ラットに

3H

-CU-

83

(S)を25μg/kgで静脈内あるいは経口投与し，血液中濃度および尿糞中排泄を検討した．
静脈内投与後の血液中濃度推移は投与後5分より上昇し，投与後45分に25.74ng eq./mlのC_maxを示し，それ以後t_1/2

3

.05時間とt_1/2 33.09時間の二相で減少した．投与後72時間までのAUCは135.42ng eq.·hr/mlであった．
経口投与では，投与後

3

時間でC_max 4.10ng eq./mlに達し，以後t_1/2α 4.46時間とt_1/2β 26.

83

時間の二相で減少した．投与後72時間までのAUCは48.62ng eq.·hr/mlであった．
静脈内投与と経口投与のいずれの場合も，尿および糞中への放射能の排泄は，投与後48時間でほぼ終了した．静脈内投与では，投与後72時間までに投与量の30.52%が尿中に，60.42%が糞中に排泄された．経口投与では，同じく72時間までに40.34%が尿中に，69.24%が糞中に排泄された．

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BCR-ABL1 International Scale（IS）測定はチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤で治療されている慢性骨髄性白血病（CML）患者の治療効果をモニターする上で重要な検査法である。稀ではあるが，BCR-ABL1 IS測定ができないCMLが存在することが知られている。本研究において，我々は，そのようなBCR-ABL1 IS測定のできないCML患者を経験し，分子生物学的な方法で，その原因を解明した。本例ではABL1遺伝子における切断点がa2エクソン内にあることが分かり，そのことがABL1のa2エクソンを欠いた

14a（a）キメラ遺伝子のmRNAのみの発現を誘導していた。a2エクソンは本邦における検査部でのIS測定において重要な要素であり，これが欠損することが測定不能の原因であった。このようなIS測定ができない稀なCML症例をさらに集積して，その分子構造を解明することが待たれる。

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The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.

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The nanocrystalline soft-magnetic ribbon alloy with a width of 10 mm prepared through annealing amorphous ribbon alloy at 698 K had a saturation magnetization flux density of 1. T and a coercivity of 11. A m⁻¹. The nanohetero-amorphous microstructure consisted of α-Fe nanocrystals with an average size of nm and amorphous neighbor phases. The results of polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectra obtained in .5 M Na₂SO₄ and .5 M NaCl solutions demonstrated the positive shift of the corrosion potentials, the decrease in the passive current density, the increase in the breakdown potentials and the increase in the polarization resistance for the nanocrystalline ribbon alloy, compared with its amorphous counterpart alloy. The corrosion performance was improved via annealing, which is thought to result from the enrichment of constituent in the surface oxide layer.

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L'entree en Iran des armees britannique et sovietique s'est produite en aout 1941. Elle ebranla du coup le regime de la dynastie pahlavi qui etait au pouvoir depuis 16 ans, et mena le pays vers l'instabilite politique et le chaos social. La defaite de l'arme gouvernementale, qui etait le pivot du regime de Reza Shah, reduisit considerablement le controle du gouvernement central dans le pays. Cette situation politico-sociale confuse permit le developpement de differents mouvements politiques en Iran. C'est ainsi que le 16 aout 1942 le parti clandestin Komeley Jiyanewey Kurdistan (J-K) est ne a Mehabad, une ville au nord-ouest de l' Iran. Des sa formation, ce parti a su etendre sa sphere d'activite et, en une courte periode de temps, a fini par mettre sous son influence la ville et ses alentours. A la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, en ete 1945, le J-K etait devenu une organisation representant le mouvement nationaliste kurde en Iran. C'est a ce moment-la qu'un autre parti politique, le Hizbi Dimokratiki Kurdistan (HDK), fonde par Qazi Mihemed a Mehabad aussi, devait remplacer le J-K. Des le janvier 1946, le HDK proclama l'instauration de la≪Republique de Kurdistan≫. Cependant, les troupes sovietiques qui avaient pris sous leur protection la Republique evacuerent les terres iraniennes, en mai 1946. Six mois plus tard, sous la pression militaire du gouvernement central iranien, la republique s'ecroula. Deux theories tentent d'expliquer le passage du J-K au HDK. William Eagleton Jr., par exemple, affirme dans The Kurdish Republic of 1946 que le HDK a ete cree sur le conseil des autorites sovietiques. L'ex-secretaire general du Parti Democratique du Kurdistan d'Iran, 'Ebd el-Rehman Qasimlu maintient par contre que Qazi Mihemed a etabli le nouveau parti de sa propre initiative, eu regard a la situation politique de cette epoque-la. Il considere que la passage du J-K au HDK comme etant l'evolution d'un parti nationaliste clandestin en un parti democratique. En analysant ces deux theories et en se basant sur les autobiographies des personages qui se sont engages dans cet evenement, cette etude tentera d'examiner le principe directeur et les activites du J-K et de mieux comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles le J-K devait etre remplace par le HDK. La conclusion generale portera sur les differents objectifs politiques du J-K et du HDK. Le J-K visait l'elevation du niveau culturel du peuple tout en luttant contre le tribalisme, qui etait, selon lui, le probleme majeur de≪la nation kurde≫, et cela en ecartant toute idee de revolte militaire. Le J-K a aussi exclu de son cadre les elites sociales telles que les leaders des tribus et dirigeants religieux de peur qu'ils n'excercent une influence sur les membres du parti. L'automne de 1944 fut le debut d'une nouvelle ere pour le mouvement kurde. Alors que l'espoir de l'autodetermination augmentait parmi le peuple a mesure que s'approchait la fin de la guerre, la necessite de la force militaire a commence a se faire sentir dans le J-K. C'est pour cela que s'est produite au sein du parti une tendance a compter sur l'aide militaire des sovietiques et a recourir au leadership de Qazi Mihemed, qui avait une certaine influence meme sur les leaders tribaux. Mais cette tendance etait essentiellement incompatible avec la ligne fondamentale du J-K et, graduellement, a prive ce parti de sa raison d'etre. Ainsi, le HDK se substitua au J-K en tant que≪parti democratique≫visant a rallier d'abord les elites sociales sous sa banniere, en s'appuyant sur l'autorite personnelle de Qazi Mihemed.

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We investigated the local structure changes of nanocrystalline alloy prepared by arc melting with various annealing conditions by XAFS. It was found that individual structural changes occur around each element (Fe, Si, P, Cu) by several annealing steps. The as-spun sample shows amorphous like structure. The Fe and Si phase crystallize by annealing at first transition temperature (693 K). On the other hand the local structure around Cu and P atoms changed by two steps at 693 K and 823 K. In order to examine the structure more detail, the XANES comparison and the curve fitting method for EXAFS were performed. The Cu atoms were embedded in bcc Fe phase between the first and second transition temperatures and changes to fcc Cu phase over 823 K. It was suggested that α-Fe phase including the isolated Cu atoms can be easily crystallized and shows the high magnetic performance. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2012.651]

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the predation efficacy of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus on multidrug-resistant (MDR) or extensive drug resistant (XDR) gram-negative pathogens and their corresponding biofilms. In this study, we examined the ability of

. bacteriovorus to prey on MDR and XDR gram-negative clinical bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Results showed that

B

. bacteriovorus was able to prey on all planktonic cultures, among which the most efficient predation was observed for drug-resistant

E

. coli, with a .11 log10 reduction in viability. Furthermore,

B

. bacteriovorus demonstrated promising efficacy in preventing biofilm formation and dispersing the established biofilm. Reductions in biofilm formation of

E

. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii co-cultured with

B

. bacteriovorus were 65.2%, 37.1%, 44.%, and 36.%, respectively. Meanwhile, the established biofilms of

E

. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii were significantly reduced by .4%, 81.%, .1%, and 79.9%, respectively. A visual analysis supported by scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the role of

B

. bacteriovorus in removing the established biofilms. This study highlights the potential use of

B

. bacteriovorus as a biological control agent with the capability to prey on MDR/XDR gram-negative pathogens and eradicate biofilms.

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The acetone extracts from three samples of the hepatopancreas of the poisonous scallops obtained on the Okhotsk Coast of Hokkaido Island were fractionated into two parts, hexane soluble fraction (fraction H) and 85% aqueous ethanol soluble fraction (fraction ) by partition to two layers. The majortoxic components in the mouse assay of “diarrheic shellfish toxin” by intra-peritoneal injection were found to be free unsaturated fatty acids showed the following toxicity in MU per g, 18:1 n-9 35, 18:2 n-6 , 18: n- 167, 18:4 n- , 20:5 n- 167, and :6 n- , respectively. Toxicity of the fraction Hin MUper g was much lower than that of the fraction . However, the toxicity of the fraction H per 1 g of the hepatopancreas was about twice that of the fraction , since the fraction Hwas much more abundant than the fraction in the hepatopancreas. The method for the assay of the diarrhetic shellfish toxin must be reexamined by considering the toxic effect of the free unsaturated fatty acids.

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Studies were performed on the pulmonary scintigram in 57 cases of asthmatic children and acid-base balance in 33 cases. Also, the relationship between pulmonary regional blood flow taken by photoscintigram of six to eight focuses and clinical findings or acid-base balance were observed. The results were as follows.
1. The irregular shadows in pulmonary area were recognizable in all cases with asthmatic crisis by scintigram and diminished or disappeared upon clinical improvement. However, about fifty percent of subjects remained to be positive in pulmonic irregular shadow without any physical findings ever few days after the occurence of attacks.
2. The deteriolation of symptom referred to the degree of circulation disturbance in pulmonary area, i.. eleven segments of flow disturbance in severe cases of asthmatic crisis, six to ten segments in moderate and below five in mind.
. PO₂, PCO₂, pH and .. in arterial blood of asthmatic children were indicated as follows.
PCO₂ (mmHg) =10-

0.00134

(Po₂ (mmHg) -1248), r=-

0

.346
PCO₂ (mmHg) =-6.16×pH+

83

.73, r=-

0

.779
PO₂ (mmHg) =

8

.69×pH+6.53, r=

0

.409

B

.

E

. (mEq/L) =

3

.87×pH-31.11, r=

0

.881
(r=correlation index)
4. The decrease of arterial PO₂ was seen according the deterioration of clinical findings, and PCO₂ revealed to elevate as clinical deterioration enforced. Upon the break down of homeostatic mechanism, it was showed to be hypercapnic and hypoxemic. It was strongly suggested to require treatment when PO₂ showed below 60 mmHg or PCO₂ is above 40 mmHg in asthmatic children. pH of normol valve was seen in 65 % of subjects with asthmatic crisis and decreased in 23 %, while normal

B

.

E

. in 38 % and moderately decreased in 50 %.
5. According to the degree of circulating defective area in pulmonary region, PO₂ was decreased with following relation.
PO₂ (mmHg) =-1.27× (segment of defective area) +

82

.17, r=-

0

.648 No significant relation between PCO₂,

B

.

E

., pH and regional pulmonary defect.
6. The defects in regional pulmonary flow were seen remarkably in upper on lower in severe crisis.

7

. The regional pulmonary circulation defects showed in moderate degree when initial onset of attack was over four years of age, and duration of disease continued more than six years.

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The numerical values of the intervals betrween optieal levels are competed for the configurations *⁹4s, 5s, 6s and s of Cu⁺, according to the general expression of energy-levels derived in the previous paper The self-consistent field radial functions computed by Hartree adn Hartree are used for1s, 2s, 2p, s, p and d. Those of 4s, 5s, .s and are ealenlated from Hartree Hartree's core-functions by the numerical integrations. The calculated results are shown in Table I.The agreement with experiment is satisfactory

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Background

The differences in conditions of enteric-coated acid-labile drug release and absorption between healthy subjects in bioequivalence studies and gastrointestinal patients in clinical practice can lead to significant differences in gastric stability of original PPIs and generics. Thus, pathologic duodenogastric reflux (PDGR) and the pH increasing within PPIs administration still remain unaccounted for.

Methods

Two-stage modified comparative dissolution testing of original omeprazole (OO) and four generics (G1;2;

;4) was performed. At first, we moved drugs from solution with pH 1.2 (1.2±.05) to pH . (.±.05) and measure concentration of omeprazole in solution by high-performance liquid chromatography. According to our self-developed formula, pH exposure time of resistance to PDGR for omeprazole is 4 minutes, i.. the active substance should not be released within 4 minutes at pH . The exposure at the second stage was conducted with pH 4 (4.±.05), that imitated gastric pH after PPI administration. And then we also moved drugs to pH with the subsequent measurement of omeprazole concentration.

Results

Omeprazole concentrations after 4, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 minutes in pH

solution at the first stage were different for OO and generics. For OO, these values were 4,±,%; 41,4±,%; 62,±4,%; 79,5±2,9%; ,5±2,9%; 81,6±2,9%; 80,6±4,4%; for Generic1 - ; 49,±9,9%; 88, ±2,%; 90,4±,%; 88, 2±2,2%; 87,±2,%; 85,9±1,1%; for Generic2 - ; 30,6±6,%; 66,±,2%; 76,4±,4%; ,±5,%; 86,±,%; 84,6±,%: for Generic - 80,±,6%; ,5±1,9%; , ±,2%; ,±2,%; 81,9±2,1%; ,1±2,%; ,±2,4%; for Generic4 - ,5±1,%; 84,4±,%; 84,2±1,2%; , 9±,9%; ,9±,9%; ,9±,9%; ,±1,1%, respectively.

An analysis of the omeprazole concentration in pH

solution at the second stage revealed the following parameters after the same time: for OO - 4,4±,6%; 40, 5±,%; 62,±2,%; 80,±,1%; 85,4±2,9%; ,±,4%; 80,9±,5%; for Generic1 - ; 67,±,%; 89,±2,%; 91, 9±4,%; 89,1±1,6%; 88,±1,4%; 87,±1,2%; for Generic2 - ; 42,2±5,6%; 75,1±,%; 81,±6,%; 88,4±,2%; 88, 6±1,%; 87,9±1,%; for Generic4 - 85,5±,5%; 85,6±,5%; 84,±,9%; ,±,%; 84,4±,%; 84,4±,%; 84,±,4%, respectively. Generic release and degradation were completely realized at pH 4.

Conclusion

Decreased gastric stability of Generic

and Generic4 makes PDGR and inhibited gastric acid secretion due to PPIs administration the potential causes of decreased enteric-coated acid-labile drugs stability.

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The EISCAT Svalbard Radar (ESR) has been used to obtain ion velocities in the lower thermosphere. By using beam swinging and assuming homogeneity and stationarity of the plasma, first approximations to the electric field have been deduced, and thus the thermospheric neutral wind has been estimated. From these derived parameters, we have estimated the gradient Richardson Number. Although many assumptions must be made, there is an indication that electrodynamics is able to contribute to enhancement or even production of neutral-air turbulence in the lower thermosphere. Finally, we outline a proposal for an analogy to the Reynolds Number, but reflecting the relative importance's of the contribution of ion-drag to the neutral dynamics and the kinematic viscosity.

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