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  • George W. Lee
    燃料協会誌
    1973年 52 巻 3 号 171-177
    発行日: 1973/03/20
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Daria Kurguzova, Svetlana Serebrova, Alexey Prokofiev, Ludmila Krasnykh, Galina Vasilenko, Marina Zhuravleva, Elena Smolyarchuk, Anton Barkov
    日本薬理学会年会要旨集
    2018年 WCP2018 巻 WCP2018_PO3-5-27
    発行日: 2018年
    公開日: 2020/09/10
    会議録・要旨集 オープンアクセス

    Background

    The differences in conditions of enteric-coated acid-labile drug release and absorption between healthy subjects in bioequivalence studies and gastrointestinal patients in clinical practice can lead to significant differences in gastric stability of original PPIs and generics. Thus, pathologic duodenogastric reflux (PDGR) and the pH increasing within PPIs administration still remain unaccounted for.

    Methods

    Two-stage modified comparative dissolution testing of original omeprazole (OO) and four generics (G

    1
    ;2;
    3
    ;4) was performed. At first, we moved drugs from solution with pH
    1
    .2 (
    1
    .2±0.05) to pH
    7
    .0 (
    7
    .0±0.05) and measure concentration of omeprazole in solution by high-performance liquid chromatography. According to our self-developed formula, pH
    7
    exposure time of resistance to PDGR for omeprazole is 4 minutes, i.
    e
    . the active substance should not be released within 4 minutes at pH
    7
    . The exposure at the second stage was conducted with pH 4 (4.0±0.05), that imitated gastric pH after PPI administration. And then we also moved drugs to pH
    7
    with the subsequent measurement of omeprazole concentration.

    Results

    Omeprazole concentrations after 4, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 minutes in pH

    7
    solution at the first stage were different for OO and generics. For OO, these values were 4,
    7
    ±0,
    7
    %; 41,4±
    3
    ,0%; 62,
    8
    ±4,0%; 79,
    5
    ±2,
    9
    %;
    83
    ,
    5
    ±2,
    9
    %; 81,
    6
    ±2,
    9
    %; 80,
    6
    ±4,4%; for Generic
    1
    - 0; 49,
    3
    ±
    9
    ,
    9
    %; 88,
    8
    ±2,
    8
    %; 90,4±
    3
    ,
    7
    %; 88, 2±2,2%; 87,
    3
    ±2,0%; 85,
    9
    ±
    1
    ,
    1
    %; for Generic2 - 0; 30,
    6
    ±
    6
    ,
    3
    %; 66,
    7
    ±
    8
    ,2%; 76,4±
    7
    ,4%;
    82
    ,
    8
    ±
    5
    ,
    3
    %; 86,0±
    3
    ,
    7
    %;
    84
    ,
    6
    ±
    3
    ,
    3
    %: for Generic
    3
    - 80,
    8
    ±
    3
    ,
    6
    %;
    83
    ,
    5
    ±
    1
    ,
    9
    %;
    83
    ,
    8
    ±
    3
    ,2%;
    83
    ,
    3
    ±2,
    7
    %; 81,
    9
    ±2,
    1
    %;
    82
    ,
    1
    ±2,0%;
    82
    ,0±2,4%; for Generic4 -
    82
    ,
    5
    ±
    1
    ,
    7
    %;
    84
    ,4±0,
    8
    %;
    84
    ,2±
    1
    ,2%;
    82
    ,
    9
    ±0,
    9
    %;
    82
    ,
    9
    ±0,
    9
    %;
    82
    ,
    9
    ±0,
    9
    %;
    82
    ,
    8
    ±
    1
    ,
    1
    %, respectively.

    An analysis of the omeprazole concentration in pH

    7
    solution at the second stage revealed the following parameters after the same time: for OO - 4,4±0,
    6
    %; 40,
    5
    ±
    3
    ,0%; 62,
    8
    ±2,0%; 80,0±
    3
    ,
    1
    %; 85,4±2,
    9
    %;
    82
    ,
    8
    ±
    3
    ,4%; 80,
    9
    ±
    3
    ,
    5
    %; for Generic
    1
    - 0; 67,0±
    7
    ,
    8
    %; 89,
    7
    ±2,
    3
    %; 91,
    9
    ±4,
    3
    %; 89,
    1
    ±
    1
    ,
    6
    %; 88,
    3
    ±
    1
    ,4%; 87,
    8
    ±
    1
    ,2%; for Generic2 - 0; 42,2±
    5
    ,
    6
    %; 75,
    1
    ±
    7
    ,
    3
    %; 81,0±
    6
    ,0%; 88,4±
    3
    ,2%; 88,
    6
    ±
    1
    ,
    3
    %; 87,
    9
    ±
    1
    ,0%; for Generic4 - 85,
    5
    ±0,
    5
    %; 85,
    6
    ±0,
    5
    %;
    84
    ,
    7
    ±0,
    9
    %;
    82
    ,
    7
    ±
    3
    ,0%;
    84
    ,4±0,
    3
    %;
    84
    ,4±0,
    3
    %;
    84
    ,
    3
    ±0,4%, respectively. Generic
    3
    release and degradation were completely realized at pH 4.

    Conclusion

    Decreased gastric stability of Generic

    3
    and Generic4 makes PDGR and inhibited gastric acid secretion due to PPIs administration the potential causes of decreased enteric-coated acid-labile drugs stability.

  • Keishi Hata, Fuyuki Sugawara, Naganori Ohisa, Saori Takahashi, Kazuyuki Hori
    Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    2002年 25 巻 8 号 1040-1044
    発行日: 2002年
    公開日: 2002/08/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1
    . Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS),
    8
    boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1
    cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (
    22E
    ,24R)-ergosta-
    7
    ,
    22
    -diene-
    ,
    ,
    -triol (
    1
    ).
    1
    induced ALP activities of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1
    cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1
    cells by
    1
    , ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (
    3
    ), cholesta-
    ,
    ,
    -triol (4),
    7
    -dehydrocholesterol (
    5
    ) and cholecalciferol (
    6
    ) were tested. The enzyme activities of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1
    cells were increased
    3
    .0-fold by 10 μM
    1
    and 2.4-fold by 10 μM 4. However, 2,
    3
    ,
    5
    and
    6
    did not induce MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1
    cell ALP activity at 0.
    1
    —10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C-
    5
    and/or C-
    6
    of
    1
    and 4 played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1
    cells. Furthermore,
    1
    suppressed induction of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1
    cell apoptosis by serum starvation.
  • Philippe Biane
    Publications of the Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences
    1995年 31 巻 1 号 63-79
    発行日: 1995年
    公開日: 2009/04/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Grover Loening
    日本航空学会誌
    1963年 11 巻 119 号 373-380
    発行日: 1963年
    公開日: 2009/05/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Suguru TAKATSUTO, Kiyomi KOBAYASHI, Tsuyoshi WATANABE, Hiroki KURIYAMA, Tokuo FURUSE
    Agricultural and Biological Chemistry
    1988年 52 巻 12 号 3217-3218
    発行日: 1988年
    公開日: 2006/04/05
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 山口 昭彦
    日本中東学会年報
    1994年 9 巻 37-65
    発行日: 1994/03/31
    公開日: 2018/03/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    L'entree en Iran des armees britannique et sovietique s'est produite en aout 1941. Elle ebranla du coup le regime de la dynastie pahlavi qui etait au pouvoir depuis 16 ans, et mena le pays vers l'instabilite politique et le chaos social. La defaite de l'arme gouvernementale, qui etait le pivot du regime de Reza Shah, reduisit considerablement le controle du gouvernement central dans le pays. Cette situation politico-sociale confuse permit le developpement de differents mouvements politiques en Iran. C'est ainsi que le 16 aout 1942 le parti clandestin Komeley Jiyanewey Kurdistan (J-K) est ne a Mehabad, une ville au nord-ouest de l' Iran. Des sa formation, ce parti a su etendre sa sphere
    d'activite
    et, en une courte periode de temps, a fini par mettre sous son influence la ville et ses alentours. A la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, en ete 1945, le J-K etait devenu une organisation representant le mouvement nationaliste kurde en Iran. C'est a ce moment-la qu'un autre parti politique, le Hizbi Dimokratiki Kurdistan (HDK), fonde par Qazi Mihemed a Mehabad aussi, devait remplacer le J-K. Des le
    22
    janvier 1946, le HDK proclama l'instauration de la≪Republique de Kurdistan≫. Cependant, les troupes sovietiques qui avaient pris sous leur protection la Republique evacuerent les terres iraniennes, en mai 1946. Six mois plus tard, sous la pression militaire du gouvernement central iranien, la republique s'ecroula. Deux theories tentent
    d'expliquer
    le passage du J-K au HDK. William Eagleton Jr., par exemple, affirme dans The Kurdish Republic of 1946 que le HDK a ete cree sur le conseil des autorites sovietiques. L'ex-secretaire general du Parti Democratique du Kurdistan
    d'Iran
    , 'Ebd el-Rehman Qasimlu maintient par contre que Qazi Mihemed a etabli le nouveau parti de sa propre initiative, eu regard a la situation politique de cette epoque-la. Il considere que la passage du J-K au HDK comme etant l'evolution
    d'un
    parti nationaliste clandestin en un parti democratique. En analysant ces deux theories et en se basant sur les autobiographies des personages qui se sont engages dans cet evenement, cette etude tentera
    d'examiner
    le principe directeur et les activites du J-K et de mieux comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles le J-K devait etre remplace par le HDK. La conclusion generale portera sur les differents objectifs politiques du J-K et du HDK. Le J-K visait l'elevation du niveau culturel du peuple tout en luttant contre le tribalisme, qui etait, selon lui, le probleme majeur de≪la nation kurde≫, et cela en ecartant toute idee de revolte militaire. Le J-K a aussi exclu de son cadre les elites sociales telles que les leaders des tribus et dirigeants religieux de peur qu'ils n'excercent une influence sur les membres du parti. L'automne de 1944 fut le debut
    d'une
    nouvelle ere pour le mouvement kurde. Alors que l'espoir de l'autodetermination augmentait parmi le peuple a mesure que s'approchait la fin de la guerre, la necessite de la force militaire a commence a se faire sentir dans le J-K. C'est pour cela que s'est produite au sein du parti une tendance a compter sur l'aide militaire des sovietiques et a recourir au leadership de Qazi Mihemed, qui avait une certaine influence meme sur les leaders tribaux. Mais cette tendance etait essentiellement incompatible avec la ligne fondamentale du J-K et, graduellement, a prive ce parti de sa raison
    d'etre
    . Ainsi, le HDK se substitua au J-K en tant que≪parti democratique≫visant a rallier
    d'abord
    les elites sociales sous sa banniere, en s'appuyant sur l'autorite personnelle de Qazi Mihemed.
  • 榎 明潔, 八木 則男, 矢田部 龍一, 一本 英三郎
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1991年 31 巻 2 号 1-13
    発行日: 1991/06/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    It has been shown after mathematical and mechanical investigation that Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) can be considered as a method to obtain the necessary condition of Slip Line Method (SLM), and that the solution can be obtained under the condition that Fs=
    1
    and ∂Fs/∂θ=O, where Fs is the safety factor and θ is the inclination of the plane on which the safety factor is defined. Next, the generalized LEM (GLEM) is proposed, dealing with the following points : (
    1
    ) Triangular or quadrangular blocks can be treated; (2) Safety factors are defined also on interblock planes; and (
    3
    ) All types of plastic problems, slope stability, bearing capacity, and earth pressure are identically formulated. Two situations regarding treatment of the moment equilibrium condition are discussed. GLEM is applied to well-known problems. The results agree well with those obtained by theoretical methods. GLEM can be used to obtain the distribution of earth pressure or bearing capacity. GLEM, Iike ordinary LEM, is very effective for the practical problems, but GLEM is more theoretical and it can result in more accurate solutions.
  • 馬場 輝郎
    照明学会雑誌
    1968年 52 巻 3 号 107-111
    発行日: 1968/03/25
    公開日: 2011/07/19
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 川又 紀彦, 渡部 良平
    臨床血液
    2019年 60 巻 7 号 767-772
    発行日: 2019年
    公開日: 2019/08/06
    ジャーナル 認証あり

    BCR-ABL

    1
    International Scale(IS)測定はチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤で治療されている慢性骨髄性白血病(CML)患者の治療効果をモニターする上で重要な検査法である。稀ではあるが,BCR-ABL
    1
    IS測定ができないCMLが存在することが知られている。本研究において,我々は,そのようなBCR-ABL
    1
    IS測定のできないCML患者を経験し,分子生物学的な方法で,その原因を解明した。本例ではABL
    1
    遺伝子における切断点がa2エクソン内にあることが分かり,そのことがABL
    1
    のa2エクソンを欠いた
    e
    14a
    3
    b
    3
    a
    3
    )キメラ遺伝子のmRNAのみの発現を誘導していた。a2エクソンは本邦における検査部でのIS測定において重要な要素であり,これが欠損することが測定不能の原因であった。このようなIS測定ができない稀なCML症例をさらに集積して,その分子構造を解明することが待たれる。

  • W. TANG, G. MESRI, I. HALIM
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1992年 32 巻 4 号 107-116
    発行日: 1992/12/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    A method for analyzing the uncertainties involving the use of empirical relationships in design is developed. It is applied to evaluate the reliability of the relationship su(mobilized)=
    0.22σ'p
    (measured), whereby the pertinent uncertainties are analyzed using extensive laboratory and field observed data. On the average, the relationship su(mobilized)=
    0.22σ'p
    (measured) is unbiased and the error implicit in the relationship is about 15%. When cone values are used to infer s'p, additional uncertainties on the mobilized undrained strength will incur resulting mainly from the calibration uncertainty between σ'p and the cone values. Alternatively, vane tests may be performed to infer the mobilized strength using Bjerrum correction factor. Results show that uncertainty level associated with using the vane tests is smaller than that using the cone values, provided that similar scatter is observed between measured vane and cone values at a given site. However, prediction of the mobilized strength is even more accurate if direct measurements can be made on the preconsolidation pressure. The proposed probabilistic method also assesses the benefit of additional tests besides comparing the accuracy of using various soil parameters for predicting mobilized undrained strength. Such information is essential for planning cost-effective site characterization program.
  • ―St. Jude Medical valveの抗血栓性について―
    藤田 康雄, 林 純一, 山崎 芳彦, 江口 昭治, 大谷 信一
    人工臓器
    1988年 17 巻 3 号 1133-1136
    発行日: 1988/06/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    SJM弁の抗血栓性についてS-
    E
    ボール弁との比較検討を行った。S-
    E
    ボール弁で単弁置換をうけた132例と、SJM弁で単弁置換をうけた135例を対象とした。僧帽弁置換群の血栓塞栓症の発生頻度は、S-
    E
    非被覆弁2.14%/患者・年、S-
    E
    被覆弁
    1
    .
    82
    %/患者・年、SJM弁
    1
    .69%/患者・年であった。術後
    7
    年のThrombo-embolism Free RateはS-
    E
    非被覆弁で60.
    5
    ±
    7
    .
    5
    %、S-
    E
    被覆弁で
    83
    .
    9
    ±
    5
    .2%、SJM弁で92.4±
    3
    .
    1
    %であった。大動脈弁置換群の血栓塞栓症の発生頻度は、S-
    E
    非被覆弁
    1
    .36%/患者・年、S-
    E
    被覆弁、SJM弁では0であった。術後
    7
    年のThromboembolism Free RateはS-
    E
    非被覆弁75.
    6
    ±10.
    6
    %、S-
    E
    被覆弁80.0±10.
    3
    %、SJM弁96.
    7
    ±
    3
    .
    3
    %であった。SJM弁の抗血栓性はS-
    E
    非被覆弁に比し良好であったが、S-
    E
    被覆弁に比べ著しく向上したとはいえず、近年における血栓塞栓症の減少には厳重な抗凝固療法の施行も寄与していると考えられる。
  • M. L. GHOSH
    Journal of Physics of the Earth
    1972年 20 巻 2 号 165-186
    発行日: 1972年
    公開日: 2009/04/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.
  • JAN FAJKOS, Jiri Joska, Frantisek Sorm
    International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Products
    1964年 1964 巻 E-10-3
    発行日: 1964/04/12
    公開日: 2017/08/18
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
  • E. camaldulensis, E. globulus における容積重, および材形質含量の樹幹内変異と標準値を示す位置について
    小名 俊博, 園田 哲也, 伊藤 一弥, 柴田 勝
    紙パ技協誌
    1995年 49 巻 8 号 1227-1234
    発行日: 1995/08/01
    公開日: 2009/11/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    Within-tree variations, whole-tree values and the representative heights for the whole tree value of basic density, and contents of wood components per volume were analysed for two trees of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and
    E
    . globulus
    respectively, grown at the seed orchard in Western Australia to do quality breeding.
    Within-tree variation of
    E
    . camaldulensis
    was rather uniform as 500±40, 532 ±34 kg/
    m3
    , but that of
    E
    . globulus
    was large as 595 ± 69, 616 ± 79 kg/
    m3
    and the basic density was higher in bark side and upper part in the trunk, to be expected to have higher pulp productivity.
    The whole-tree values of
    E
    . camaldulensis
    were 501, 520 kg/
    m3
    and those of
    E
    . globulus
    were 594, 640 kg/
    m3
    and the difference of the species was observed.
    Representative heights for the whole-tree contents ±
    5
    % were 0.32.
    8
    m on
    E
    . camaldulensis
    , and 0.
    8
    and 2.
    8
    m on
    E
    . globulus
    regardless the differences in the whole-tree height and the within-tree variation when they were chosen below
    3
    .
    3
    m height for sampling an increment core.
    Representative heights were also determined for contents of wood components per volume as follows ; for
    E
    . camaldulensis
    , holocellulose :
    1
    .
    3
    , 2.
    8
    m, cellulose : 2.
    83
    .
    3
    m, hemicellulose : 0.
    82
    .
    8
    m, lignin : 0.81.
    3
    , 2.
    8
    m, extractives : 2.
    3
    m, alkali-extractives :
    1
    .
    3
    m, and total-extractives : 2.32.
    8
    m, for
    E
    . globulus
    , 2.
    8
    m, 2.32.
    8
    m, 2.
    8
    m, 0.30.
    8
    m, 2.
    83
    .
    3
    m, 2.
    83
    .
    3
    m and 2.
    8
    m in the same manner.
    It is expected that whole-tree pulp properties including pulp productivity are predicted by the increment core taken from these representative heights.
  • 山本 雅史, Abkenar Asad Asadi, 松本 亮司, 根角 博久, 吉田 俊雄, 國賀 武, 久保 達也, 冨永 茂人
    園芸学会雑誌
    2007年 76 巻 1 号 36-40
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2007/03/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    カンキツ主要12種を用いて染色体のクロモマイシン
    A3
    (CMA) 染色を行った.染色体は CMA(+) バンドの有無および位置から
    7
    種類に区分できた.すなわち,CMA(+) を A: 両端および動原体近傍に有する,
    B
    : 一方の端部と動原体近傍に有する,C: 両端に有する,
    D
    : 一方の端部に有する,
    E
    : CMA(+) がない,
    F
    : 動原体近傍に有する,Dst: 付随染色体を有する
    D
    型,である.各種はこれらのうち 2~
    6
    種類の染色体を有し,独自の CMA バンドパターンを示した.C. medica では 2
    B
    +
    8
    D
    +
    8
    E
    C. limon では
    1
    B
    +
    1
    C +
    8
    D
    +
    8
    E
    C. aurantifolia では 2
    B
    +
    9
    D
    +
    7
    E
    C. aurantium では
    1
    A +
    1
    B
    +
    1
    C +
    7
    D
    +
    8
    E
    C. sinensis では 2
    B
    + 2C +
    7
    D
    +
    7
    E
    C. maxima では
    3
    A +
    3
    C + 4
    D
    +
    8
    E
    C. paradisi では 2A +
    3
    C +
    6
    D
    +
    7
    E
    C. ichangensis では 2
    B
    + 2C + 12
    D
    + 2
    E
    C. latipes では 2A +
    5
    C +
    8
    D
    +
    3
    E
    C. micrantha では
    1
    B
    + 11
    D
    + 4
    E
    + 2Dst,C. macroptera では 2
    B
    +
    1
    C + 11
    D
    +
    3
    E
    +
    1
    F
    C. hystrix では
    3
    B
    +
    1
    C +
    8
    D
    +
    3
    E
    + 2
    F
    +
    1
    Dst であった.
  • M. K. Banerjee, P. S. Banerjee, S. Datta
    ISIJ International
    2001年 41 巻 3 号 257-261
    発行日: 2001/03/15
    公開日: 2007/05/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    A boron treated copper bearing HSLA steel containing austenite formers like manganese and nickel, somewhat lower in amount than that in HSLA 100 variety of steel is chosen for the study. The role of thermomechanical processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the above steel has been investigated. Differential scanning calorimetric study is carried out for understanding the precipitation behaviour of copper in HSLA steel under the influence of boron. The microstructure of the experimental steel is found to consist of laths of martensites and bainite. MA constituents of ribbon like morphology are observed at the lath boundaries. Higher strength properties of the steel are attributed to the presence of finely distributed precipitates of copper and microalloy carbides.
  • 浅岡 顕, 小高 猛司
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1992年 32 巻 3 号 117-129
    発行日: 1992/09/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Failure problems of saturated soils are classified in the present study into the following four types : Type I : The failure of loose and/or normally consolidated soils under fully drained loading conditions. Type II : The same soils but under perfectly undrained conditions. Type III : The failure of dense and/or overconsolidated soils under fully drained conditions. Type IV : The same soils but under perfectly undrained conditions. The soil-water coupling limiting equilibrium analysis on the basis of the critical state concept is shown possible to draw a distinction between type I, II and IV problems, and the limitations of the analysis procedure happen in solving the type problem in the above. This is demonstrated experimentally, in which seepage failure experiments in laboratory with the use of a saturated silty sand are employed to make distinctions clearly between the four types of failure problems. The definite distinctions both in failure load and failure mode appeared in the four types of experiments are summarized as follows : (
    1
    ) the smallest failure load in loose sand in the undrained condition, (2) the largest failure load with the largest failure region in dense sand under undrained loading, (
    3
    ) the observation of no global deformation before failure within the soil under the fully drained condition that suggests the development of very localized shear deformation in the sand. Three out of four experiments are described well by the limit analysis computation mentioned above as far as the failure load and the shape and the size of the failure region after boiling failure are concerned, and thus the type III problem is identified to be the problem that should be solved by any other means in near future.
  • H. K. Mahanty
    CYTOLOGIA
    1970年 35 巻 1 号 13-49
    発行日: 1970/03/25
    公開日: 2009/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    1
    . The chromosome numbers of 64 species have been studied on which 56 are investigated for the first time.
    2. Morphological, anatomical and cytological findings on the Musaceae in the broad sense are considered from a phylogenetical standpoint and three distinct groups:
    a) Musa-Ensete,
    b
    ) Ravenala-Strelitzia-Phenakospermum and c) Holiconia are recognised as suggested by some authors. For these groups sub-familial status is proposed.
    3
    . Lowiaceae have been studied for the first time cytologically and their chromosome morphology, distinct from that of any other group of Zingiberales, confirms their claim to familial status.
    4. Consideration of the conflicting theories proposed to account for the higher chromosome number in genera like Globba, Alpinia, and Phaemeria, etc. leads to rejection of Chakravorti's hypothesis of wholesale fragmentation of chromosomes and the acceptance of the opposed view of Raghavan and Venkatasubban and others.
    5
    . Holttum's transference of the genus Zingiber to the tribe Hedychieae has been given cytological support on the following points:
    a) the basic number in the genus Zingiber correlates with that of Kaempferia.
    b
    ) the new tribe Alpinieae (which is infact Zingibereae without Zingiber) have consistently 48 chromosomes in their somatic complements.
    6
    . It is suggested that the African representatives of Kaempferia should be given the status of genus; Cienkowskya on the following points:
    a) the difference in floral morphology
    b
    ) geographical separateness and
    c) the difference in the number and morphology of the chromosomes. By comparing the present and past findings, various lines of evolution of the chromosome complements within each group are discussed.
    7
    . The basic number 11 is considered to be probably the original one for the Zingiberales as a whole, being present in Ravenala which is the most primitive member in the order. From this secondary basic numbers have arisen through evolution.
  • 琴尾 幸徳, 石川 成実, 田辺 順子, 御園 生尭久
    日本化学会誌(化学と工業化学)
    1980年 1980 巻 9 号 1391-1396
    発行日: 1980/09/10
    公開日: 2011/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Nアルキル
    3
    ,4:
    9
    ,10-ペリレンテトラカルボン酸モノアンヒドリド=モノイミド[4a~
    e
    ]と芳香族アミン(アニリン,p-トルイジン,p-アニシジン,
    3
    ,
    5
    -キシリジン,4-アミノナゾベンゼン,およびo-フェニレンジアミン)を縮合して非対称型
    3
    ,4:
    9
    ,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)誘導体-N-アルキル-N'-アリール-
    3
    ,4:
    9
    ,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)(〔
    5
    a~
    e
    〕,〔
    6
    a~
    e
    〕,〔
    7
    a~
    e
    〕,〔
    8
    a~
    e
    〕,〔
    9
    a~
    e
    〕,および〔10a~
    b
    〕)を合成した. これらの各誘導体はすべて赤色系の色相を示し, 顔料試験の結果N-ブチル-N'-アリール-
    3
    ,4:
    9
    ,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)(たとえば〔
    5
    e
    〕や〔
    6
    e
    〕)がとくにすぐれた耐光性を示した.
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