ラットに

3H

-CU-

83

(S)を25μg/kgで静脈内あるいは経口投与し，血液中濃度および尿糞中排泄を検討した．
静脈内投与後の血液中濃度推移は投与後5分より上昇し，投与後45分に25.74ng eq./mlのC_maxを示し，それ以後t_1/2

3

.05時間とt_1/2 33.09時間の二相で減少した．投与後72時間までのAUCは135.42ng eq.·hr/mlであった．
経口投与では，投与後

3

時間でC_max

4

.10ng eq./mlに達し，以後t_1/2α

4

.46時間とt_1/2β 26.

83

時間の二相で減少した．投与後72時間までのAUCは48.62ng eq.·hr/mlであった．
静脈内投与と経口投与のいずれの場合も，尿および糞中への放射能の排泄は，投与後48時間でほぼ終了した．静脈内投与では，投与後72時間までに投与量の30.52%が尿中に，60.42%が糞中に排泄された．経口投与では，同じく72時間までに40.34%が尿中に，69.24%が糞中に排泄された．

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The acetone extracts from three samples of the hepatopancreas of the poisonous scallops obtained on the Okhotsk Coast of Hokkaido Island were fractionated into two parts, hexane soluble fraction (fraction H) and 85% aqueous ethanol soluble fraction (fraction ) by partition to two layers. The majortoxic components in the mouse assay of “diarrheic shellfish toxin” by intra-peritoneal injection were found to be free unsaturated fatty acids showed the following toxicity in MU per g, 18:1 n-9 35, 18:2 n-6 , 18: n- 167, 18: n- , 20:5 n- 167, and :6 n- , respectively. Toxicity of the fraction Hin MUper g was much lower than that of the fraction . However, the toxicity of the fraction H per 1 g of the hepatopancreas was about twice that of the fraction , since the fraction Hwas much more abundant than the fraction in the hepatopancreas. The method for the assay of the diarrhetic shellfish toxin must be reexamined by considering the toxic effect of the free unsaturated fatty acids.

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The numerical values of the intervals betrween optieal levels are competed for the configurations *⁹4s, 5s, 6s and 7s of Cu⁺, according to the general expression of energy-levels derived in the previous paper The self-consistent field radial functions computed by Hartree adn Hartree are used for1s, 2s, 2p, s, p and d. Those of s, 5s, .s and are ealenlated from Hartree Hartree's core-functions by the numerical integrations. The calculated results are shown in Table I.The agreement with experiment is satisfactory

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The EISCAT Svalbard Radar (ESR) has been used to obtain ion velocities in the lower thermosphere. By using beam swinging and assuming homogeneity and stationarity of the plasma, first approximations to the electric field have been deduced, and thus the thermospheric neutral wind has been estimated. From these derived parameters, we have estimated the gradient Richardson Number. Although many assumptions must be made, there is an indication that electrodynamics is able to contribute to enhancement or even production of neutral-air turbulence in the lower thermosphere. Finally, we outline a proposal for an analogy to the Reynolds Number, but reflecting the relative importance's of the contribution of ion-drag to the neutral dynamics and the kinematic viscosity.

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Vitamin is localized in membranes and functions as an efficient inhibitor of lipid peroxidation in biological systems. In this study, we measured the second-order rate constants (k_s) for the reaction of tocotrienol homologues (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-Toc-Hs) with the aroxyl radical (ArO•) used as a model for lipid peroxyl radicals (LOO•) in the membranes of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EYPC) vesicles by stopped-flow spectrophotometry, and compared them to those of tocopherol homologues (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-TocHs). The relative rate constants of Toc-H homologues to α-Toc-H in membranes (α/β/γ/δ=100/.7/63.2/20.2) were not much different to those of TocH homologues to α-TocH (α/β/γ/δ=100/././17.). Each k_s value of Toc-H homologues in membranes was 60-80% of that of the corresponding TocH homologues except for the almost identical k_s values of δ-homologues, but there was no difference in EtOH solution between each k_s value of the corresponding homologues of Toc-H and TocH. These results indicate that the difference of the alkyl-side chain structure of vitamin causes a change in the mobility of vitamin molecules and/or the location of their antioxidant OH-groups in membranes, resulting in lowered radical-trapping rates of Toc-Hs. By use of the ratio of the k_inh value of α-TocH with LOO• (.20×10⁶ M⁻¹s⁻¹) to the k_s value of α-TocH with ArO• (.05×10⁴ M⁻¹s⁻¹) in chlorobenzene (that is, 39.), the k_inh value for the reaction of α-TocH with LOO• in membrane was estimated to be 1.03×10⁵ M⁻¹s⁻¹.

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The percentages of germination of seeds, dyad cells, good pollen grains and the fcrtility of piants obtained by crossing between varieties of Abel. esculerdu's and I variety of Abel. Manihot wcre different with the varieties of the mother plant, ranging ca.2.7%-.%, ca. .7 %-99.%, ca. 28.9%-90.% and ca. 0.00-0. per pod respectively. The strains showing the good percentage in the gerrnination of seeds were also superior in the other characters, while those tnat werepoor in the germination were also inferior in the other characters.

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A total of 176

E

. coli isolates were retrieved from 203 diarrheic fecal samples collected from Korean cattle on 117 different farms. The most frequently observed resistance in

E

. coli isolates was to tetracycline (.6%), followed by streptomycin (80.7%) and ampicillin (64.%). Resistance to cefazolin, cefoperazone, cefepime and amikacin was very low. Of the 176

E

. coli strains, forty (.7%) isolates from 30 farms showed resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQ). All the FQ-resistant strains possessed double mutations at codons and 87 in the gyrA gene, and a single mutation mostly at codon 80 in the parC gene, except in one isolate. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of the FQ-resistant

E

. coli isolates were heterogeneous, but two or three isolates that showed an identical pattern originated from the same or different farms. This study demonstrates that FQ resistance is frequently observed in

E

. coli from diarrheic cattle and that mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region are the same as those seen in

E

. coli originating from other animal species and humans. The FQ resistance in diarrheic cattle might have been mostly acquired independently, although the possibility of transmission of FQ-resistant

E

. coli within a farm or between farms is plausible.

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性周期における牛の末梢血中遊離estrogen測定にITTRICH螢光法を応用して次の成績を得た。
Ittrich colorの最大波長をspectrofluorometer Hitachi MPF-2AおよびType203で測定した結果,励起光538nm,螢光552.5nmであった。この螢光特性は, およびにそれぞれ共通であった。実際の測定では最大波長が接近しているので感度は若干低下するが510~520nmで励起し•螢光側552•5±•5nmを読み,ALLENの補正を行なった。この条件において,および-methyletherの最少検出量は1ngであった。回収率補正の目的で加えた6,7-

3H

-

E₂

-17βの全過程における回収率は平均60.

3

±11.7%であった。正常性周期を示す黒毛和種2頭の頸静脈血についてestrogenを分画測定した。その結果,両牛共

E₁

,

E₂

の各消長型は性周期の全期間を通じてほぼ同じ傾向を示したが,

E₂

は

E₁

にくらべ全般に高値であった。また

E₃

は検出されなかった。これらの牛のtotalestrogenは発情前期に増加し,排卵前に鋭いピーク(35.

3

および

99.8ng

/l;

E₁5.9

および16.0ng/l,

E₂29.4

および

83.8ng

/l)を形成し,排卵後は急激に減少して最低値(

3

.

8

~

5.3ng

/l;

E₁1.6

および1.9ng/l,

E₂2.2

および

3.4ng

/l)を示した。黄体期の最高値(10.1および27.0ng/l;

E₁2.4

および

3.4ng

/l,

E₂7.7

および23.6ng/l)は排卵後6~

8

日に認めた。すなわちestrogenの血中濃度は性周期の間に2つのピークを形成することを認めた。

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Mace- extract obtained from seed covering of nutmeg is expected to show an antiarteriosclerotic effect due to its potentiation with unsaturated fatty acid, various vitamins, etc. In this study an effect of Mace- was examined from serum lipid and six constituents of thoracic aorta.
A total of 16 male rabbits of 38 months, including with the Mcce- (M group), with cholesterol (C group) and with Mace- plus cholesterol (MC group) were used. to produce arterosclerosis cholesterol was orally given at 1g to the C and MC group. To the M and MC groups Mace- was given at 500mg/day. Sixteen weeks later referring to all the rabbits, total cholesterol (T. CHO), triglyceride (TRIG), β-lipoprotein (β-LIPO), HDL-cholesterol (HDL), in total of serum lipids, were measured. Furthermore, all the rabbits were killed and constituents media of thoracic aorta were stained and observed histochemically, i. ., SMC with Azocarmine G stain, EL with Weigert's stain, CL with Van Gieson's stain, AMPS with Alcian blue stain and GP with PAS stain. T. CHO was 90.5mg/dl in M group, 369.mg/dl in C group and 81.mg/dl in MC group respectively. The MC group showed no difference with M group but the significantly lower value than that of C group (p<0.01). TRIG was 108.5mg/dl in M group, .mg/dl in C group and 94.mg/dl in MC group respectively. No significant difference was observed among these groups. Beta-LIPO was 184.mg/dl in M group, 995.mg/dl in C group and 151.5mg/dl in MC group respectively. Compared with C group, M and MC groups showed significantly low value (p<0.001-p<0.01). HDL was 18.9mg/dl in M group, .mg/dl in C group and 26.5mg/dl in MC group respectively. There was no significant difference among those group, although it was highest in MC group. When histochemically observed, C group was strongly disturbed, while MC group showed slight swelling of SMC and cell nucleus that was not remarkable though, and damage of EL and CL was minimal. AMPS and GP remained unchanged. From changes of serum lipid and observation of arterial tissue, it was suggested that Mace- has an antisclerotic effect.

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We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MCT-1. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MCT-1 cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (,24R)-ergosta-7,-diene-,5α,6β-triol (1). 1 induced ALP activities of MCT-1 cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MCT-1 cells by 1, ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (), cholesta-,5α,6β-triol (), 7-dehydrocholesterol (5) and cholecalciferol (6) were tested. The enzyme activities of MCT-1 cells were increased .0-fold by 10 μM 1 and 2.-fold by 10 μM . However, 2, , 5 and 6 did not induce MCT-1 cell ALP activity at 0.1—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C-5 and/or C-6 of 1 and played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MCT-1 cells. Furthermore, 1 suppressed induction of MCT-1 cell apoptosis by serum starvation.

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Blood sugar contents of three hundred and thirty blood specimens were determined by six different analytical methods, i.., the glucose-oxidase method (G), the autoanalyser method with Hoffman's method (A), the Somogyi-Nelson method (S), the o-toluidine method (T), the Momose's method (M) and the Hage-dorn-Jensen method (H). The values determined by micromethods of Hagedorn-Jensen, of Momose and of Somogyi-Nelson are usually higher, and the values obtained by o-toluidine method are mostly lower than those estimated by the glucose-oxidase method. The values determined by the autoanalyser method are most consistent with those of the glucose-oxidase method among the five analytical methods. With the values of six series, the regression equations were obtained as following: A=0.86 G + 13, S=0.90 G + 34, T=0.76 G + , M=0.98 G + 28, H=0.85 G + 40, S=1.02 A + 23, T=0. A-, M=1.10 A + 17, H=0.98 A + 26, T=0.75 S-7, M=0.99 S+, H=0. +23, M=1. T+24, H=0.78 M+26.

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本検討は, 経皮的冠動脈形成術 (PCI) 後の翌日血液透析 (HD) 時における透析中低血圧 (IDH) の発生因子について検討した. 対象は待機的PCI後, 翌日HDを施行した慢性HD患者連続

名 (年齢70±7歳, 男性64名). IDHの定義は, 収縮期血圧20mmHg以上の低下で, 症状を伴いかつHD中断を要したものとした. また, HD記録よりIDHを後方視的に調査し, Logistic回帰分析にてIDHの予測因子を検討した. IDH群 (12名) は非IDH群 (71名) に比して, 有意に低体重 (52.0±. vs. 62.9±1.5kg; p=0.007), 造影剤量/体重が多く (2.5±0. vs. 1.±0.1mL/kg; p=0.018), 低左室駆出率で (45.±.2 vs. 56.0±1.% ; p=0.030), /’ が高値 (.9±. vs. 17.2±0.9cm/sec; p=0.038) であった. また, 冠動脈病変や侵襲的な治療について有意差は認めなかった. Logistic回帰分析では, 造影剤量/体重 (OR, 6.87; 95%CI, 1.-25.; p=0.004) がIDHの有意な予測因子であった. 造影剤使用量が多い症例は, IDHを生じる危険性が高いことが示唆された.

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Background

The differences in conditions of enteric-coated acid-labile drug release and absorption between healthy subjects in bioequivalence studies and gastrointestinal patients in clinical practice can lead to significant differences in gastric stability of original PPIs and generics. Thus, pathologic duodenogastric reflux (PDGR) and the pH increasing within PPIs administration still remain unaccounted for.

Methods

Two-stage modified comparative dissolution testing of original omeprazole (OO) and four generics (G1;2;

;) was performed. At first, we moved drugs from solution with pH 1.2 (1.2±0.05) to pH 7.0 (7.0±0.05) and measure concentration of omeprazole in solution by high-performance liquid chromatography. According to our self-developed formula, pH 7 exposure time of resistance to PDGR for omeprazole is minutes, i.. the active substance should not be released within minutes at pH 7. The exposure at the second stage was conducted with pH (.0±0.05), that imitated gastric pH after PPI administration. And then we also moved drugs to pH 7 with the subsequent measurement of omeprazole concentration.

Results

Omeprazole concentrations after

, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 minutes in pH 7 solution at the first stage were different for OO and generics. For OO, these values were ,7±0,7%; 41,±,0%; 62,±,0%; 79,5±2,9%; ,5±2,9%; 81,6±2,9%; 80,6±,%; for Generic1 - 0; 49,±9,9%; , ±2,%; 90,±,7%; , 2±2,2%; 87,±2,0%; 85,9±1,1%; for Generic2 - 0; 30,6±6,%; 66,7±,2%; 76,±7,%; 82,±5,%; 86,0±,7%; 84,6±,%: for Generic - 80,±,6%; ,5±1,9%; , ±,2%; ,±2,7%; 81,9±2,1%; 82,1±2,0%; 82,0±2,%; for Generic - 82,5±1,7%; 84,±0,%; 84,2±1,2%; 82, 9±0,9%; 82,9±0,9%; 82,9±0,9%; 82,±1,1%, respectively.

An analysis of the omeprazole concentration in pH 7 solution at the second stage revealed the following parameters after the same time: for OO -

,±0,6%; 40, 5±,0%; 62,±2,0%; 80,0±,1%; 85,±2,9%; 82,±,%; 80,9±,5%; for Generic1 - 0; 67,0±7,%; 89,7±2,%; 91, 9±,%; 89,1±1,6%; ,±1,%; 87,±1,2%; for Generic2 - 0; 42,2±5,6%; 75,1±7,%; 81,0±6,0%; ,±,2%; , 6±1,%; 87,9±1,0%; for Generic - 85,5±0,5%; 85,6±0,5%; 84,7±0,9%; 82,7±,0%; 84,±0,%; 84,±0,%; 84,±0,%, respectively. Generic release and degradation were completely realized at pH .

Conclusion

Decreased gastric stability of Generic

and Generic makes PDGR and inhibited gastric acid secretion due to PPIs administration the potential causes of decreased enteric-coated acid-labile drugs stability.

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The high-power reconnection heating of spherical tokamak (ST) has been studied in the TS- experiment by use of axial merging of two STs. In this method, the merging/ magnetic reconnection transformed a part of magnetic energy of merging STs into their thermal energy within short reconnection time. Our present low-field merging (0.-0.5kG, R-0.2m) attained the maximum heating power of -10MW and increased the beta-values of STs by factor 2- transiently. The ion heating energy was found to increase inversely with the q-value (B_t component) of two STs. The most probable cause for this dependence is fast reconnection speed/ outflow speed due to large anomalous resistivity of current sheet in low-q state. After merging startup, decrease in beta was observed especially in low-q STs, indicating that the final beta value of ST increased with the q-value.

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