The high-power reconnection heating of spherical tokamak (ST) has been studied in the TS- experiment by use of axial merging of two STs. In this method, the merging/ magnetic reconnection transformed a part of magnetic energy of merging STs into their thermal energy within short reconnection time. Our present low-field merging (.-.5kG, R-.2m) attained the maximum heating power of -10MW and increased the beta-values of STs by factor 2- transiently. The ion heating energy was found to increase inversely with the q-value (B_t component) of two STs. The most probable cause for this dependence is fast reconnection speed/ outflow speed due to large anomalous resistivity of current sheet in low-q state. After merging startup, decrease in beta was observed especially in low-q STs, indicating that the final beta value of ST increased with the q-value.

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The association between apolipoprotein (Apo-) polymorphism and the response of plasma cholesterol to dietary therapy (cholesterol intake of less than 300mg/day) was investigated for about weeks in 208 nonfamilial hypercholesterolemia patients (/ 161, / 47). The baseline lipoprotein concentration and the intake of energy and lipids were not significantly different between subjects with / and those with / phenotypes. After the dietary therapy plasma total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly decreased in both phenotype groups (p<.05). The patients with / had significantly smaller reductions of LDL-C than the patients with /. The changes of LDL-C showed a significant difference between the patients with / and / by the Kruskal Wallis test (p=.041). The presence of / predicted the degree of cholesterol reduction following dietary therapy.

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The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.

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　Human space exploration missions require life support systems to sustain the crew. Plants help regulate the earth’s atmospheric and terrestrial environment; similarly, plants could be used in a closed system in space: cleaning carbon dioxide from the air, breaking down liquid and solid wastes, and producing fresh food. Advanced Life Support systems would use plants as part of a bioregenerative system. For space flight applications, the systems must be low in mass and energy consumption, and must be designed for reduced gravity operations. Four areas of research are reviewed in this article related to ALS system design, crop physiology and biology. The Water Offset Nutrient Delivery ExpeRiment (WONDER) will be conducted on the Space Shuttle to evaluate gravity-independent hydroponic systems and optimum water content targets for microgravity crop production. The Photosynthesis Experiment and System Testing and Operation (PESTO) project studied the photosynthesis rates and physiological responses of crops germinated and grown in microgravity. A project to study crop production systems in closed, controlled environments for multiple crops in the same root and aerial environment (International Space Station baseline conditions) is described. Finally, efficient light emitting diode (LED) lighting is being studied to determine plant photobiological responses to different light qualities.

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BCR-ABL1 International Scale（IS）測定はチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤で治療されている慢性骨髄性白血病（CML）患者の治療効果をモニターする上で重要な検査法である。稀ではあるが，BCR-ABL1 IS測定ができないCMLが存在することが知られている。本研究において，我々は，そのようなBCR-ABL1 IS測定のできないCML患者を経験し，分子生物学的な方法で，その原因を解明した。本例ではABL1遺伝子における切断点がa2エクソン内にあることが分かり，そのことがABL1のa2エクソンを欠いた

14a（a）キメラ遺伝子のmRNAのみの発現を誘導していた。a2エクソンは本邦における検査部でのIS測定において重要な要素であり，これが欠損することが測定不能の原因であった。このようなIS測定ができない稀なCML症例をさらに集積して，その分子構造を解明することが待たれる。

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-(2-Aminophenylthio)-, -dichloropyridazine (I) on treating with dil. Hydrochloric acid or acetic acid gave -chloro-5H-benzo[]pyridazino[, -][1, ]thiazine (, -diazapheno-thiazine type) through rearrangement and cyclization. -Chloro-10H-benzo[]pyridazino-[, -][1, ]thiazine (1, 2-diazaphenothiazine type) was obtained by either heating of I at 150°or treating of I with conc. hydrochloric acid through direct cyclization. The mechanism of the aforesaid reactions was discussed using a molecular orbital method. Several 1, 2-and , -diazaphenothiazine derivatives were synthesized.

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The leaning tower of Pisa is a famous historical structure, especially in the field of soil mechanics. In this paper, the historical development of the inclination is reconstructed considering that a ground failure took place after each of the three construction phases. Model tests (scale 1 : 130) were carried out in order to predict that the tower will fail definitely, i.. without any further disturbances, at an angle of inclination of 5.7°, which is dramatically close to the actual value of 5.5°. The estimated probability of failure rises very quickly with an increase in the angle of inclination. Conservation of the tower should be done therefore with utmost caution.

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The performance of single pitch and multi pitch screw anchors during the application of installation torque is presented. An experimental testing program was conducted using five models of screw anchors with different geometry. The effect of the shape of the screw element, sand properties, and installation depth on the required installation torque value was examined. A theoretical model was developed from which the required installation torque value can be calculated in terms of the influencing factors. The required installation torque can be determined in terms of the ultimate uplift resistance calculated from any of the available theories. Based on the actual installation torque value measured in the field, the anticipated pullout capacity can be back calculated from the present theory. A comparison between theoretical and experimental results showed good agreement. Also, good agreement was observed when the present theoretical results were compared with the available field results reported in the literature.

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Results of model loading tests on dense sand were reviewed to assess the variation in bearing capacity factors N_γ and N_q relative to the width of the foundation base. Consequently, it is confirmed that N_γ decreases non-linearly with increase in the width of foundation base and that N_q decreases more sharply than N_γ does as the width increase. It is also found that N_q decreases as the ratio of burried depth to the width increase. The cause of decrease in N_γ or N_q with increase in the width is regarded to be the rise of stress level which induces lowering of the angle of internal friction φ and volume reduction in the bearing sand by compression.

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-Chloro--mercapto-5-ethoxypyridazine (1) was heated under reflux in abs. ethanol for three hours to form concurrently four products with novel rings in the dipyridazo-1, -dithiin system, , -diethoxydipyridazo [, - : ', '-]-1, -dithiin (pale yellow needles, mp 211°, 13% in yield) (Ia), , -diethoxydipyridazo [, - : ', '-]-1, -dithiin (colorless needles, mp 260°, 12% in yield) (IIa), dipyridazo [, - : ', '-]-1, -dithiin-, (1H, H)-dione (colorless solid, mp>300°, 24% in yield) (Ib), and dipyridazo [, - : ', '-]-1, -dithiin-, (1H, H)-dione (colorless solid, mp>300°, 16% in yield) (IIb). Structural assignment of the compounds, Ia, IIa, Ib and IIb, was confirmed by their physico-chemical constants and chemical experimental evidences. Similar concurrent formations of an isomeric pair of , -disubstituted dipyridazo-[, - : ', '-]-1, -dithiins (I series isomers) and , -disubstituted dipyridazo [, - : ', '-]-1, -dithiins (II series ones) were also observed in those cases in which heating , 5-dichloro--mercaptopyridazine (), -chloro--mercapto-5-benzylthiopyridazine () and -chloro--mercapto-5-morpholinopyridazine (5) in similar reaction conditions (heating in proper polar solvents for proportionatd periods) formed a pair of the , -dichloro- (colorless needles, mp 275°, only trace in yield) (Ic) and , -dichloro derivative (pale yellow needles, mp 307°(decomp.), only trace in yield) (IIc), , -dibenzylthio- (yellow crystals, mp 230°, 29% in yield) (Id) and , -dibenzyl derivative (red crystals, mp 252°, 23% in yield) (IId), and , -dimorpholino- (colorless crystals, mp 268°, 38% in yield) (Ie) and , -dimorpholino derivative (colorless needles, mp 291°, 25% in yield) (IIe), respectively. A rather complex cyclization furnishing the concurrent formation of two pairs of the dipyridazo-1, -dithiin derivatives was found in the reaction of heating -chloro-, 5-dimercaptopyridazine () in a similar reaction condition, followed by benzylation, in which a pair of the derivatives with another novel ring, dipyridazo [, - : ', 5'-]-1, -dithiin, the , -dibenzylthio- (colorless plates, mp 168°, 5% in yield) (VI) and , -di-benzylthio derivative (yellow needles, mp 210°, 11% in yield) (VII) and another pair of derivatives with a known ring, dipyridazo [, 5- : ', 5'-]-1, -dithiin, the 1, -dibenzylthio-(yellow needles, mp 178°, 19% in yield) (IV) and the 1, -dibenzylthio derivative (colorless needles, mp 170°, % in yield) (V) and none of Id and IId or 1, -dichlorodipyridazo-[, 5- : ', 5'-]-1, -dithiin (If) and 1, -dichloro derivative (IIf) was detected. NMR spectra of some dibenzylthiodipyridazo-1, -dithiin derivatives were compared. A discussion of the cyclization mechanism involved in these reactions is also proposed.

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L'entree en Iran des armees britannique et sovietique s'est produite en aout 1941. Elle ebranla du coup le regime de la dynastie pahlavi qui etait au pouvoir depuis 16 ans, et mena le pays vers l'instabilite politique et le chaos social. La defaite de l'arme gouvernementale, qui etait le pivot du regime de Reza Shah, reduisit considerablement le controle du gouvernement central dans le pays. Cette situation politico-sociale confuse permit le developpement de differents mouvements politiques en Iran. C'est ainsi que le 16 aout 1942 le parti clandestin Komeley Jiyanewey Kurdistan (J-K) est ne a Mehabad, une ville au nord-ouest de l' Iran. Des sa formation, ce parti a su etendre sa sphere d'activite et, en une courte periode de temps, a fini par mettre sous son influence la ville et ses alentours. A la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, en ete 1945, le J-K etait devenu une organisation representant le mouvement nationaliste kurde en Iran. C'est a ce moment-la qu'un autre parti politique, le Hizbi Dimokratiki Kurdistan (HDK), fonde par Qazi Mihemed a Mehabad aussi, devait remplacer le J-K. Des le janvier 1946, le HDK proclama l'instauration de la≪Republique de Kurdistan≫. Cependant, les troupes sovietiques qui avaient pris sous leur protection la Republique evacuerent les terres iraniennes, en mai 1946. Six mois plus tard, sous la pression militaire du gouvernement central iranien, la republique s'ecroula. Deux theories tentent d'expliquer le passage du J-K au HDK. William Eagleton Jr., par exemple, affirme dans The Kurdish Republic of 1946 que le HDK a ete cree sur le conseil des autorites sovietiques. L'ex-secretaire general du Parti Democratique du Kurdistan d'Iran, 'Ebd el-Rehman Qasimlu maintient par contre que Qazi Mihemed a etabli le nouveau parti de sa propre initiative, eu regard a la situation politique de cette epoque-la. Il considere que la passage du J-K au HDK comme etant l'evolution d'un parti nationaliste clandestin en un parti democratique. En analysant ces deux theories et en se basant sur les autobiographies des personages qui se sont engages dans cet evenement, cette etude tentera d'examiner le principe directeur et les activites du J-K et de mieux comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles le J-K devait etre remplace par le HDK. La conclusion generale portera sur les differents objectifs politiques du J-K et du HDK. Le J-K visait l'elevation du niveau culturel du peuple tout en luttant contre le tribalisme, qui etait, selon lui, le probleme majeur de≪la nation kurde≫, et cela en ecartant toute idee de revolte militaire. Le J-K a aussi exclu de son cadre les elites sociales telles que les leaders des tribus et dirigeants religieux de peur qu'ils n'excercent une influence sur les membres du parti. L'automne de 1944 fut le debut d'une nouvelle ere pour le mouvement kurde. Alors que l'espoir de l'autodetermination augmentait parmi le peuple a mesure que s'approchait la fin de la guerre, la necessite de la force militaire a commence a se faire sentir dans le J-K. C'est pour cela que s'est produite au sein du parti une tendance a compter sur l'aide militaire des sovietiques et a recourir au leadership de Qazi Mihemed, qui avait une certaine influence meme sur les leaders tribaux. Mais cette tendance etait essentiellement incompatible avec la ligne fondamentale du J-K et, graduellement, a prive ce parti de sa raison d'etre. Ainsi, le HDK se substitua au J-K en tant que≪parti democratique≫visant a rallier d'abord les elites sociales sous sa banniere, en s'appuyant sur l'autorite personnelle de Qazi Mihemed.

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Background

The differences in conditions of enteric-coated acid-labile drug release and absorption between healthy subjects in bioequivalence studies and gastrointestinal patients in clinical practice can lead to significant differences in gastric stability of original PPIs and generics. Thus, pathologic duodenogastric reflux (PDGR) and the pH increasing within PPIs administration still remain unaccounted for.

Methods

Two-stage modified comparative dissolution testing of original omeprazole (OO) and four generics (G1;2;

;) was performed. At first, we moved drugs from solution with pH 1.2 (1.2±.05) to pH 7. (7.±.05) and measure concentration of omeprazole in solution by high-performance liquid chromatography. According to our self-developed formula, pH 7 exposure time of resistance to PDGR for omeprazole is minutes, i.. the active substance should not be released within minutes at pH 7. The exposure at the second stage was conducted with pH (.±.05), that imitated gastric pH after PPI administration. And then we also moved drugs to pH 7 with the subsequent measurement of omeprazole concentration.

Results

Omeprazole concentrations after

, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 minutes in pH 7 solution at the first stage were different for OO and generics. For OO, these values were ,7±,7%; 41,±,%; 62,±,%; 79,5±2,%; ,5±2,%; 81,±2,%; 80,±,%; for Generic1 - ; 49,±,%; 88, ±2,%; 90,±,7%; 88, 2±2,2%; 87,±2,%; 85,±1,1%; for Generic2 - ; 30,±,%; 66,7±,2%; 76,±7,%; ,±5,%; 86,±,7%; ,±,%: for Generic - 80,±,%; ,5±1,%; , ±,2%; ,±2,7%; 81,±2,1%; ,1±2,%; ,±2,%; for Generic - ,5±1,7%; ,±,%; ,2±1,2%; , ±,%; ,±,%; ,±,%; ,±1,1%, respectively.

An analysis of the omeprazole concentration in pH 7 solution at the second stage revealed the following parameters after the same time: for OO -

,±,%; 40, 5±,%; 62,±2,%; 80,±,1%; 85,±2,%; ,±,%; 80,±,5%; for Generic1 - ; 67,±7,%; 89,7±2,%; 91, ±,%; 89,1±1,%; 88,±1,%; 87,±1,2%; for Generic2 - ; 42,2±5,%; 75,1±7,%; 81,±,%; 88,±,2%; 88, ±1,%; 87,±1,%; for Generic - 85,5±,5%; 85,±,5%; ,7±,%; ,7±,%; ,±,%; ,±,%; ,±,%, respectively. Generic release and degradation were completely realized at pH .

Conclusion

Decreased gastric stability of Generic

and Generic makes PDGR and inhibited gastric acid secretion due to PPIs administration the potential causes of decreased enteric-coated acid-labile drugs stability.

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Two new polyacetylene compounds (, , 12)-1-acetoxy--isovaleryloxytetradeca-, , 12-trien-, 10-diyn-14-ol (), and (, , 12)-1-acetoxy--(2-methylbutyryloxy)tetradeca-, , 12-trien-, 10-diyn-14-ol (C) have been isolated along with (, , 12)-1-acetoxy--senecioyloxytetradeca-, , 12-trien-, 10-diyn-14-ol (A) from Atractylodes Rhizome (Karabyakujutu). The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of their spectral data.

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ラットに

3H

-CU-

83

(S)を25μg/kgで静脈内あるいは経口投与し，血液中濃度および尿糞中排泄を検討した．
静脈内投与後の血液中濃度推移は投与後5分より上昇し，投与後45分に25.74ng eq./mlのC_maxを示し，それ以後t_1/2

3

.05時間とt_1/2 33.09時間の二相で減少した．投与後72時間までのAUCは135.42ng eq.·hr/mlであった．
経口投与では，投与後

3

時間でC_max

4

.10ng eq./mlに達し，以後t_1/2α

4

.46時間とt_1/2β 26.

83

時間の二相で減少した．投与後72時間までのAUCは48.62ng eq.·hr/mlであった．
静脈内投与と経口投与のいずれの場合も，尿および糞中への放射能の排泄は，投与後48時間でほぼ終了した．静脈内投与では，投与後72時間までに投与量の30.52%が尿中に，60.42%が糞中に排泄された．経口投与では，同じく72時間までに40.34%が尿中に，69.24%が糞中に排泄された．

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