The numerical values of the intervals betrween optieal levels are competed for the configurations *

94s

, 5s, 6s and 7s of Cu⁺, according to the general expression of energy-levels derived in the previous paper The self-consistent field radial functions computed by Hartree adn Hartree are used for1s, 2s, 2p,

3

s,

3

p and

3

d. Those of 4s, 5s,

e

.s and are ealenlated from Hartree Hartree's core-functions by the numerical integrations. The calculated results are shown in Table I.The agreement with experiment is satisfactory

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We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MCT-1. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 8 boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MCT-1 cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (,24R)-ergosta-7,-diene-,5α,6β-triol (1). 1 induced ALP activities of MCT-1 cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MCT-1 cells by 1, ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (), cholesta-,5α,6β-triol (4), 7-dehydrocholesterol (5) and cholecalciferol (6) were tested. The enzyme activities of MCT-1 cells were increased .0-fold by 10 μM 1 and 2.4-fold by 10 μM 4. However, 2, , 5 and 6 did not induce MCT-1 cell ALP activity at 0.1—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C-5 and/or C-6 of 1 and 4 played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MCT-1 cells. Furthermore, 1 suppressed induction of MCT-1 cell apoptosis by serum starvation.

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Chemical synthesis of (, 24R)- and (, 24S)-1, 24-dihydroxy--vitamin has been achieved starting with the commercially available dinorcholenic acid acetate. Synthesis involved introduction of the 1-hydroxy group by a reduction of the 1, 2-epoxide generated by epoxidation of the 1, 4, 6-trien--one. The side chain on the steroid was then constructed by means of a Wittig reaction followed by introduction of the Δ⁷ bond by standard methods and its protection with 1-phenyl-1, 2, 4-triazoline-, 5-dione. Subsequent reduction of the hydroxy groups in the steroid side chain followed by reduction of the Diels-Alder addition products yielded the both 24-isomers. The 5, 7-dienes were irradiated and the corresponding vitamin D compounds isolated. Nuclear magnetic resonance was used to identify individual isomers. The (, 24S)-1, 24-hydroxyvitamin compound bound equally well to the chick intestinal cytosol receptor as 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin , while the 24R-isomer was approximately ten times less active. In vivo, both isomers were less active than 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin ; however, the 24S-isomer was considerably more active than the 24R-isomer approaching the activity of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin .

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In the first part of the present work the interaction of glycophorin with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) is studied by freeze fracture electron microscopy, densitometry, calorimetry, and 90° static light scattering. An exothermic lipid/protein interaction energy of W_P=190 kJ•mol^-1 was found by application of the well known Van Laar relation for the displacement of the freezing point and the Gibbs-Duhem relationship. Secondly, the effects of Ca²⁺ on the lipid/protein interaction were studied. Following Ca²⁺ addition a remarkable decoupling of the interaction of the glycophorin head group with the bilayer surface was revealed by densitometry and gold-labeling electron microscopy. It is estimated that about 80% of lipid once disturbed by the adsorption of glycophorin head groups is decoupled after addition of Ca²⁺. Thirdly, the selective interaction of glycophorin with binary lipid mixtures was studied, including the mixtures of DMPC with dimyristoylphosphatidylserine (DMPS) and dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC), and the mixture of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) with DLPC.

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Two new vitamin analogues, 1α-hydroxy-24, 24-dimethyl--dehydrovitamin (13) and 1α, 25-dihydroxy-24, 24-dimethyl--dehydrovitamin (17), which are blocked for 24-hydroxylation by the methyl groups, were synthesized from 1α, -bismethoxymethoxypregn-5-ene-20Scarbaldehyde (6) by using the orthoester Claisen rearrangement for construction of the carbon skeleton of their side chains. These compounds (13 and 17) elicited a rise in serum calcium, but not in serum inorganic phosphorus in rats. In a bioassay for alkaline phosphatase, they were found to show much weaker activity than 1α-hydroxy vitamin (5).

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Four new cyclopropyl-triterpenes, 27-nor--hydroxy-25-oxocycloartane (1), ()-25, 26, 27-trinor--hydroxycycloart--en-24-al (2), -acetoxy-15α-hydroxy-13, 27-cyclours-11-ene (), -acetoxy-12α-formyloxy-13, 27-cycloursan-11α-ol (4), together with (23)-27-nor--hydroxycycloart-23-en-25-one (5) were isolated from the aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa. Compounds and 4 are rare 13, 27-cycloursane-type triterpenes. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods.

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Complete set of solutions for the Calogero-Sutherland-Moser model is obtained exactly. The eigenfunctions are given by the homogeneous Laurent polynomials.

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L'entree en Iran des armees britannique et sovietique s'est produite en aout 1941. Elle ebranla du coup le regime de la dynastie pahlavi qui etait au pouvoir depuis 16 ans, et mena le pays vers l'instabilite politique et le chaos social. La defaite de l'arme gouvernementale, qui etait le pivot du regime de Reza Shah, reduisit considerablement le controle du gouvernement central dans le pays. Cette situation politico-sociale confuse permit le developpement de differents mouvements politiques en Iran. C'est ainsi que le 16 aout 1942 le parti clandestin Komeley Jiyanewey Kurdistan (J-K) est ne a Mehabad, une ville au nord-ouest de l' Iran. Des sa formation, ce parti a su etendre sa sphere d'activite et, en une courte periode de temps, a fini par mettre sous son influence la ville et ses alentours. A la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, en ete 1945, le J-K etait devenu une organisation representant le mouvement nationaliste kurde en Iran. C'est a ce moment-la qu'un autre parti politique, le Hizbi Dimokratiki Kurdistan (HDK), fonde par Qazi Mihemed a Mehabad aussi, devait remplacer le J-K. Des le janvier 1946, le HDK proclama l'instauration de la≪Republique de Kurdistan≫. Cependant, les troupes sovietiques qui avaient pris sous leur protection la Republique evacuerent les terres iraniennes, en mai 1946. Six mois plus tard, sous la pression militaire du gouvernement central iranien, la republique s'ecroula. Deux theories tentent d'expliquer le passage du J-K au HDK. William Eagleton Jr., par exemple, affirme dans The Kurdish Republic of 1946 que le HDK a ete cree sur le conseil des autorites sovietiques. L'ex-secretaire general du Parti Democratique du Kurdistan d'Iran, 'Ebd el-Rehman Qasimlu maintient par contre que Qazi Mihemed a etabli le nouveau parti de sa propre initiative, eu regard a la situation politique de cette epoque-la. Il considere que la passage du J-K au HDK comme etant l'evolution d'un parti nationaliste clandestin en un parti democratique. En analysant ces deux theories et en se basant sur les autobiographies des personages qui se sont engages dans cet evenement, cette etude tentera d'examiner le principe directeur et les activites du J-K et de mieux comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles le J-K devait etre remplace par le HDK. La conclusion generale portera sur les differents objectifs politiques du J-K et du HDK. Le J-K visait l'elevation du niveau culturel du peuple tout en luttant contre le tribalisme, qui etait, selon lui, le probleme majeur de≪la nation kurde≫, et cela en ecartant toute idee de revolte militaire. Le J-K a aussi exclu de son cadre les elites sociales telles que les leaders des tribus et dirigeants religieux de peur qu'ils n'excercent une influence sur les membres du parti. L'automne de 1944 fut le debut d'une nouvelle ere pour le mouvement kurde. Alors que l'espoir de l'autodetermination augmentait parmi le peuple a mesure que s'approchait la fin de la guerre, la necessite de la force militaire a commence a se faire sentir dans le J-K. C'est pour cela que s'est produite au sein du parti une tendance a compter sur l'aide militaire des sovietiques et a recourir au leadership de Qazi Mihemed, qui avait une certaine influence meme sur les leaders tribaux. Mais cette tendance etait essentiellement incompatible avec la ligne fondamentale du J-K et, graduellement, a prive ce parti de sa raison d'etre. Ainsi, le HDK se substitua au J-K en tant que≪parti democratique≫visant a rallier d'abord les elites sociales sous sa banniere, en s'appuyant sur l'autorite personnelle de Qazi Mihemed.

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A new glucuronide, (R)-, 16β, , 26-tetrahydroxycholest-5-ene -O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-gluc-uronopyranoside (1), was isolated from the aerial parts of Chinese Solanum lyratum THUNB. The structure of this new steroidal glucuronide was deduced by spectroscopic means and the identity of its aglycone was substantiated by comparison with an authentic sample derived from diosgenin acetate.

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The acetone extracts from three samples of the hepatopancreas of the poisonous scallops obtained on the Okhotsk Coast of Hokkaido Island were fractionated into two parts, hexane soluble fraction (fraction H) and 85% aqueous ethanol soluble fraction (fraction ) by partition to two layers. The majortoxic components in the mouse assay of “diarrheic shellfish toxin” by intra-peritoneal injection were found to be free unsaturated fatty acids showed the following toxicity in MU per g, 18:1 n-9 35, 18:2 n-6 , 18: n- 167, 18:4 n- , 20:5 n- 167, and :6 n- , respectively. Toxicity of the fraction Hin MUper g was much lower than that of the fraction . However, the toxicity of the fraction H per 1 g of the hepatopancreas was about twice that of the fraction , since the fraction Hwas much more abundant than the fraction in the hepatopancreas. The method for the assay of the diarrhetic shellfish toxin must be reexamined by considering the toxic effect of the free unsaturated fatty acids.

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In this paper, as an indicator of designing of the equestrian jacket or coat, the exterior lateral view of the superior human body during representative riding positions including on the static horseback model with saddle were analysed by the film researching accompanied the dermagraph method and the fuse method. The selected subject was a Japanese adult woman of normal body size with riding experience. And, comparative study was made of the same posture and actions on the dressage saddle·racing saddle·side-saddle, and furthermore, standing on the floor and sitting on a stool. As a result, it was found that basically riding styles on the dressage saddle resembled the various standing positions and it was easy to assume including a natural lumbar lordosis but, in the forward seat position, degree of the lumbar lordosis decreased. Similarly, the positions in the racing saddle resembled that of sitting on a stool, and in the side-saddle the state between standing and sitting styles. Thus, it was ascertained that in designing equestrian costume, it was suggested that strong demands be made respectively for a follow-up mechanism to the extension of upper limbs and dorsal region for the jockey seat, furthermore for adaptation to the smoothly coping with the return to halt position for the jumping, and the adaptation to the gentle shape of the vertebral curve and right and left asymmetry shape for the side-saddle position, and the adaptation to the extension of the vertebral column (lordosis of the lumbar spine), the holding of forward lifting of the thorax and the refraining from excessive movement of the shoulder girdle for the dressage.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in cold/warm thresholds of women with advancing age. Tamura et al. have developed a new device for measuring the cold/warm thresholds as a method of evaluating sensitivity of the human skin. By using the device, changes in the cold/warm thresholds in adult women were investigated. Sixty-eight healthy female subjects aged 20 to 88 years old wearing only under pants and brassiere lay in a supine position on a saran bed and their cold/warm thresholds were measured over 26 body regions under the condition of 28°C ambient temperature and 50%RH. The results showed that the cold/warm thresholds of the leg, foot and sole were large and those of the forehead, cheek, chin and palm were small for each generation. The cold/warm thresholds for the elderly women were larger than those for young women. In particular, the threshold of the leg was significantly larger for the elderly women than it was for the young women, and it increased with advancing age. The cold/warm thresholds of the leg, foot, and sole were found to be obviously age-dependent. The cold/warm threshold values of the trunk were between those of the face and lower extremities, with the exception of the anterior shoulder. As a result of principal component analysis, the first component was interpreted as a size factor which explained the intensity of the cold/warm threshold sensitivity of the whole body. The value of the first component of each subject increased with age in the 60's to the 80's. The second component obtained from the cold/warm thresholds analysis was interpreted as a factor which explained the contrast between the sensitivity of the anterior shoulder and chest, and buttock and foot for the cold sensation and the contrast between the sensitivity of the posterior leg and sole, and buttock and anterior neck for the warm sensation.

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In mice, a minimum number of healthy embryos is required to trigger and maintain pregnancy. Therefore, when recovering mouse embryos from a limited litter, one useful technique is to transfer carrier ICR embryos along with the embryos of interest, a technique referred to as cotransfer. In this study, we examined suitable mouse strains for cotransfer with C57BL/6J (B6) embryos in regards to the maintenance of pregnancy, number of pups born, intrauterine growth, and postnatal growth. Because the coat color of B6 is black, we compared two white coat-colored strains, SJL/J and ICR. Cotransfer of SJL/J and ICR embryos had similar effects on maintenance of pregnancy, number of pups born, and intrauterine growth. However, the postnatal growth of B6 mouse pups cotransferred and grown with SJL/J pups was better than for B6 mouse pups cotransferred and grown with ICR pups, suggesting competition among littermates. These results demonstrate that cotransfer of SJL/J embryos will be useful not only as carrier embryos with B6-background embryos but also as a model system to examine littermate competition.

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