1991年～2005年の福井県など4県における散発下痢症患者由来の大腸菌0153107株について, 市販の薬剤感受性ディスクを用いたKB (Kirby-Bauer) 法で12剤の薬剤感受性を調べた. 薬剤別耐性菌出現率はampicillinが72.%, streptomycinが48.6%, tetracyclinおよびsulfisoxazoleが46.7%, nalidixic acid (NA) が29.%およびciprofloxacin (CPFX) が24.%などであった. 7～10剤に耐性を示す18株中16株など計26株が, NAおよびCPFXに耐性を示した. NAおよびCPFXに耐性を示した24株とNAに耐性を示した1株について, gyrAおよびparC遺伝子の解析を行った結果, 次の4typesに分けられた. type1 (1株) GyrA (SL) ・ParC (SI), type2 (12株) GyrA (SL & 87N) ・ParC (SI), type (株) GyrA (SL & 87N) ・ParC (SI & G) または (SR & V), type4 (4株) GyrA (SL & 87N) ・ParC (SI & A108T). アミノ酸変異とfluoroquinolone (FQ) 系薬剤の最小発育阻止濃度 (MIC) との関連をみると, CPFX, ofioxacinおよびnorfloxacinのMICはtype1では, それぞれ1μg/mL, 2μg/mLおよびμg/mL, type2では～32μg/mL, ～32μg/mLおよび16～256μg/mL, type, 4では32～256μg/mL, 32～128μg/mLおよび128～>512μg/mLであった. 患者由来のFQ系剤耐性大腸菌O153が多剤耐性傾向を示すとともに, gyrAおよびparCで各々1～2カ所の変異がみられた.

抄録全体を表示

ラットに

3H

-CU-

83

(S)を25μg/kgで静脈内あるいは経口投与し，血液中濃度および尿糞中排泄を検討した．
静脈内投与後の血液中濃度推移は投与後

5

分より上昇し，投与後45分に25.74ng eq./mlのC_maxを示し，それ以後t_1/2

3

.05時間とt_1/2 33.09時間の二相で減少した．投与後72時間までのAUCは135.42ng eq.·hr/mlであった．
経口投与では，投与後

3

時間でC_max 4.10ng eq./mlに達し，以後t_1/2α 4.46時間とt_1/2β 26.

83

時間の二相で減少した．投与後72時間までのAUCは48.62ng eq.·hr/mlであった．
静脈内投与と経口投与のいずれの場合も，尿および糞中への放射能の排泄は，投与後48時間でほぼ終了した．静脈内投与では，投与後72時間までに投与量の30.52%が尿中に，60.42%が糞中に排泄された．経口投与では，同じく72時間までに40.34%が尿中に，69.24%が糞中に排泄された．

抄録全体を表示

A structure analysis of has been carried out to determine the deuterium trap sites by neutron powder diffraction with the Rietveld profile analysis. It is revealed that the deuterium atoms are located at octahedral (2b) sites surrounded by six Ti atoms in the crystal structure of , space group P6₃/mcm. Local vibration spectra of hydrogen in measured by neutron inelastic scattering support this result; the energy eigenvalue of the primary vibration mode is found at 7.53 kJ/mol (78 meV). The hole radius and the spring constant of the Ti-H() bond are discussed.

抄録全体を表示

Background

The differences in conditions of enteric-coated acid-labile drug release and absorption between healthy subjects in bioequivalence studies and gastrointestinal patients in clinical practice can lead to significant differences in gastric stability of original PPIs and generics. Thus, pathologic duodenogastric reflux (PDGR) and the pH increasing within PPIs administration still remain unaccounted for.

Methods

Two-stage modified comparative dissolution testing of original omeprazole (OO) and four generics (G1;2;

;4) was performed. At first, we moved drugs from solution with pH 1.2 (1.2±.05) to pH 7. (7.±.05) and measure concentration of omeprazole in solution by high-performance liquid chromatography. According to our self-developed formula, pH 7 exposure time of resistance to PDGR for omeprazole is 4 minutes, i.. the active substance should not be released within 4 minutes at pH 7. The exposure at the second stage was conducted with pH 4 (4.±.05), that imitated gastric pH after PPI administration. And then we also moved drugs to pH 7 with the subsequent measurement of omeprazole concentration.

Results

Omeprazole concentrations after 4, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 minutes in pH 7 solution at the first stage were different for OO and generics. For OO, these values were 4,7±

,7%; 41,4±,%; 62,±4,%; 79,±2,%; ,±2,%; 81,6±2,%; ,6±4,4%; for Generic1 - ; 49,±,%; 88, ±2,%; 90,4±,7%; 88, 2±2,2%; 87,±2,%; 85,±1,1%; for Generic2 - ; 30,6±6,%; 66,7±,2%; 76,4±7,4%; 82,±,%; 86,±,7%; ,6±,%: for Generic - ,±,6%; ,±1,%; , ±,2%; ,±2,7%; 81,±2,1%; 82,1±2,%; 82,±2,4%; for Generic4 - 82,±1,7%; ,4±,%; ,2±1,2%; 82, ±,%; 82,±,%; 82,±,%; 82,±1,1%, respectively.

An analysis of the omeprazole concentration in pH 7 solution at the second stage revealed the following parameters after the same time: for OO - 4,4±

,6%; 40, ±,%; 62,±2,%; ,±,1%; 85,4±2,%; 82,±,4%; ,±,%; for Generic1 - ; 67,±7,%; 89,7±2,%; 91, ±4,%; 89,1±1,6%; 88,±1,4%; 87,±1,2%; for Generic2 - ; 42,2±,6%; 75,1±7,%; 81,±6,%; 88,4±,2%; 88, 6±1,%; 87,±1,%; for Generic4 - 85,±,%; 85,6±,%; ,7±,%; 82,7±,%; ,4±,%; ,4±,%; ,±,4%, respectively. Generic release and degradation were completely realized at pH 4.

Conclusion

Decreased gastric stability of Generic

and Generic4 makes PDGR and inhibited gastric acid secretion due to PPIs administration the potential causes of decreased enteric-coated acid-labile drugs stability.

抄録全体を表示

It has been shown after mathematical and mechanical investigation that Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) can be considered as a method to obtain the necessary condition of Slip Line Method (SLM), and that the solution can be obtained under the condition that F_s=1 and ∂F_s/∂θ=O, where F_s is the safety factor and θ is the inclination of the plane on which the safety factor is defined. Next, the generalized LEM (GLEM) is proposed, dealing with the following points : (1) Triangular or quadrangular blocks can be treated; (2) Safety factors are defined also on interblock planes; and () All types of plastic problems, slope stability, bearing capacity, and earth pressure are identically formulated. Two situations regarding treatment of the moment equilibrium condition are discussed. GLEM is applied to well-known problems. The results agree well with those obtained by theoretical methods. GLEM can be used to obtain the distribution of earth pressure or bearing capacity. GLEM, Iike ordinary LEM, is very effective for the practical problems, but GLEM is more theoretical and it can result in more accurate solutions.

抄録全体を表示

L'entree en Iran des armees britannique et sovietique s'est produite en aout 1941. Elle ebranla du coup le regime de la dynastie pahlavi qui etait au pouvoir depuis 16 ans, et mena le pays vers l'instabilite politique et le chaos social. La defaite de l'arme gouvernementale, qui etait le pivot du regime de Reza Shah, reduisit considerablement le controle du gouvernement central dans le pays. Cette situation politico-sociale confuse permit le developpement de differents mouvements politiques en Iran. C'est ainsi que le 16 aout 1942 le parti clandestin Komeley Jiyanewey Kurdistan (J-K) est ne a Mehabad, une ville au nord-ouest de l' Iran. Des sa formation, ce parti a su etendre sa sphere et, en une courte periode de temps, a fini par mettre sous son influence la ville et ses alentours. A la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, en ete 1945, le J-K etait devenu une organisation representant le mouvement nationaliste kurde en Iran. C'est a ce moment-la qu'un autre parti politique, le Hizbi Dimokratiki Kurdistan (HDK), fonde par Qazi Mihemed a Mehabad aussi, devait remplacer le J-K. Des le janvier 1946, le HDK proclama l'instauration de la≪Republique de Kurdistan≫. Cependant, les troupes sovietiques qui avaient pris sous leur protection la Republique evacuerent les terres iraniennes, en mai 1946. Six mois plus tard, sous la pression militaire du gouvernement central iranien, la republique s'ecroula. Deux theories tentent le passage du J-K au HDK. William Eagleton Jr., par exemple, affirme dans The Kurdish Republic of 1946 que le HDK a ete cree sur le conseil des autorites sovietiques. L'ex-secretaire general du Parti Democratique du Kurdistan , 'Ebd el-Rehman Qasimlu maintient par contre que Qazi Mihemed a etabli le nouveau parti de sa propre initiative, eu regard a la situation politique de cette epoque-la. Il considere que la passage du J-K au HDK comme etant l'evolution parti nationaliste clandestin en un parti democratique. En analysant ces deux theories et en se basant sur les autobiographies des personages qui se sont engages dans cet evenement, cette etude tentera le principe directeur et les activites du J-K et de mieux comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles le J-K devait etre remplace par le HDK. La conclusion generale portera sur les differents objectifs politiques du J-K et du HDK. Le J-K visait l'elevation du niveau culturel du peuple tout en luttant contre le tribalisme, qui etait, selon lui, le probleme majeur de≪la nation kurde≫, et cela en ecartant toute idee de revolte militaire. Le J-K a aussi exclu de son cadre les elites sociales telles que les leaders des tribus et dirigeants religieux de peur qu'ils n'excercent une influence sur les membres du parti. L'automne de 1944 fut le debut nouvelle ere pour le mouvement kurde. Alors que l'espoir de l'autodetermination augmentait parmi le peuple a mesure que s'approchait la fin de la guerre, la necessite de la force militaire a commence a se faire sentir dans le J-K. C'est pour cela que s'est produite au sein du parti une tendance a compter sur l'aide militaire des sovietiques et a recourir au leadership de Qazi Mihemed, qui avait une certaine influence meme sur les leaders tribaux. Mais cette tendance etait essentiellement incompatible avec la ligne fondamentale du J-K et, graduellement, a prive ce parti de sa raison . Ainsi, le HDK se substitua au J-K en tant que≪parti democratique≫visant a rallier les elites sociales sous sa banniere, en s'appuyant sur l'autorite personnelle de Qazi Mihemed.

抄録全体を表示

The acetone extracts from three samples of the hepatopancreas of the poisonous scallops obtained on the Okhotsk Coast of Hokkaido Island were fractionated into two parts, hexane soluble fraction (fraction H) and 85% aqueous ethanol soluble fraction (fraction ) by partition to two layers. The majortoxic components in the mouse assay of “diarrheic shellfish toxin” by intra-peritoneal injection were found to be free unsaturated fatty acids showed the following toxicity in MU per g, 18:1 n- 35, 18:2 n-6 , 18: n- 167, 18:4 n- , 20: n- 167, and :6 n- , respectively. Toxicity of the fraction Hin MUper g was much lower than that of the fraction . However, the toxicity of the fraction H per 1 g of the hepatopancreas was about twice that of the fraction , since the fraction Hwas much more abundant than the fraction in the hepatopancreas. The method for the assay of the diarrhetic shellfish toxin must be reexamined by considering the toxic effect of the free unsaturated fatty acids.

抄録全体を表示

A new limit equilibrium analysis for assessing the stability of a reinforced embankment on soft clay against rotational undrained failure is presented. The analysis considers strain compatibility along the slip surface to deduce the tension mobilized in extensible reinforcement at collapse condition, and models strain softening of soils along the slip surface. The load extension responses of the reinforcement can be dependent on confinement by soils. Non-uniform increase in undrained cohesion during construction can be accounted for. The analysis yields a 'Safety Factor Curve' instead of a unique value for safety factor. A parametric study for illustrating the relevance of the proposed analysis is reported.

抄録全体を表示

The applicability of a method for predicting 'bearing capacity increase'in reinforced sandy ground was examined using tests performed under various test conditions. It was found that the present method predicted, with reasonable accuracy, the bearing capacity increase in sandy ground, reinforced with stiff reinforcement. This method may not be applicable for sandy ground reinforced with extensible reinforcement due to the unsuccessful formation of a semirigid zone under the footing. An investigation into the settlement of a footing on reinforced sandy ground, at ultimate footing load condition, suggested that the settlement of footing for reaching peak footing load may be correlated to the 'deep-footing'and the 'wide-slab'mechanisms. That is, the ultimate settlement ratio between reinforced and unreinforced model sandy ground, SR_f, may be linearly correlated to 'BCR_D'and 'BCR_s', which represent 'deep-footing' and 'wide-slab'effects, respectively, on the ultimate bearing capacity increase in reinforced sandy ground.

抄録全体を表示

In this study, balanced and single ended class- power amplifiers (PAs) were designed and realized for .-.GHz band by using Gallium Nitride high electron mobility transistor (GaN HEMT). Realizations were made on low loss Rogers RT5880 dielectric material which has .254mm thickness and 2.2 dielectric constant. Proposed balanced class- PA has approximately 20W (43dBm) output power with % peak power added efficiency (PAE) and shows a very favorable combination of output power, PAE and suppressed even order harmonics compared to the single ended class- PA prototype.

抄録全体を表示

The numerical values of the intervals betrween optieal levels are competed for the configurations *⁹4s, s, 6s and 7s of Cu⁺, according to the general expression of energy-levels derived in the previous paper The self-consistent field radial functions computed by Hartree adn Hartree are used for1s, 2s, 2p, s, p and . Those of 4s, s, .s and are ealenlated from Hartree Hartree's core-functions by the numerical integrations. The calculated results are shown in Table I.The agreement with experiment is satisfactory

抄録全体を表示

性周期における牛の末梢血中遊離estrogen測定にITTRICH螢光法を応用して次の成績を得た。
Ittrich colorの最大波長をspectrofluorometer Hitachi MPF-2AおよびType203で測定した結果,励起光538nm,螢光552.nmであった。この螢光特性は, およびにそれぞれ共通であった。実際の測定では最大波長が接近しているので感度は若干低下するが510~520nmで励起し•螢光側552•±•を読み,ALLENの補正を行なった。この条件において,および-methyletherの最少検出量は1ngであった。回収率補正の目的で加えた6,7-

3H

-

E₂

-17βの全過程における回収率は平均60.

3

±11.7%であった。正常性周期を示す黒毛和種2頭の頸静脈血についてestrogenを分画測定した。その結果,両牛共

E₁

,

E₂

の各消長型は性周期の全期間を通じてほぼ同じ傾向を示したが,

E₂

は

E₁

にくらべ全般に高値であった。また

E₃

は検出されなかった。これらの牛のtotalestrogenは発情前期に増加し,排卵前に鋭いピーク(35.

3

および

99.8ng

/l;

E₁5.9

および

16.0ng

/l,

E₂29.4

および

83.8ng

/l)を形成し,排卵後は急激に減少して最低値(

3

.

8

~

5.3ng

/l;

E₁1.6

および

1.9ng

/l,

E₂2.2

および

3.4ng

/l)を示した。黄体期の最高値(10.1および

27.0ng

/l;

E₁2.4

および

3.4ng

/l,

E₂7.7

および23.6ng/l)は排卵後6~

8

日に認めた。すなわちestrogenの血中濃度は性周期の間に2つのピークを形成することを認めた。

抄録全体を表示

2014年LIA法を原理とする血清H. pylori抗体価測定キット「LZテスト」が上市された。LZテストは従来のELISA法によるプレートとは異なる測定系であり, プレートに関する知見が通用する保証はない。今回, LZテストの陰性高値(抗体価.～.U/ml)がプレートと同様の取扱いができるかを検証した。対象は両検査法で抗体価を同時測定し両抗体価の少なくとも一方が10U/ml未満であった230例であり, 陰性高値内のH. pylori感染状態の構成比および“新ABC分類”(カットオフ値＝.U/ml)による分類結果を比較した。プレートでは陰性高値となる未感染は存在せず, LZテストでは16例(.%)であった。未感染98例に新ABC分類を適応するとプレートではA群97例(99.%)群1例(1.%), LZテストではA群例(.7%), BCD群合わせて15例(15.%)であった。LZテストの陰性高値には未感染が多く含まれ, 新ABC分類をLZテストで行うと未感染者を要精検とする割合が増えるため, 未感染者が多数を占める検診ではプレートを用いることが望ましい。

抄録全体を表示

1. The chromosome numbers of 64 species have been studied on which 56 are investigated for the first time.
2. Morphological, anatomical and cytological findings on the Musaceae in the broad sense are considered from a phylogenetical standpoint and three distinct groups:
a) Musa-Ensete, b) Ravenala-Strelitzia-Phenakospermum and c) Holiconia are recognised as suggested by some authors. For these groups sub-familial status is proposed.
. Lowiaceae have been studied for the first time cytologically and their chromosome morphology, distinct from that of any other group of Zingiberales, confirms their claim to familial status.
4. Consideration of the conflicting theories proposed to account for the higher chromosome number in genera like Globba, Alpinia, and Phaemeria, etc. leads to rejection of Chakravorti's hypothesis of wholesale fragmentation of chromosomes and the acceptance of the opposed view of Raghavan and Venkatasubban and others.
. Holttum's transference of the genus Zingiber to the tribe Hedychieae has been given cytological support on the following points:
a) the basic number in the genus Zingiber correlates with that of Kaempferia.
b) the new tribe Alpinieae (which is infact Zingibereae without Zingiber) have consistently 48 chromosomes in their somatic complements.
6. It is suggested that the African representatives of Kaempferia should be given the status of genus; Cienkowskya on the following points:
a) the difference in floral morphology
b) geographical separateness and
c) the difference in the number and morphology of the chromosomes. By comparing the present and past findings, various lines of evolution of the chromosome complements within each group are discussed.
7. The basic number 11 is considered to be probably the original one for the Zingiberales as a whole, being present in Ravenala which is the most primitive member in the order. From this secondary basic numbers have arisen through evolution.

抄録全体を表示

本検討は, 経皮的冠動脈形成術 (PCI) 後の翌日血液透析 (HD) 時における透析中低血圧 (IDH) の発生因子について検討した. 対象は待機的PCI後, 翌日HDを施行した慢性HD患者連続

名 (年齢70±7歳, 男性64名). IDHの定義は, 収縮期血圧20mmHg以上の低下で, 症状を伴いかつHD中断を要したものとした. また, HD記録よりIDHを後方視的に調査し, Logistic回帰分析にてIDHの予測因子を検討した. IDH群 (12名) は非IDH群 (71名) に比して, 有意に低体重 (52.±. vs. 62.±1.kg; p=.007), 造影剤量/体重が多く (2.±. vs. 1.±.1mL/kg; p=.018), 低左室駆出率で (45.±4.2 vs. 56.±1.% ; p=.030), /’ が高値 (.±. vs. 17.2±.cm/sec; p=.038) であった. また, 冠動脈病変や侵襲的な治療について有意差は認めなかった. Logistic回帰分析では, 造影剤量/体重 (OR, 6.87; 95%CI, 1.-25.; p=.004) がIDHの有意な予測因子であった. 造影剤使用量が多い症例は, IDHを生じる危険性が高いことが示唆された.

抄録全体を表示

A structure analysis of has been carried out to determine the deuterium trap sites by neutron powder diffraction with the Rietveld profile analysis. It is revealed that the deuterium atoms are located at octahedral (2b) sites surrounded by six Ti atoms in the crystal structure of , space group P6₃/mcm. Local vibration spectrum of hydrogen in measured by neutron inelastic scattering supports this result; the energy eigenvalue of the primary vibration mode is found at 7.53 kJ/mol (78 meV). The hole radius and the spring constant of the Ti–H() bond are discussed.

抄録全体を表示