Failure problems of saturated soils are classified in the present study into the following four types : Type I : The failure of loose and/or normally consolidated soils under fully drained loading conditions. Type II : The same soils but under perfectly undrained conditions. Type III : The failure of dense and/or overconsolidated soils under fully drained conditions. Type IV : The same soils but under perfectly undrained conditions. The soil-water coupling limiting equilibrium analysis on the basis of the critical state concept is shown possible to draw a distinction between type I, II and IV problems, and the limitations of the analysis procedure happen in solving the type problem in the above. This is demonstrated experimentally, in which seepage failure experiments in laboratory with the use of a saturated silty sand are employed to make distinctions clearly between the four types of failure problems. The definite distinctions both in failure load and failure mode appeared in the four types of experiments are summarized as follows : (1) the smallest failure load in loose sand in the undrained condition, (2) the largest failure load with the largest failure region in dense sand under undrained loading, () the observation of no global deformation before failure within the soil under the fully drained condition that suggests the development of very localized shear deformation in the sand. Three out of four experiments are described well by the limit analysis computation mentioned above as far as the failure load and the shape and the size of the failure region after boiling failure are concerned, and thus the type III problem is identified to be the problem that should be solved by any other means in near future.

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The numerical values of the intervals betrween optieal levels are competed for the configurations *

94s

, 5s, 6s and

7

s of Cu⁺, according to the general expression of energy-levels derived in the previous paper The self-consistent field radial functions computed by Hartree adn Hartree are used for1s, 2s, 2p,

3

s,

3

p and

3

d. Those of

4

s, 5s,

e

.s and are ealenlated from Hartree Hartree's core-functions by the numerical integrations. The calculated results are shown in Table I.The agreement with experiment is satisfactory

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We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MCT-1. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MCT-1 cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (,24R)-ergosta-,-diene-,5α,6β-triol (1). 1 induced ALP activities of MCT-1 cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MCT-1 cells by 1, ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (), cholesta-,5α,6β-triol (), -dehydrocholesterol (5) and cholecalciferol (6) were tested. The enzyme activities of MCT-1 cells were increased .0-fold by 10 μM 1 and 2.-fold by 10 μM . However, 2, , 5 and 6 did not induce MCT-1 cell ALP activity at 0.1—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C-5 and/or C-6 of 1 and played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MCT-1 cells. Furthermore, 1 suppressed induction of MCT-1 cell apoptosis by serum starvation.

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Nアルキル,:9,10-ペリレンテトラカルボン酸モノアンヒドリド=モノイミド[a～]と芳香族アミン(アニリン,p-トルイジン,p-アニシジン,,5-キシリジン,-アミノナゾベンゼン,およびo-フェニレンジアミン)を縮合して非対称型,:9,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)誘導体-N-アルキル-N'-アリール-,:9,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)(〔5a～〕,〔6a～〕,〔a～〕,〔a～〕,〔9a～〕,および〔10a～〕)を合成した. これらの各誘導体はすべて赤色系の色相を示し, 顔料試験の結果N-ブチル-N'-アリール-,:9,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)(たとえば〔5〕や〔6〕)がとくにすぐれた耐光性を示した.

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The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.

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BCR-ABL1 International Scale（IS）測定はチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤で治療されている慢性骨髄性白血病（CML）患者の治療効果をモニターする上で重要な検査法である。稀ではあるが，BCR-ABL1 IS測定ができないCMLが存在することが知られている。本研究において，我々は，そのようなBCR-ABL1 IS測定のできないCML患者を経験し，分子生物学的な方法で，その原因を解明した。本例ではABL1遺伝子における切断点がa2エクソン内にあることが分かり，そのことがABL1のa2エクソンを欠いた

14a（a）キメラ遺伝子のmRNAのみの発現を誘導していた。a2エクソンは本邦における検査部でのIS測定において重要な要素であり，これが欠損することが測定不能の原因であった。このようなIS測定ができない稀なCML症例をさらに集積して，その分子構造を解明することが待たれる。

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The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–1,500 μm tall). On 2% modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

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The association between apolipoprotein (Apo-) polymorphism and the response of plasma cholesterol to dietary therapy (cholesterol intake of less than 300mg/day) was investigated for about weeks in 208 nonfamilial hypercholesterolemia patients (/ 161, / 47). The baseline lipoprotein concentration and the intake of energy and lipids were not significantly different between subjects with / and those with / phenotypes. After the dietary therapy plasma total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly decreased in both phenotype groups (p<0.05). The patients with / had significantly smaller reductions of LDL-C than the patients with /. The changes of LDL-C showed a significant difference between the patients with / and / by the Kruskal Wallis test (p=0.041). The presence of / predicted the degree of cholesterol reduction following dietary therapy.

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L'entree en Iran des armees britannique et sovietique s'est produite en aout 1941. Elle ebranla du coup le regime de la dynastie pahlavi qui etait au pouvoir depuis 16 ans, et mena le pays vers l'instabilite politique et le chaos social. La defaite de l'arme gouvernementale, qui etait le pivot du regime de Reza Shah, reduisit considerablement le controle du gouvernement central dans le pays. Cette situation politico-sociale confuse permit le developpement de differents mouvements politiques en Iran. C'est ainsi que le 16 aout 1942 le parti clandestin Komeley Jiyanewey Kurdistan (J-K) est ne a Mehabad, une ville au nord-ouest de l' Iran. Des sa formation, ce parti a su etendre sa sphere d'activite et, en une courte periode de temps, a fini par mettre sous son influence la ville et ses alentours. A la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, en ete 1945, le J-K etait devenu une organisation representant le mouvement nationaliste kurde en Iran. C'est a ce moment-la qu'un autre parti politique, le Hizbi Dimokratiki Kurdistan (HDK), fonde par Qazi Mihemed a Mehabad aussi, devait remplacer le J-K. Des le janvier 1946, le HDK proclama l'instauration de la≪Republique de Kurdistan≫. Cependant, les troupes sovietiques qui avaient pris sous leur protection la Republique evacuerent les terres iraniennes, en mai 1946. Six mois plus tard, sous la pression militaire du gouvernement central iranien, la republique s'ecroula. Deux theories tentent d'expliquer le passage du J-K au HDK. William Eagleton Jr., par exemple, affirme dans The Kurdish Republic of 1946 que le HDK a ete cree sur le conseil des autorites sovietiques. L'ex-secretaire general du Parti Democratique du Kurdistan d'Iran, 'Ebd el-Rehman Qasimlu maintient par contre que Qazi Mihemed a etabli le nouveau parti de sa propre initiative, eu regard a la situation politique de cette epoque-la. Il considere que la passage du J-K au HDK comme etant l'evolution d'un parti nationaliste clandestin en un parti democratique. En analysant ces deux theories et en se basant sur les autobiographies des personages qui se sont engages dans cet evenement, cette etude tentera d'examiner le principe directeur et les activites du J-K et de mieux comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles le J-K devait etre remplace par le HDK. La conclusion generale portera sur les differents objectifs politiques du J-K et du HDK. Le J-K visait l'elevation du niveau culturel du peuple tout en luttant contre le tribalisme, qui etait, selon lui, le probleme majeur de≪la nation kurde≫, et cela en ecartant toute idee de revolte militaire. Le J-K a aussi exclu de son cadre les elites sociales telles que les leaders des tribus et dirigeants religieux de peur qu'ils n'excercent une influence sur les membres du parti. L'automne de 1944 fut le debut d'une nouvelle ere pour le mouvement kurde. Alors que l'espoir de l'autodetermination augmentait parmi le peuple a mesure que s'approchait la fin de la guerre, la necessite de la force militaire a commence a se faire sentir dans le J-K. C'est pour cela que s'est produite au sein du parti une tendance a compter sur l'aide militaire des sovietiques et a recourir au leadership de Qazi Mihemed, qui avait une certaine influence meme sur les leaders tribaux. Mais cette tendance etait essentiellement incompatible avec la ligne fondamentale du J-K et, graduellement, a prive ce parti de sa raison d'etre. Ainsi, le HDK se substitua au J-K en tant que≪parti democratique≫visant a rallier d'abord les elites sociales sous sa banniere, en s'appuyant sur l'autorite personnelle de Qazi Mihemed.

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The compound, ()-1-(1,-benzodioxol-5-yl)--(-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (I), , crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with space group P2₁/c and cell constants: a = .7231(15), = .9239(), c = 11.9995()Å, β = .953(6)°, V = 1322.37(16), Z = . ()-1-(1,-Benzodioxol-5-yl)--(,-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (II), C₁₈H₁₆O₅, crystallizes in the triclinic crystal system, space group P1 with a = .2961(2), = 13.8829(6), c = 14.6713()Å, α = 64.185(), β = .560(). γ = 84.966()°, V = 1510.10(10), Z = . Hydrogen bonding and crystal packing effects influence the twist angle between the mean planes of the 1,-benzodioxol-5-yl and benzene groups in both I and II, while π-π stacking interactions help to stabilize the crystal packing.

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Fracture healing is a complex dynamic process that involves the balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to participate in fracture healing. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-324-

p in osteoblast differentiation. MCT-1 cell differentiation was induced by icariin, and miR-324-p expression levels during cell differentiation were measured using qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation and differentiation were assessed to evaluate the function of miR-324-p. Luciferase activity was used for target gene verification. During MCT-1 differentiation, miR-324-p levels gradually increased over time. Further experiments showed that miR-324-p overexpression significantly promoted cell viability, whereas miR-324-p downregulation showed the opposite effect. For cells with miR-324-p mimic, the levels of bone sialoprotein, Runx2, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly elevated. SMAD is the target gene of miR-324-p, and its level is gradually downregulated during MCT-1 cell differentiation. MiR-324-p may promote MCT-1 cell differentiation by targeting SMAD.

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性周期における牛の末梢血中遊離estrogen測定にITTRICH螢光法を応用して次の成績を得た。
Ittrich colorの最大波長をspectrofluorometer Hitachi MPF-2AおよびType203で測定した結果,励起光538nm,螢光552.5nmであった。この螢光特性は, およびにそれぞれ共通であった。実際の測定では最大波長が接近しているので感度は若干低下するが510~520nmで励起し•螢光側552•5±•5nmを読み,ALLENの補正を行なった。この条件において,および-methyletherの最少検出量は1ngであった。回収率補正の目的で加えた6,-

3H

-

E₂

-17βの全過程における回収率は平均60.

3

±11.

7

%であった。正常性周期を示す黒毛和種2頭の頸静脈血についてestrogenを分画測定した。その結果,両牛共

E₁

,

E₂

の各消長型は性周期の全期間を通じてほぼ同じ傾向を示したが,

E₂

は

E₁

にくらべ全般に高値であった。また

E₃

は検出されなかった。これらの牛のtotalestrogenは発情前期に増加し,排卵前に鋭いピーク(35.

3

および

99.8ng

/l;

E₁5.9

および16.0ng/l,

E₂29.4

および

83.8ng

/l)を形成し,排卵後は急激に減少して最低値(

3

.

8

~

5.3ng

/l;

E₁1.6

および1.9ng/l,

E₂2.2

および

3.4ng

/l)を示した。黄体期の最高値(10.1および27.0ng/l;

E₁2.4

および

3.4ng

/l,

E₂7.7

および23.6ng/l)は排卵後6~

8

日に認めた。すなわちestrogenの血中濃度は性周期の間に2つのピークを形成することを認めた。

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We observed that (1S,2S,,,)-,,11,15-Cembratetraen-17,2-olide (LS-1), marine cembrenolide diterpene, inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells via a reactive oxygen species (ROS) dependent mechanism. Treatment of HT-29 cells with LS-1 resulted in ROS generation, which was accompanied by disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytosolic release of cytochrome c, sub-G1 peak accumulation, activation of Bid, caspase-, -, and -9, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) along with the suppressive expression of cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2). All these effects were significantly blocked on pretreatment with the ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC), indicating the involvement of increased ROS in the proapoptotic activity of LS-1. Moreover, we showed that LS-1 induced the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and dephosphorylation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Akt, Src and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), which were effectively attenuated by NAC. In addition, the expressions of antioxidant catalase and glutathione peroxidase were abrogated by treatment using LS-1 with or without NAC. These findings reveal the novel anticancer efficacy of LS-1 mediated by the induction of apoptosis via ROS generation in human colon cancer cells.

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