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  • 大澤 康次, 幡野 恵, 西宮 一尋, 岡崎 彬, 太田 真一, 宇田 文昭, 柳田 由紀, 檜垣 洋子, 吉田 知江里
    薬物動態
    1988年 3 巻 4 号 441-446
    発行日: 1988年
    公開日: 2007/03/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    ラットに
    3H
    -CU-
    83
    (S)を25μg/kgで静脈内あるいは経口投与し,血液中濃度および尿糞中排泄を検討した.
    静脈内投与後の血液中濃度推移は投与後
    5
    分より上昇し,投与後45分に25.74ng eq./mlのCmaxを示し,それ以後t1/
    2
    3
    .05時間とt1/
    2
    33.09時間の二相で減少した.投与後72時間までのAUCは135.42ng eq.·hr/mlであった.
    経口投与では,投与後
    3
    時間でCmax 4.10ng eq./mlに達し,以後t1/
    4.46時間とt1/
    26.
    83
    時間の二相で減少した.投与後72時間までのAUCは48.62ng eq.·hr/mlであった.
    静脈内投与と経口投与のいずれの場合も,尿および糞中への放射能の排泄は,投与後48時間でほぼ終了した.静脈内投与では,投与後72時間までに投与量の30.52%が尿中に,60.42%が糞中に排泄された.経口投与では,同じく72時間までに40.34%が尿中に,69.24%が糞中に排泄された.
  • 山口 昭彦
    日本中東学会年報
    1994年 9 巻 37-65
    発行日: 1994/03/31
    公開日: 2018/03/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    L'entree en Iran des armees britannique et sovietique s'est produite en aout 1941. Elle ebranla du coup le regime de la dynastie pahlavi qui etait au pouvoir depuis 16 ans, et mena le pays vers l'instabilite politique et le chaos social. La defaite de l'arme gouvernementale, qui etait le pivot du regime de Reza Shah, reduisit considerablement le controle du gouvernement central dans le pays. Cette situation politico-sociale confuse permit le developpement de differents mouvements politiques en Iran. C'est ainsi que le 16 aout 1942 le parti clandestin Komeley Jiyanewey Kurdistan (J-K) est ne a Mehabad, une ville au nord-ouest de l' Iran. Des sa formation, ce parti a su etendre sa sphere d'activite et, en une courte periode de temps, a fini par mettre sous son influence la ville et ses alentours. A la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, en ete 1945, le J-K etait devenu une organisation representant le mouvement nationaliste kurde en Iran. C'est a ce moment-la qu'un autre parti politique, le Hizbi Dimokratiki Kurdistan (HDK), fonde par Qazi Mihemed a Mehabad aussi, devait remplacer le J-K. Des le
    22
    janvier 1946, le HDK proclama l'instauration de la≪Republique de Kurdistan≫. Cependant, les troupes sovietiques qui avaient pris sous leur protection la Republique evacuerent les terres iraniennes, en mai 1946. Six mois plus tard, sous la pression militaire du gouvernement central iranien, la republique s'ecroula. Deux theories tentent d'expliquer le passage du J-K au HDK. William Eagleton Jr., par exemple, affirme dans The Kurdish Republic of 1946 que le HDK a ete cree sur le conseil des autorites sovietiques. L'ex-secretaire general du Parti Democratique du Kurdistan d'Iran, 'Ebd el-Rehman Qasimlu maintient par contre que Qazi Mihemed a etabli le nouveau parti de sa propre initiative, eu regard a la situation politique de cette epoque-la. Il considere que la passage du J-K au HDK comme etant l'evolution d'un parti nationaliste clandestin en un parti democratique. En analysant ces deux theories et en se basant sur les autobiographies des personages qui se sont engages dans cet evenement, cette etude tentera d'examiner le principe directeur et les activites du J-K et de mieux comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles le J-K devait etre remplace par le HDK. La conclusion generale portera sur les differents objectifs politiques du J-K et du HDK. Le J-K visait l'elevation du niveau culturel du peuple tout en luttant contre le tribalisme, qui etait, selon lui, le probleme majeur de≪la nation kurde≫, et cela en ecartant toute idee de revolte militaire. Le J-K a aussi exclu de son cadre les elites sociales telles que les leaders des tribus et dirigeants religieux de peur qu'ils n'excercent une influence sur les membres du parti. L'automne de 1944 fut le debut d'une nouvelle ere pour le mouvement kurde. Alors que l'espoir de l'autodetermination augmentait parmi le peuple a mesure que s'approchait la fin de la guerre, la necessite de la force militaire a commence a se faire sentir dans le J-K. C'est pour cela que s'est produite au sein du parti une tendance a compter sur l'aide militaire des sovietiques et a recourir au leadership de Qazi Mihemed, qui avait une certaine influence meme sur les leaders tribaux. Mais cette tendance etait essentiellement incompatible avec la ligne fondamentale du J-K et, graduellement, a prive ce parti de sa raison d'etre. Ainsi, le HDK se substitua au J-K en tant que≪parti democratique≫visant a rallier d'abord les elites sociales sous sa banniere, en s'appuyant sur l'autorite personnelle de Qazi Mihemed.
  • H. K. Mahanty
    CYTOLOGIA
    1970年 35 巻 1 号 13-49
    発行日: 1970/03/25
    公開日: 2009/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. The chromosome numbers of 64 species have been studied on which 56 are investigated for the first time.
    2
    . Morphological, anatomical and cytological findings on the Musaceae in the broad sense are considered from a phylogenetical standpoint and three distinct groups:
    a) Musa-Ensete,
    b
    ) Ravenala-Strelitzia-Phenakospermum and c) Holiconia are recognised as suggested by some authors. For these groups sub-familial status is proposed.
    3
    . Lowiaceae have been studied for the first time cytologically and their chromosome morphology, distinct from that of any other group of Zingiberales, confirms their claim to familial status.
    4. Consideration of the conflicting theories proposed to account for the higher chromosome number in genera like Globba, Alpinia, and Phaemeria, etc. leads to rejection of Chakravorti's hypothesis of wholesale fragmentation of chromosomes and the acceptance of the opposed view of Raghavan and Venkatasubban and others.
    5
    . Holttum's transference of the genus Zingiber to the tribe Hedychieae has been given cytological support on the following points:
    a) the basic number in the genus Zingiber correlates with that of Kaempferia.
    b
    ) the new tribe Alpinieae (which is infact Zingibereae without Zingiber) have consistently 48 chromosomes in their somatic complements.
    6. It is suggested that the African representatives of Kaempferia should be given the status of genus; Cienkowskya on the following points:
    a) the difference in floral morphology
    b
    ) geographical separateness and
    c) the difference in the number and morphology of the chromosomes. By comparing the present and past findings, various lines of evolution of the chromosome complements within each group are discussed.
    7. The basic number 11 is considered to be probably the original one for the Zingiberales as a whole, being present in Ravenala which is the most primitive member in the order. From this secondary basic numbers have arisen through evolution.
  • Philippe Biane
    Publications of the Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences
    1995年 31 巻 1 号 63-79
    発行日: 1995年
    公開日: 2009/04/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 馬場 輝郎
    照明学会雑誌
    1968年 52 巻 3 号 107-111
    発行日: 1968/03/25
    公開日: 2011/07/19
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 布施川 雄一, 多田 博己, 小熊 利明, 椎名 豊, 玉地 寛光, 半田 俊之介
    動脈硬化
    1996年 23 巻 9 号 545-551
    発行日: 1996/04/10
    公開日: 2011/09/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    The association between apolipoprotein
    E
    (Apo-
    E
    ) polymorphism and the response of plasma cholesterol to dietary therapy (cholesterol intake of less than 300mg/day) was investigated for about 8 weeks in 208 nonfamilial hypercholesterolemia patients (
    E
    3
    /
    3
    161,
    E
    4/
    3
    47). The baseline lipoprotein concentration and the intake of energy and lipids were not significantly different between subjects with
    E
    3
    /
    3
    and those with
    E
    4/
    3
    phenotypes. After the dietary therapy plasma total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly decreased in both phenotype groups (p<0.05). The patients with
    E
    4/
    3
    had significantly smaller reductions of LDL-C than the patients with
    E
    3
    /
    3
    . The changes of LDL-C showed a significant difference between the patients with
    E
    3
    /
    3
    and
    E
    4/
    3
    by the Kruskal Wallis test (p=0.041). The presence of
    E
    4/
    3
    predicted the degree of cholesterol reduction following dietary therapy.
  • BRAJA M. DAS, SAID LARBI-CHERIF
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1983年 23 巻 1 号 1-7
    発行日: 1983/03/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Laboratory model test results for the ultimate bearing capacity of two closely-spaced strip foundations on sand have been presented. The model test results have been compared with the theoretical study given by Stuart (1962). The nature of variation of the experimental efficiency factors, αq and αr, associated with the bearing capacity factors, Nq and Nr, are similar to those predicted by the theory; however, their magnitudes are substantially lower for S/
    B
    <about
    3
    . The foundation settlement at ultimate failure load increases for S/
    B
    <4.
    5
    when compared with that of an isolated foundation.
  • 川又 紀彦, 渡部 良平
    臨床血液
    2019年 60 巻 7 号 767-772
    発行日: 2019年
    公開日: 2019/08/06
    ジャーナル 認証あり

    BCR-ABL1 International Scale(IS)測定はチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤で治療されている慢性骨髄性白血病(CML)患者の治療効果をモニターする上で重要な検査法である。稀ではあるが,BCR-ABL1 IS測定ができないCMLが存在することが知られている。本研究において,我々は,そのようなBCR-ABL1 IS測定のできないCML患者を経験し,分子生物学的な方法で,その原因を解明した。本例ではABL1遺伝子における切断点がa

    2
    エクソン内にあることが分かり,そのことがABL1のa
    2
    エクソンを欠いた
    e
    14a
    3
    b
    3
    a
    3
    )キメラ遺伝子のmRNAのみの発現を誘導していた。a
    2
    エクソンは本邦における検査部でのIS測定において重要な要素であり,これが欠損することが測定不能の原因であった。このようなIS測定ができない稀なCML症例をさらに集積して,その分子構造を解明することが待たれる。

  • E. camaldulensis, E. globulus における容積重, および材形質含量の樹幹内変異と標準値を示す位置について
    小名 俊博, 園田 哲也, 伊藤 一弥, 柴田 勝
    紙パ技協誌
    1995年 49 巻 8 号 1227-1234
    発行日: 1995/08/01
    公開日: 2009/11/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    Within-tree variations, whole-tree values and the representative heights for the whole tree value of basic density, and contents of wood components per volume were analysed for two trees of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and
    E
    . globulus
    respectively, grown at the seed orchard in Western Australia to do quality breeding.
    Within-tree variation of
    E
    . camaldulensis
    was rather uniform as 500±40, 532 ±34 kg/
    m3
    , but that of
    E
    . globulus
    was large as 595 ± 69, 616 ± 79 kg/
    m3
    and the basic density was higher in bark side and upper part in the trunk, to be expected to have higher pulp productivity.
    The whole-tree values of
    E
    . camaldulensis
    were 501, 520 kg/
    m3
    and those of
    E
    . globulus
    were 594, 640 kg/
    m3
    and the difference of the species was observed.
    Representative heights for the whole-tree contents ±
    5
    % were 0.32.8 m on
    E
    . camaldulensis
    , and 0.8 and
    2
    .8 m on
    E
    . globulus
    regardless the differences in the whole-tree height and the within-tree variation when they were chosen below
    3
    .
    3
    m height for sampling an increment core.
    Representative heights were also determined for contents of wood components per volume as follows ; for
    E
    . camaldulensis
    , holocellulose : 1.
    3
    ,
    2
    .8 m, cellulose :
    2
    .
    83
    .
    3
    m, hemicellulose : 0.
    82
    . 8 m, lignin : 0.81.
    3
    ,
    2
    .8 m, extractives :
    2
    .
    3
    m, alkali-extractives : 1.
    3
    m, and total-extractives :
    2
    .32.8 m, for
    E
    . globulus
    ,
    2
    .8 m,
    2
    .32.8 m,
    2
    .8 m, 0.30.8 m,
    2
    .
    83
    .
    3
    m,
    2
    .
    83
    .
    3
    m and
    2
    .8 m in the same manner.
    It is expected that whole-tree pulp properties including pulp productivity are predicted by the increment core taken from these representative heights.
  • CHINGCHUAN HUANG, LILING HONG
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2000年 40 巻 5 号 65-73
    発行日: 2000/10/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The applicability of a method for predicting 'bearing capacity increase'in reinforced sandy ground was examined using tests performed under various test conditions. It was found that the present method predicted, with reasonable accuracy, the bearing capacity increase in sandy ground, reinforced with stiff reinforcement. This method may not be applicable for sandy ground reinforced with extensible reinforcement due to the unsuccessful formation of a semirigid zone under the footing. An investigation into the settlement of a footing on reinforced sandy ground, at ultimate footing load condition, suggested that the settlement of footing for reaching peak footing load may be correlated to the 'deep-footing'and the 'wide-slab'mechanisms. That is, the ultimate settlement ratio between reinforced and unreinforced model sandy ground, SRf, may be linearly correlated to 'BCRD'and 'BCRs', which represent 'deep-footing' and 'wide-slab'effects, respectively, on the ultimate bearing capacity increase in reinforced sandy ground.
  • 等電点ゲル電気泳動法を用いたアポ蛋白Eの Isoform の検討
    上田 幸生, 吉村 陽, 若杉 隆伸, 渡辺 彰, 多々見 良三, 上田 良成, 亀谷 富夫, 羽場 利博, 小泉 順二, 宮元 進, 馬淵 宏, 竹田 亮祐
    動脈硬化
    1981年 8 巻 4 号 745-751
    発行日: 1981/01/01
    公開日: 2011/09/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    According to Utermann et al, Apo
    E
    is usually separated into three major isoforms, ie
    E
    1,
    E
    2
    ,
    E
    3
    , and he reported three phenotypes of Apo
    E
    , Apo
    E
    -N, Apo
    E
    -ND, Apo
    E
    -D, according to the Apo
    E
    2
    /
    E
    3
    ratios.
    In this study we examined Apo
    E
    polymorphism by isoelectric focusing and ultracentrifugal lipoprotein analysis in 124 Japanese subjects including
    5
    patients with primary type III hyperlipoproteinemia.
    Following results were obtained.
    1) The Apo
    E
    protein focused into four main bands, Apo
    E
    1′,
    E
    1,
    E
    2
    ,
    E
    3
    (normal pattern) and fifth band (Apo
    E
    4), (variant pattern).
    2
    ) In primary type III hyperlipoproteinemia, Apo
    E
    3
    was deficient, wherease Apo
    E
    2
    and Apo
    E
    1 increased.
    3
    ) We examined distribution of Apo
    E
    patterns according to Apo
    E
    3
    /
    E
    2
    ratios in 124 subjects. The distribution of the Apo
    E
    3
    /
    E
    2
    ratios showed a trimodality. All the patients with primary type III hyperlipoproteinemia were in the lowest mode (
    E
    3
    /
    E
    2
    below 0.
    3
    ) which represents Apo
    E
    -D. In the remainders, 34 subjects were in the middle mode (
    E
    3
    /
    E
    2
    , between 0.6-1.4) which represents Apo
    E
    -ND. and
    85
    subjects were in the highest mode (
    E
    3
    /
    E
    2
    above 1.
    5
    ) which represents Apo
    E
    -N.
    These cutoff points correspond to those which Utermann had reported in the German populations. Thus, there were no differences in Apo
    E
    phenotypes between Japanese and German populations.
    4) In
    3
    patients out of
    5
    patients with primary type III hyperlipoproteinemia, we measured postheparin lipolytic activity. Two cases (H. N., M. K.) showed a decreased hepatic lipase activity (H-TGL) and a normal lipoprotein lipase activity (LPL).
    But one case (S. I.) showed a normal H-TGL and LPL.
    5
    ) VLDL-TC/VLDL-TG and VLDL-TC/whole serum TG ratios were higher in Apo
    E
    -ND than in Apo
    E
    -N, and higher in Apo
    E
    -D than in Apo
    E
    -ND.
    These results suggests that Apo
    E
    3
    deficiency had a effect which increases lipoprotein remnants.
  • Simon MAXWELL
    臨床薬理
    2008年 39 巻 5 号 141S-144S
    発行日: 2008年
    公開日: 2009/02/05
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 高木 徹, 林 賢治, 板橋 豊
    日本水産学会誌
    1984年 50 巻 8 号 1413-1418
    発行日: 1984/08/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The acetone extracts from three samples of the hepatopancreas of the poisonous scallops obtained on the Okhotsk Coast of Hokkaido Island were fractionated into two parts, hexane soluble fraction (fraction H) and
    85
    % aqueous ethanol soluble fraction (fraction
    E
    ) by partition to two layers. The majortoxic components in the mouse assay of “diarrheic shellfish toxin” by intra-peritoneal injection were found to be free unsaturated fatty acids showed the following toxicity in MU per g, 18:1 n-
    9
    35, 18:
    2
    n-6
    83
    , 18:
    3
    n-
    3
    167, 18:4 n-
    3
    83
    , 20:
    5
    n-
    3
    167, and
    22
    :6 n-
    3
    83
    , respectively. Toxicity of the fraction Hin MUper g was much lower than that of the fraction
    E
    . However, the toxicity of the fraction H per 1 g of the hepatopancreas was about twice that of the fraction
    E
    , since the fraction Hwas much more abundant than the fraction
    E
    in the hepatopancreas. The method for the assay of the diarrhetic shellfish toxin must be reexamined by considering the toxic effect of the free unsaturated fatty acids.
  • 松浦 邦男
    照明学会雑誌
    1968年 52 巻 3 号 121-124
    発行日: 1968/03/25
    公開日: 2011/07/19
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 真仁田 英明, 神戸川 明
    YAKUGAKU ZASSHI
    1980年 100 巻 10 号 1019-1027
    発行日: 1980/10/25
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Estriol antisera were raised and studied for the use in radioimmunoassay (RIA) of urinary estrogen as an aid of diagnosis of feto-placental function. Antisera to estriol-related six haptens, i.
    e
    ., estriol 16-glucuronide (
    E3
    -16-G), estriol 16-hemisuccinate (
    E3
    -16-succ), estriol 17-hemisuccinate (
    E3
    -17-succ), estriol 16, 17-dihemisuccinate (
    E3
    -16, 17-succ), estriol
    3
    -carboxymethylether (
    E3
    -
    3
    -CME) and estriol
    3
    -glucuronide (
    E3
    -
    3
    -G), were obtained by immunizing rabbits with the respective haptenbovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate. Antiserum to
    E3
    -16-G-BSA reacted significantly with
    E3
    -16-G, C-17 conjugated estrogens and free estrogens. But it did not react with C-
    3
    conjugated estrogens and other steroids. Similar properties were observed with antisera to
    E3
    -16-succ-BSA,
    E3
    -17-succ-BSA and
    E3
    -16, 17-succ-BSA, but their reactivities with C-16 or C-17 conjugated estrogens were slightly lower than that of anti-
    E3
    -16-G-BSA serum. Among antisera which were raised against estriol linked to BSA via hemisuccinate varying in linking posirion, anti-
    E3
    -16-succ-BSA serum highly reacted with
    E3
    -16-G, while anti-
    E3
    -17-succ-BSA did with
    E3
    -17-G. Anti-
    E3
    -16, 17-succ-BSA serum reacted with C-16 and C-17 conjugated estrogens to nearly the same extent. Antisera to both
    E3
    -
    3
    -CME-BSA and
    E3
    -
    3
    -G-BSA reacted with estrogens conjugated at C-
    3
    position, but failed to react with C-16 or C-17 conjugated estrogens. The latter antiserum reacted more specifically with
    E3
    and
    E3
    3
    -G than the former. Estrogen values in pregnancy urine samples estimated by the RIA by use of anti-
    E3
    -16-G serum were not influenced by other components in urine, and showed a good correlation of y=0.81x-1.28, r=0.983 with those determined by the currently available colorimetric method with
    E3
    -kit.
  • JACEK TEJCHMAN, IVO HERLE
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1999年 39 巻 5 号 47-60
    発行日: 1999/10/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The bearing capacity of plane strain model footings on sand is numerically investigated with a finite element method and a polar hypoplastic constitutive law. The constitutive law is obtained through an extension of a non-polar hypoplastic constitutive law by polar quantities : rotations, curvatures, couple stresses and a characteristic length. It can reproduce the salient features of granular bodies while taking into account shear localisation. The hypoplastic constants are calibrated with element test calculations on the basis of plane strain and triaxial compression tests. The FE-analyses are performed for both different mean grain diameters and initial densities of dry medium sand, and footing widths. The effect of material constants on the load-displacement curve is also investigated. The FE-results are compared with model tests. Advantages and limitations of a polar hypoplastic approach are outlined.
  • MICHAEL GEORGIADIS
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1993年 33 巻 1 号 169-175
    発行日: 1993/03/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    A series of model tests has been conducted to study the effect of footing embedment and load eccentricity on the load-settlement and moment-rotation relationships as well as on the bearing capacity. A method was developed for predicting the nonlinear response of an embedded footing, which uses elasticity theory to model soil behavior at low load levels and then incorporates soil nonlinearity in compliance with the experimental behavior. In addition, the effect of embedment on the interaction diagrams between vertical loads and moments that cause failure of the footing is analyzed.
  • EUGENW. PERAU
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1997年 37 巻 4 号 77-83
    発行日: 1997/12/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    A new concept for the calculation of the bearing capacity of shallow foundations is presented. The Terzaghi-Buisman equations was transformed and extended to include all possible load cases. The shape ratio was rigorously defined. Torsional moment factors considering eccentric horizontal loads were proposed and defined for the first time, in order that complete 6-dimensional interaction diagrams could be derived. The effect of embedded depth was also investigated and considered for special factors. The influence of cohesion was derived from Caquot's theorem of the corresponding states of stress. Experimental investigations with some interesting results are presented. A new calculation scheme is presented at the conclusion of the paper.
  • ASHRAF GHALY, ADEL HANNA, MIKHAIL HANNA
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1991年 31 巻 2 号 77-92
    発行日: 1991/06/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The performance of single pitch and multi pitch screw anchors during the application of installation torque is presented. An experimental testing program was conducted using five models of screw anchors with different geometry. The effect of the shape of the screw element, sand properties, and installation depth on the required installation torque value was examined. A theoretical model was developed from which the required installation torque value can be calculated in terms of the influencing factors. The required installation torque can be determined in terms of the ultimate uplift resistance calculated from any of the available theories. Based on the actual installation torque value measured in the field, the anticipated pullout capacity can be back calculated from the present theory. A comparison between theoretical and experimental results showed good agreement. Also, good agreement was observed when the present theoretical results were compared with the available field results reported in the literature.
  • Hiroshi Xavier Chiura, Masataka Umitsu
    Microbes and Environments
    2004年 19 巻 1 号 20-30
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/04/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    Virus-like particles (VLPs) were collected from geothermal vent water samples in the drift-way at Toyoha Mine, Hokkaido, Japan (−500 m level, 63.
    5
    °C) whose VLP and bacterial abundance was (No/ml±SD, n: 500), VLP:
    9
    .60±0.29×108 and bacteria:
    3
    .61±0.14×106. VLPs ranged in diameter from 30 to 320 nm, and the major size distribution (ca 62%) was
    83
    .33.
    3
    nm (n: 843). Ultrafiltration followed by CsCl density equilibrium ultracentrifugation gave purified TY-VLPs: 6.64×1013. Regardless of UV treatment, TY-VLP reduced the efficiency of plating to 68.6-
    83
    .4% at a multiplicity of infection of ca 0.
    3
    on Escherichia coli
    AB
    1157. Generalised transduction was observed on
    E
    . coli
    AB
    1157 with a frequency between 10-4 and 10-
    5
    cells/particle using TY-VLPs without UV-treatment. The growth of generated
    E
    . coli
    transductants (TY-
    E
    -trans) was compared to that of an
    E
    . coli
    transductant (ST-
    E
    -trans) generated by Aquificales originating VLP (Chiura, 2002). The extent of the maximum growth of both transductants was ca 40% of the parental
    E
    . coli
    used as a recipient. TY-
    E
    -trans acquired "budding-like" particle productivity, which has been demonstrated for ST-
    E
    -trans. ST-
    E
    -trans produced five different size particles, whose DNA content ranged between 291.6 and 382.0 kb, and TY-
    E
    -trans produced ten different size particles between 68.
    5
    and 190.
    2
    kb, respectively.
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