L'entree en Iran des armees britannique et sovietique s'est produite en aout 1941. Elle ebranla du coup le regime de la dynastie pahlavi qui etait au pouvoir depuis 16 ans, et mena le pays vers l'instabilite politique et le chaos social. La defaite de l'arme gouvernementale, qui etait le pivot du regime de Reza Shah, reduisit considerablement le controle du gouvernement central dans le pays. Cette situation politico-sociale confuse permit le developpement de differents mouvements politiques en Iran. C'est ainsi que le 16 aout 1942 le parti clandestin Komeley Jiyanewey Kurdistan (J-K) est ne a Mehabad, une ville au nord-ouest de l' Iran. Des sa formation, ce parti a su etendre sa sphere d'activite et, en une courte periode de temps, a fini par mettre sous son influence la ville et ses alentours. A la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, en ete 1945, le J-K etait devenu une organisation representant le mouvement nationaliste kurde en Iran. C'est a ce moment-la qu'un autre parti politique, le Hizbi Dimokratiki Kurdistan (HDK), fonde par Qazi Mihemed a Mehabad aussi, devait remplacer le J-K. Des le janvier 1946, le HDK proclama l'instauration de la≪Republique de Kurdistan≫. Cependant, les troupes sovietiques qui avaient pris sous leur protection la Republique evacuerent les terres iraniennes, en mai 1946. Six mois plus tard, sous la pression militaire du gouvernement central iranien, la republique s'ecroula. Deux theories tentent d'expliquer le passage du J-K au HDK. William Eagleton Jr., par exemple, affirme dans The Kurdish Republic of 1946 que le HDK a ete cree sur le conseil des autorites sovietiques. L'ex-secretaire general du Parti Democratique du Kurdistan d'Iran, 'Ebd el-Rehman Qasimlu maintient par contre que Qazi Mihemed a etabli le nouveau parti de sa propre initiative, eu regard a la situation politique de cette epoque-la. Il considere que la passage du J-K au HDK comme etant l'evolution d'un parti nationaliste clandestin en un parti democratique. En analysant ces deux theories et en se basant sur les autobiographies des personages qui se sont engages dans cet evenement, cette etude tentera d'examiner le principe directeur et les activites du J-K et de mieux comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles le J-K devait etre remplace par le HDK. La conclusion generale portera sur les differents objectifs politiques du J-K et du HDK. Le J-K visait l'elevation du niveau culturel du peuple tout en luttant contre le tribalisme, qui etait, selon lui, le probleme majeur de≪la nation kurde≫, et cela en ecartant toute idee de revolte militaire. Le J-K a aussi exclu de son cadre les elites sociales telles que les leaders des tribus et dirigeants religieux de peur qu'ils n'excercent une influence sur les membres du parti. L'automne de 1944 fut le debut d'une nouvelle ere pour le mouvement kurde. Alors que l'espoir de l'autodetermination augmentait parmi le peuple a mesure que s'approchait la fin de la guerre, la necessite de la force militaire a commence a se faire sentir dans le J-K. C'est pour cela que s'est produite au sein du parti une tendance a compter sur l'aide militaire des sovietiques et a recourir au leadership de Qazi Mihemed, qui avait une certaine influence meme sur les leaders tribaux. Mais cette tendance etait essentiellement incompatible avec la ligne fondamentale du J-K et, graduellement, a prive ce parti de sa raison d'etre. Ainsi, le HDK se substitua au J-K en tant que≪parti democratique≫visant a rallier d'abord les elites sociales sous sa banniere, en s'appuyant sur l'autorite personnelle de Qazi Mihemed.

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. The chromosome numbers of 64 species have been studied on which 56 are investigated for the first time.
2. Morphological, anatomical and cytological findings on the Musaceae in the broad sense are considered from a phylogenetical standpoint and three distinct groups:
a) Musa-Ensete, ) Ravenala-Strelitzia-Phenakospermum and c) Holiconia are recognised as suggested by some authors. For these groups sub-familial status is proposed.
. Lowiaceae have been studied for the first time cytologically and their chromosome morphology, distinct from that of any other group of Zingiberales, confirms their claim to familial status.
. Consideration of the conflicting theories proposed to account for the higher chromosome number in genera like Globba, Alpinia, and Phaemeria, etc. leads to rejection of Chakravorti's hypothesis of wholesale fragmentation of chromosomes and the acceptance of the opposed view of Raghavan and Venkatasubban and others.
. Holttum's transference of the genus Zingiber to the tribe Hedychieae has been given cytological support on the following points:
a) the basic number in the genus Zingiber correlates with that of Kaempferia.
) the new tribe Alpinieae (which is infact Zingibereae without Zingiber) have consistently 48 chromosomes in their somatic complements.
. It is suggested that the African representatives of Kaempferia should be given the status of genus; Cienkowskya on the following points:
a) the difference in floral morphology
) geographical separateness and
c) the difference in the number and morphology of the chromosomes. By comparing the present and past findings, various lines of evolution of the chromosome complements within each group are discussed.
7. The basic number 11 is considered to be probably the original one for the Zingiberales as a whole, being present in Ravenala which is the most primitive member in the order. From this secondary basic numbers have arisen through evolution.

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The association between apolipoprotein (Apo-) polymorphism and the response of plasma cholesterol to dietary therapy (cholesterol intake of less than 300mg/day) was investigated for about 8 weeks in 208 nonfamilial hypercholesterolemia patients (/ 161, / 47). The baseline lipoprotein concentration and the intake of energy and lipids were not significantly different between subjects with / and those with / phenotypes. After the dietary therapy plasma total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly decreased in both phenotype groups (p<0.05). The patients with / had significantly smaller reductions of LDL-C than the patients with /. The changes of LDL-C showed a significant difference between the patients with / and / by the Kruskal Wallis test (p=0.041). The presence of / predicted the degree of cholesterol reduction following dietary therapy.

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BCR-ABL

International Scale（IS）測定はチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤で治療されている慢性骨髄性白血病（CML）患者の治療効果をモニターする上で重要な検査法である。稀ではあるが，BCR-ABL IS測定ができないCMLが存在することが知られている。本研究において，我々は，そのようなBCR-ABL IS測定のできないCML患者を経験し，分子生物学的な方法で，その原因を解明した。本例ではABL遺伝子における切断点がa2エクソン内にあることが分かり，そのことがABLのa2エクソンを欠いた14a（a）キメラ遺伝子のmRNAのみの発現を誘導していた。a2エクソンは本邦における検査部でのIS測定において重要な要素であり，これが欠損することが測定不能の原因であった。このようなIS測定ができない稀なCML症例をさらに集積して，その分子構造を解明することが待たれる。

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The nucleus ¹²C was bombarded by .–MeV

3He

particles to study elastic and inelastic scattering and the (

3He

, α) reaction. Angular distributions were measured for the elastic scattering, for the inelastic scattering to levels at

4

.

4

, 7.

6

and

9

.

6

MeV in ¹²C, and for the (

3He

, α) reaction to levels at 0.0, 2.0,

4

.

3

(

4

.7) and

6

.

4

MeV in ¹¹C. The optical potential parameters were searched for to fit the

3He

elastic scattering angular distribution. The deformation parameters β₂ and

β₃

for ¹²C were determined from DWBA analysis. The angular distributions of α particles were compared with DWBA calculations and calculations including the two-step process via inelastic channel.

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The performance of single pitch and multi pitch screw anchors during the application of installation torque is presented. An experimental testing program was conducted using five models of screw anchors with different geometry. The effect of the shape of the screw element, sand properties, and installation depth on the required installation torque value was examined. A theoretical model was developed from which the required installation torque value can be calculated in terms of the influencing factors. The required installation torque can be determined in terms of the ultimate uplift resistance calculated from any of the available theories. Based on the actual installation torque value measured in the field, the anticipated pullout capacity can be back calculated from the present theory. A comparison between theoretical and experimental results showed good agreement. Also, good agreement was observed when the present theoretical results were compared with the available field results reported in the literature.

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The high-power reconnection heating of spherical tokamak (ST) has been studied in the TS- experiment by use of axial merging of two STs. In this method, the merging/ magnetic reconnection transformed a part of magnetic energy of merging STs into their thermal energy within short reconnection time. Our present low-field merging (0.-0.kG, R-0.2m) attained the maximum heating power of -10MW and increased the beta-values of STs by factor 2- transiently. The ion heating energy was found to increase inversely with the q-value (B_t component) of two STs. The most probable cause for this dependence is fast reconnection speed/ outflow speed due to large anomalous resistivity of current sheet in low-q state. After merging startup, decrease in beta was observed especially in low-q STs, indicating that the final beta value of ST increased with the q-value.

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It has been shown after mathematical and mechanical investigation that Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) can be considered as a method to obtain the necessary condition of Slip Line Method (SLM), and that the solution can be obtained under the condition that F_s= and ∂F_s/∂θ=O, where F_s is the safety factor and θ is the inclination of the plane on which the safety factor is defined. Next, the generalized LEM (GLEM) is proposed, dealing with the following points : () Triangular or quadrangular blocks can be treated; (2) Safety factors are defined also on interblock planes; and () All types of plastic problems, slope stability, bearing capacity, and earth pressure are identically formulated. Two situations regarding treatment of the moment equilibrium condition are discussed. GLEM is applied to well-known problems. The results agree well with those obtained by theoretical methods. GLEM can be used to obtain the distribution of earth pressure or bearing capacity. GLEM, Iike ordinary LEM, is very effective for the practical problems, but GLEM is more theoretical and it can result in more accurate solutions.

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Background

The differences in conditions of enteric-coated acid-labile drug release and absorption between healthy subjects in bioequivalence studies and gastrointestinal patients in clinical practice can lead to significant differences in gastric stability of original PPIs and generics. Thus, pathologic duodenogastric reflux (PDGR) and the pH increasing within PPIs administration still remain unaccounted for.

Methods

Two-stage modified comparative dissolution testing of original omeprazole (OO) and four generics (G

;2;;) was performed. At first, we moved drugs from solution with pH .2 (.2±0.05) to pH 7.0 (7.0±0.05) and measure concentration of omeprazole in solution by high-performance liquid chromatography. According to our self-developed formula, pH 7 exposure time of resistance to PDGR for omeprazole is minutes, i.. the active substance should not be released within minutes at pH 7. The exposure at the second stage was conducted with pH (.0±0.05), that imitated gastric pH after PPI administration. And then we also moved drugs to pH 7 with the subsequent measurement of omeprazole concentration.

Results

Omeprazole concentrations after

, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 minutes in pH 7 solution at the first stage were different for OO and generics. For OO, these values were ,7±0,7%; 41,±,0%; 62,8±,0%; 79,±2,%; ,±2,%; 81,±2,%; 80,±,%; for Generic - 0; 49,±,%; 88,8 ±2,8%; 90,±,7%; 88, 2±2,2%; 87,±2,0%; 85,±,%; for Generic2 - 0; 30,±,%; 66,7±8,2%; 76,±7,%; ,8±,%; 86,0±,7%; 84,±,%: for Generic - 80,8±,%; ,±,%; , 8±,2%; ,±2,7%; 81,±2,%; ,±2,0%; ,0±2,%; for Generic - ,±,7%; 84,±0,8%; 84,2±,2%; , ±0,%; ,±0,%; ,±0,%; ,8±,%, respectively.

An analysis of the omeprazole concentration in pH 7 solution at the second stage revealed the following parameters after the same time: for OO -

,±0,%; 40, ±,0%; 62,8±2,0%; 80,0±,%; 85,±2,%; ,8±,%; 80,±,%; for Generic - 0; 67,0±7,8%; ,7±2,%; 91, ±,%; ,±,%; 88,±,%; 87,8±,2%; for Generic2 - 0; 42,2±,%; 75,±7,%; 81,0±,0%; 88,±,2%; 88, ±,%; 87,±,0%; for Generic - 85,±0,%; 85,±0,%; 84,7±0,%; ,7±,0%; 84,±0,%; 84,±0,%; 84,±0,%, respectively. Generic release and degradation were completely realized at pH .

Conclusion

Decreased gastric stability of Generic

and Generic makes PDGR and inhibited gastric acid secretion due to PPIs administration the potential causes of decreased enteric-coated acid-labile drugs stability.

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Estriol antisera were raised and studied for the use in radioimmunoassay (RIA) of urinary estrogen as an aid of diagnosis of feto-placental function. Antisera to estriol-related six haptens, i.., estriol 16-glucuronide (-16-G), estriol 16-hemisuccinate (-16-succ), estriol 17-hemisuccinate (-17-succ), estriol 16, 17-dihemisuccinate (-16, 17-succ), estriol -carboxymethylether (--CME) and estriol -glucuronide (--G), were obtained by immunizing rabbits with the respective haptenbovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate. Antiserum to -16-G-BSA reacted significantly with -16-G, C-17 conjugated estrogens and free estrogens. But it did not react with C- conjugated estrogens and other steroids. Similar properties were observed with antisera to -16-succ-BSA, -17-succ-BSA and -16, 17-succ-BSA, but their reactivities with C-16 or C-17 conjugated estrogens were slightly lower than that of anti--16-G-BSA serum. Among antisera which were raised against estriol linked to BSA via hemisuccinate varying in linking posirion, anti--16-succ-BSA serum highly reacted with -16-G, while anti--17-succ-BSA did with -17-G. Anti--16, 17-succ-BSA serum reacted with C-16 and C-17 conjugated estrogens to nearly the same extent. Antisera to both --CME-BSA and --G-BSA reacted with estrogens conjugated at C- position, but failed to react with C-16 or C-17 conjugated estrogens. The latter antiserum reacted more specifically with and -G than the former. Estrogen values in pregnancy urine samples estimated by the RIA by use of anti--16-G serum were not influenced by other components in urine, and showed a good correlation of y=0.81x-.28, r=0.983 with those determined by the currently available colorimetric method with -kit.

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We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MCT-. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 8 boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MCT- cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (,24R)-ergosta-7,-diene-,,-triol (). induced ALP activities of MCT- cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MCT- cells by , ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (), cholesta-,,-triol (), 7-dehydrocholesterol () and cholecalciferol () were tested. The enzyme activities of MCT- cells were increased .0-fold by 10 μM and 2.-fold by 10 μM . However, 2, , and did not induce MCT- cell ALP activity at 0.—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C- and/or C- of and played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MCT- cells. Furthermore, suppressed induction of MCT- cell apoptosis by serum starvation.

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Limiting equilibrium state of saturated soils is solved taking into account drainage conditions during loading stage before reaching limit state. In analysis procedure, non-dilatant characteristics are assumed at limit state and then the failure problem discussed in the present study is concerned with normally consolidated and/or lightly overconsolidated soils. When solving statically indeterminate limiting equilibrium state one needs constitutive relations at limit state. In saturated soils, however, since the constitutive relations are generally expressed in terms of effective stresses, an additional field equation is required in order to link a velocity field to a pore pressure field. Therefore the problem should be solved as a coupling problem between these two fields. Two distinct types are discussed, one is undrained problem and the other, fully drained problem. Topics covered in the present study are as follows : () Undrained bearing capacity and excavation stability of soft clays, (2) Bearing capacity under partly drained and/or partly swelling condition, () Comparison between rapid loading condition and undrained condition, and () Seepage failure of loose sandy soils under fully drained condition.

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The pseudo-static analysis has been used in engineering practice to simplify the computation of the upper limit of a slope under seismic load. In this paper, the upper bound technique of limit analysis of perfect plasticity is used to determine the bearing capacity of a foundation near a down-hill slope. In this analysis (Chen et al., 1969; Chen, 1975), a logarithmic spiral rapture (Abdul-Baki et al., 1970; Sawada et al., 1984) is assumed to start at an edge of the loaded area far from the slope. A landslide is assumed to be of rigid body type with the inertia force acted at its center of gravity. The collapse state is reached when the rate of kinematic energy of the landslide together with the load is equal to the rate of dissipation of internal energy along the sliding surface. This energy balance leads to the equation of ultimate load with several parameters. The optimized numerical rcsults with respect to these parameters are compared with those by Kotter's method (Yamaguchi, 1959) and those obtained by the slice method.

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