterior (TA) and GCM in dorsiflexion and plantarflexion were significantly greater post-intervention in the experimental group. [Conclusion] The results of this study provide evidence in support of incorporating an AR environment into ankle dorsiflexion training with FES for the improvement of muscle activity, and strength of chronic phase stroke patients.

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The X-ray crystal structure of ()-1-(,4-methylenedioxy-6-fluorophenyl)-2-nitropropene, a potential antibacterial agent, was established. It crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with cell parameters a = 6.716(1)Å, = .323(2)Å, c = 9.453(2)Å, α = .75(2), β = .17(1), γ = 68.75(1), V = 488.4(1) and Z = 2. The crystal structure was refined to final values of R1 = 0.0439 and wR2 = 0.1340. The molecules pack to form a 2D network with head-to-tail short hydrogen bonding like contacts between the methylenedioxy and nitro groups, and between fluor and hydrogen of the aromatic rings of neighbouring molecules.

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Background

The differences in conditions of enteric-coated acid-labile drug release and absorption between healthy subjects in bioequivalence studies and gastrointestinal patients in clinical practice can lead to significant differences in gastric stability of original PPIs and generics. Thus, pathologic duodenogastric reflux (PDGR) and the pH increasing within PPIs administration still remain unaccounted for.

Methods

Two-stage modified comparative dissolution testing of original omeprazole (OO) and four generics (G1;2;

;4) was performed. At first, we moved drugs from solution with pH 1.2 (1.2±0.05) to pH 7.0 (7.0±0.05) and measure concentration of omeprazole in solution by high-performance liquid chromatography. According to our self-developed formula, pH 7 exposure time of resistance to PDGR for omeprazole is 4 minutes, i.. the active substance should not be released within 4 minutes at pH 7. The exposure at the second stage was conducted with pH 4 (4.0±0.05), that imitated gastric pH after PPI administration. And then we also moved drugs to pH 7 with the subsequent measurement of omeprazole concentration.

Results

Omeprazole concentrations after 4, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 minutes in pH 7 solution at the first stage were different for OO and generics. For OO, these values were 4,7±0,7%; 41,4±

,0%; 62,±4,0%; 79,5±2,9%; 83,5±2,9%; 81,6±2,9%; 80,6±4,4%; for Generic1 - 0; 49,±9,9%; 88, ±2,%; 90,4±,7%; 88, 2±2,2%; 87,±2,0%; 85,9±1,1%; for Generic2 - 0; 30,6±6,%; 66,7±,2%; 76,4±7,4%; ,±5,%; ,0±,7%; 84,6±,%: for Generic - 80,±,6%; 83,5±1,9%; 83, ±,2%; 83,±2,7%; 81,9±2,1%; ,1±2,0%; ,0±2,4%; for Generic4 - ,5±1,7%; 84,4±0,%; 84,2±1,2%; , 9±0,9%; ,9±0,9%; ,9±0,9%; ,±1,1%, respectively.

An analysis of the omeprazole concentration in pH 7 solution at the second stage revealed the following parameters after the same time: for OO - 4,4±0,6%; 40, 5±

,0%; 62,±2,0%; 80,0±,1%; 85,4±2,9%; ,±,4%; 80,9±,5%; for Generic1 - 0; 67,0±7,%; 89,7±2,%; 91, 9±4,%; 89,1±1,6%; 88,±1,4%; 87,±1,2%; for Generic2 - 0; 42,2±5,6%; 75,1±7,%; 81,0±6,0%; 88,4±,2%; 88, 6±1,%; 87,9±1,0%; for Generic4 - 85,5±0,5%; 85,6±0,5%; 84,7±0,9%; ,7±,0%; 84,4±0,%; 84,4±0,%; 84,±0,4%, respectively. Generic release and degradation were completely realized at pH 4.

Conclusion

Decreased gastric stability of Generic

and Generic4 makes PDGR and inhibited gastric acid secretion due to PPIs administration the potential causes of decreased enteric-coated acid-labile drugs stability.

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We previously reported human papillomavirus type 52 (HPV52) as the most prevalent high-risk genotype in non-cancer individuals in Vietnam. This study aimed to evaluate HPV genotypes and HPV16

6 and 7 (6/7) gene variations in Vietnamese patients with genital cancers. Biopsy samples were collected from 124 Vietnamese patients with genital cancers (20 with vaginal, 50 with vulvar, and 54 with penile cancer). The HPV-DNA was amplified and genotyped, and HPV16 6/7 genes were compared with those previously reported for women with normal cervical cytology (N = 23). HPV-DNA was detected in 80.6% (100/124) of the cancer patients (80.0% of vaginal, .0% of vulvar, and 79.6% of penile), with HPV16/18 in .0% (/100) and HPV52 in 7.0% (7/100) of the HPV-positive samples. The HPV-DNA prevalence and HPV genotype distribution did not significantly differ among the genital cancer patients (both P = 0.95). Significantly fewer instances of the HPV16 A4 sublineage (34.% vs. .6%, P < 0.0001) and HPV16 7 29S (36.4% vs. 87.0%, P = 0.0002) occurred in the cancer patients than in the women with normal cytology. Our results indicate that HPV16/18 accounts for more than 85% of genital cancers in Vietnam, and the HPV16 sublineage A4 containing 7 29S may be less oncogenic.

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　Aeromonas salmonicida のつの鉄調節外膜タンパク質（iromp:,および74kDa）をそれぞれの抗体を用いたサザンハイブリダイゼーションおよびそれらの遺伝子の塩基配列の一部を決定することにより, 同定した。 それらの結果およびデーターベースを利用した塩基配列のホモロジー検索の結果, つの iromps は以下のように同定された。 ； kDa iromp (FstA)＝Vibrio anguillarum FatA, kDa iromp (FepA) Escherichia coli FepA,74 kDa iromp (IrpA) ＝. coli Cir

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The author intended to investigate systematically, the vitamin _<12> absorption and its urinary excretion under endocrine disorders, using Wistar strain rats which were administered ^<60>Co-labeled vitamin _<12> intragastrically or subcutaneously. The results obtained in normal rats were as follows : When 0.05 μg of _<12>-^<60>Co was given intragastrically, the intestinal absorption amounted to 66.4±4.6% with male but to 39.±1.0% (P<0.05) with female. The urinary excretions were .32±0.49% and .±0.66%. The uptake by liver was 4.23% and 4.38%, and the renal uptake was 4.09% and 4.71% respectively. Co-administration of saline extract of gastric mucosa of Wistar strain rats as source of intrinsic factor with _<12>-^<60>Co, enhanced the intestinal absorption up to 70.7±1.5% in male rats i. . an increase being not significant. After subcutaneous administration of 0.04 μg of _<12>-^<60>Co in male rats, intestinal excretion measured by feces amounted to 16.±0.5%. The urinary excretion was .±0.55%, and the uptake by liver and kidney was 7.01 and .47% respectively.

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