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Acid-catalyzed Acetal Formation from Benzoylacetone

古家義朗, 小杉善雄, 伊藤和夫, 山口一記, NAKASHIMA TOSHIHIRO, 村山孝司, 前田義孝

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
1982年 30 巻 7 号 2424-2428
発行日: 1982/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/31

DOI https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.30.2424

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When mixed with methanol containing a catalytic amount of sulfuric acid and kept at 10°C for 10 h, benzoylacetone (
BA
) gave two products methoxylated on the side of the acetyl group (viz.,
3
,
3
-dimethoxy-1-phenyl-1-butanone (AK) and
3
-methoxy-1-phenyl-2-buten-1-one (
A'E
)) but no products methoxylated on the side of the benzoyl group (
4
,
4
-dimethoxy-
4
-phenyl-2-butanone (BK) and
4
-methoxy-
4
-phenyl-
3
-buten-2-one (B'
E
)) or products methoxylated on both carbonyls. Furthermore,
BA
did not undergo acid-catalyzed methanolysis under our conditions. The reason why acetal formation of the acetyl carbonyl occurs more easily than that of the benzoyl carbonyl, and the relationship of AK and
A'E
, which is not an intermediate in the formation of AK from
BA
even though AK can be formed from it, are discussed.
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Crystallization of Nonlinear Optical Crystals from Glasses and Their Second Order Optical Nonlinearities

*Yoshihiro TAKAHASHI, Kenta SAITOH, Yasuhiko BENINO, Takumi FUJIWARA, Takayuki KOMATSU

日本セラミックス協会　年会・秋季シンポジウム講演予稿集
2003年 2003F 巻 17-O-11
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2005/08/25

DOI https://doi.org/10.14853/pcersj.2003F.0.834.0

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This paper presents a review for the crystallization of nonlinear optical crystals such as LaBGeO₅,
LiBGeO₄
, fresnoite-type
Ba₂TiGe₂O₈
and several langasite-type crystals in glasses and for the second order optical nonlinearities of those crystals. In this study, transparent surface crystallized glasses consisting of LaBGeO₅,
LiBGeO₄
and
Ba₂TiGe₂O₈
crystals were successfully fabricated from the corresponding glasses. Second order nonlinear optical coefficients, d₃₃, were evaluated by Maker fringe technique for those surface crystallized glasses. As a result, it was demonstrated that the
LiBGeO₄
and the
Ba₂TiGe₂O₈
crystals indicated large d₃₃ values, i.
e
., – 1.
3
pm/V and –
22
pm/V, respectively. In particular, d₃₃ of the
Ba₂TiGe₂O₈
crystal is comparable to that of
LiNbO₃
single crystal. Moreover, we confirmed for the first time that the langasite-type crystals, which are promising materials for SAW device, are formed by crystallization in the corresponding glasses.
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水溶性熱硬化アクリル塗料用樹脂の研究 (第1報)

モノマー全量仕込重合法における4成分系共重合体組成の検討

福田忠則, 高橋正夫, 大西征一郎

色材協会誌
1977年 50 巻 5 号 256-261
発行日: 1977/05/20
公開日: 2012/11/20

DOI https://doi.org/10.4011/shikizai1937.50.256

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スチレン (St), アクリル酸η-ブチル (
BA
), イタコン酸 (IA) およびメタクリル酸β-ヒドロキシエチル (HEMA) の
4
成分 (19.2 : 56.0 : 11.0 : 13.8モル%) を最初から重合系に仕込んでモノマー全量仕込重合を行ない, 各重合率における共重合体の組成変化をNMRスペクトルによって分析した。
(1) 重合初期 (重合率33%) における累積共重合体組成は, St :
BA
: IA : HEMA=35 : 37 : 6 :
22
モル%である。仕込組成に比べてSt含有量は2倍近く多く, 逆に
BA
含有量は少ない。
(2) 重合率の上昇とともに累積共重合体中のSt含有量は徐々に減少し, 一方
BA
含有量は増加する。
(
3
) 一方官能基を有するIAおよびHEMA含有量は全重合率中仕込組成に近く, 組成変化が比較的少ない。
(
4
) 上記の結果はAlfrey-PriceのQ, е基礎式から求めた計算値とかなりよく一致した。
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新しいBenzimidazole sulfoxide誘導体
E
3810の体内動態(1): ラットおよびイヌにおけるPharmacokinetics

知久滋, 中田宏, 石川孝子, 杠輝昭

薬物動態
1994年 9 巻 5 号 603-611
発行日: 1994年
公開日: 2007/03/29

DOI https://doi.org/10.2133/dmpk.9.603

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3810を雌雄ラットおよび雄性犬に単回投与したときの薬物動態について検討し，以下の成績を得た．
1．雄ラットに
E
3810(5，20，
80
mg/kg)を単回十二指腸内投与すると，
E
3810は速やかに吸収され，投与後5分で最高値に達し，以後血漿中
E
3810は消失半減期6～8分で速やかに消失した．投与量とAUCの関係は投与量が増加するに従い投与量比率以上にAUCが増加した．20mg/kgの十二指腸内投与時の雄性ラットにおけるバイオアベイラビリティ(
BA
)は36。6%であり，他方雌性では90．7%であった．
2．絶食下雌雄ラットに
E
3810(2，6，20mg/kg)を単回経口投与したときの
BA
は，雌雄ともに
4
.1%～21.1%であり，十二指腸内投与の場合よりも
BA
が減少した．これは胃酸による影響で
BA
が減少したものと推察された．
3
．薬物投与前後に1%炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液を胃内注入し胃内容pHを高くコントロールしたイヌ(1%炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液処理群)に，
E
3810(0.5，1.5，5mg/kg)を単回経口投与すると
E
3810は速やかに吸収され，血漿中濃度は投与後8～12分で最高値に達し，以後24分の消失半減期で減少した．1.5mg/kgの投与量における
BA
は，
81
.
4
%であった．
4
．胃酸分泌刺激剤ペンタガストリンを筋肉内投与し，胃酸分泌を充進させたときのイヌ(ペンタガストリン処理群)における
E
3810の経口投与時の血漿中
E
3810のAUCは，1%炭酸水素ナトリウム溶液処理群のそれより16%の値を示したのみであった．これは胃酸による影響を受けたものと推察された．
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La_{2-xNa_xCuO₄
とLaBaCaCu₃O₇
-y}の超伝導特性

加藤輝雄, 渡辺光男, 前田裕司, 楢本洋, 数又幸生, 岩田忠夫

低温工学
1988年 23 巻 5 号 302-306
発行日: 1988/10/25
公開日: 2010/02/26

DOI https://doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.23.302

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In the superconductive lanthanum compounds La_{2-xA_xCuO₄
(A=Sr, Ca, Ba
), divalent ions were substituted with monovalent Na, K and divalent Pb. Only the substitution with Na resulted in a superconductivity, and the critical temperature (T_c) is found to be 22
.2K at the composition at La_1.5Na_0.5CuO₄
reacted at temperatures between 880 and 890°C. In another superconductive compound LaBa₂Cu₃O₇
-y} which has the same structure as
YBa₂Cu₃O₇
-y, divalent
Ba
ions were partially substituted with Ca²⁺ and Sr²⁺. In the compound
LaBaSrCu₃O₇
-y T_c deteriorates and two superconductive phases appear. On the contrary, in the compound
LaBaCaCu₃O₇
-y metalic behavior and a sharp transition in resistivity are found, i.
e
., its transition width (ΔT) is within
3
K. Further, T_c is not much influenced by the sintering temperatures between 890 and 1, 050°C, and is reproducibly settled in between 74.7K and 77.
4
K. These results should be compared with those obtained in
LaBa₂Cu₃O₇
-y, in which T_c largely depended on sintering temperature and T amounts to 13.
4
K.
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The Administration of Storage in Early Babylonia

Magnus WIDELL

Orient
2018年 53 巻 23-34
発行日: 2018/09/30
公開日: 2021/04/01

DOI https://doi.org/10.5356/orient.53.23

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This article examines the epigraphic sources from the late third millennium BC from the city of Ur in southern Mesopotamia in order to reconstruct the organization of the city’s centrally controlled storehouse
e₂
-
kišib₃
-
ba
, and to analyze the in- and outflow of products and commodities in this facility. It is argued that a better understanding of the administrative context of this institution as it is reflected in the textual documentation can help us reconstruct in more concrete terms the overall structure of the higher levels of the so-called household economy of the third millennium Sumerian city-states.

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より実用的な飛行機への探求

Grover Loening

日本航空学会誌
1963年 11 巻 119 号 373-380
発行日: 1963年
公開日: 2009/05/25

DOI https://doi.org/10.2322/jjsass1953.11.373

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Interaction of Glycophorin with Lipid Bilayer Studied by Calorimetry, Densitometry, Static Light Scattering, and Electron Microscopy

Sen-fang Sui, Erich Sackmann

The Journal of Biochemistry
1992年 111 巻 1 号 129-138
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/11/18

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In the first part of the present work the interaction of glycophorin with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) is studied by freeze fracture electron microscopy, densitometry, calorimetry, and 90° static light scattering. An exothermic lipid/protein interaction energy of W_P=190 kJ•mol^-1 was found by application of the well known Van Laar relation for the displacement of the freezing point and the Gibbs-Duhem relationship. Secondly, the effects of Ca²⁺ on the lipid/protein interaction were studied. Following Ca²⁺ addition a remarkable decoupling of the interaction of the glycophorin head group with the bilayer surface was revealed by densitometry and gold-labeling electron microscopy. It is estimated that about
80
% of lipid once disturbed by the adsorption of glycophorin head groups is decoupled after addition of Ca²⁺. Thirdly, the selective interaction of glycophorin with binary lipid mixtures was studied, including the mixtures of DMPC with dimyristoylphosphatidylserine (DMPS) and dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC), and the mixture of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) with DLPC.
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THE LEANING TOWER OF PISA : GEOTECHNICAL THEORY AND MODEL TESTS

JURGEN GRABE, GERD GUDEHUS

土質工学会論文報告集
1992年 32 巻 3 号 130-136
発行日: 1992/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/29

DOI https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.32.3_130

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The leaning tower of Pisa is a famous historical structure, especially in the field of soil mechanics. In this paper, the historical development of the inclination is reconstructed considering that a ground failure took place after each of the three construction phases. Model tests (scale 1 : 130) were carried out in order to predict that the tower will fail definitely, i.
e
. without any further disturbances, at an angle of inclination of 5.7°, which is dramatically close to the actual value of 5.5°. The estimated probability of failure rises very quickly with an increase in the angle of inclination. Conservation of the tower should be done therefore with utmost caution.
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INSTALLATION TORQUE OF SCREW ANCHORS IN DRY SAND

ASHRAF GHALY, ADEL HANNA, MIKHAIL HANNA

土質工学会論文報告集
1991年 31 巻 2 号 77-92
発行日: 1991/06/15
公開日: 2008/02/29

DOI https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.31.2_77

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The performance of single pitch and multi pitch screw anchors during the application of installation torque is presented. An experimental testing program was conducted using five models of screw anchors with different geometry. The effect of the shape of the screw element, sand properties, and installation depth on the required installation torque value was examined. A theoretical model was developed from which the required installation torque value can be calculated in terms of the influencing factors. The required installation torque can be determined in terms of the ultimate uplift resistance calculated from any of the available theories. Based on the actual installation torque value measured in the field, the anticipated pullout capacity can be back calculated from the present theory. A comparison between theoretical and experimental results showed good agreement. Also, good agreement was observed when the present theoretical results were compared with the available field results reported in the literature.
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(
22E
, 24S)5α-Stigmasta-
3
,
22
-dien-6-one: An Intermediate of the Isomerization of (
22E
, 24S)-
3α
, 5-Cyclo-5α-stigmast-
22
-en-6-one into (
22E
, 24S)-5α-Stigmasta-2,
22
-dien-6-one

Suguru TAKATSUTO, Kiyomi KOBAYASHI, Tsuyoshi WATANABE, Hiroki KURIYAMA, Tokuo FURUSE

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry
1988年 52 巻 12 号 3217-3218
発行日: 1988年
公開日: 2006/04/05

DOI https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.52.3217

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Association between vaccination status and severe health consequences among community-dwelling COVID-19 patients during Omicron
BA
.1/
BA
.2 and
BA
.5-predominant periods in Japan

Kimiko Tomioka, Kenji Uno, Masahiro Yamada

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine
2023年 28 巻 35
発行日: 2023年
公開日: 2023/06/07

DOI https://doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.23-00061

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Background: Many previous studies have reported that COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness decreased over time and declined with newly emerging variants. However, there are few such studies in Japan. Using data from a community-based retrospective study, we aimed to assess the association between vaccination status and severe COVID-19 outcomes caused by the Omicron variant, considering the length of time since the last vaccination dose.
Methods: We included all persons aged ≥12 diagnosed with COVID-19 by a doctor and notified to the Chuwa Public Health Center of Nara Prefectural Government during the Omicron
BA
.1/
BA
.2 and
BA
.5-predominant periods in Japan (January 1 to September 25, 2022). The outcome variable was severe health consequences (SHC) (i.
e
., COVID-19-related hospitalization or death). The explanatory variable was vaccination status of the individuals (i.
e
., the number of vaccinations and length of time since last dose). Covariates included gender, age, risk factors for aggravation, and the number of hospital beds per population. Using the generalized estimating equations of the multivariable Poisson regression models, we estimated the cumulative incidence ratio (CIR) and
95
% confidence interval (CI) for SHC, with stratified analyses by period (
BA
.1/
BA
.2 or
BA
.5) and age (65 and older or 12–64 years).
Results: Of the 69,827 participants, 2,224 (
3
.2%) had SHC, 12,154 (17.
4
%) were unvaccinated, and 29,032 (41.6%) received ≥
3
vaccine doses. Regardless of period or age, there was a significant dose-response relationship in which adjusted CIR for SHC decreased with an increased number of vaccinations and a longer time since the last vaccination. On the one hand, in the
BA
.5 period, those with ≥175 days after the third dose had no significant difference in people aged 65 and older (CIR 0.77;
95
% CI, 0.53–1.12), but significantly lower CIR for SHC in people aged 12–64 (CIR 0.47;
95
% CI, 0.26–0.84), compared with those with ≥14 days after the second dose.
Conclusion: A higher number of vaccinations were associated with lower risk of SHC against both
BA
.1/
BA
.2 and
BA
.5 sublineages. Our findings suggest that increasing the number of doses of COVID-19 vaccine can prevent severe COVID-19 outcomes, and that a biannual vaccination is recommended for older people.

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Synthesis and Biological Activity of (
22
E
, 24R)- and (
22
E
, 24S)-1α, 24-Dihydroxy-
22
-dehydrovitamin
D₃

斉洋之, 高津戸秀, 池川信夫, 田中洋子, スミスコニー, デルカ F.ヘクター

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
1984年 32 巻 10 号 3866-3872
発行日: 1984/10/25
公開日: 2008/03/31

DOI https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.32.3866

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Chemical synthesis of (
22
E
, 24R)- and (
22
E
, 24S)-1, 24-dihydroxy-
Δ²²
-vitamin
D₃
has been achieved starting with the commercially available dinorcholenic acid acetate. Synthesis involved introduction of the 1-hydroxy group by a reduction of the 1, 2-epoxide generated by epoxidation of the 1,
4
, 6-trien-
3
-one. The side chain on the steroid was then constructed by means of a Wittig reaction followed by introduction of the Δ⁷ bond by standard methods and its protection with 1-phenyl-1, 2,
4
-triazoline-
3
, 5-dione. Subsequent reduction of the hydroxy groups in the steroid side chain followed by reduction of the Diels-Alder addition products yielded the both 24-isomers. The 5, 7-dienes were irradiated and the corresponding vitamin D compounds isolated. Nuclear magnetic resonance was used to identify individual isomers. The (
22
E
, 24S)-1, 24-hydroxyvitamin
D₃
compound bound equally well to the chick intestinal cytosol receptor as 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin
D₃
, while the 24R-isomer was approximately ten times less active. In vivo, both isomers were less active than 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin
D₃
; however, the 24S-isomer was considerably more active than the 24R-isomer approaching the activity of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin
D₃
.
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VARIATION IN BEARING CAPACITY FACTORS OF DENSE SAND ASSESSED BY MODEL LOADING TESTS

白石俊多

土質工学会論文報告集
1990年 30 巻 1 号 17-26
発行日: 1990/03/15
公開日: 2008/02/29

DOI https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.30.17

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Results of model loading tests on dense sand were reviewed to assess the variation in bearing capacity factors N_γ and N_q relative to the width of the foundation base. Consequently, it is confirmed that N_γ decreases non-linearly with increase in the width of foundation base and that N_q decreases more sharply than N_γ does as the width increase. It is also found that N_q decreases as the ratio of burried depth to the width increase. The cause of decrease in N_γ or N_q with increase in the width is regarded to be the rise of stress level which induces lowering of the angle of internal friction φ and volume reduction in the bearing sand by compression.
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胃内pHコントロールしたビーグル犬のBenzimidazole Sulfoxide誘導体のToxicokineticsへの応用

中田宏, 知久滋, 堀江透

薬剤学
2000年 60 巻 1 号 106-113
発行日: 2000年
公開日: 2019/05/18

DOI https://doi.org/10.14843/jpstj.60.106

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The bioavailability (
BA
) of
E
3810, an unstable compound in acid, was studeid by controlling gastric pH in beagle dogs. The BAs, after the administration of
E
3810 solution orally to dogs with a low or a high gastric pH, were
3
.16 ± 1.28% and 76.
4
± 13.8%, respectively. These results suggested that
E
3810 decomposes rapidly in the presence of gastric acid, but its
BA
is high if the decomposition of
E
3810 is avoided in the gastrointestinal tract. To establish a dosage form of
E
3810 for toxicity testing in the dog,
E
3810 enteric-coated tablets (ϕ=6.5 mm) and
E
3810 solution were administered. The t_max after the administration of
E
3810 enteric-coated tablets was prolonged (t_max=5.42 hr), suggesting a slow gastric emptying, or a delay in the release of
E
3810. In contrast, when the tablets were asministered orally to fasted beagle dogs, t_max was obtained within 1 hr, suggesting rapid release once the tablet left the stomach. After administration of
E
3810 solution to beagle dogs with a high gastric pH, the
BA
was high, with the lowest variability. In the preliminary toxicity test,
E
3810 solution was administered to dogs with a high gastric pH once a day for seven days. The plasma concentrations of
E
3810 on day 1 and day 7 increased dose-dependently, and there is no difference in pharmacokinetics between day 1 and day 7. These results indicate that the method to control gastric pH in dogs is useful for the dosing of a compound that is unstable in gastric acid.

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高コレステロール血症の食事療法に対するApolipoprotein
E
Phenotypeの影響

布施川雄一, 多田博己, 小熊利明, 椎名豊, 玉地寛光, 半田俊之介

動脈硬化
1996年 23 巻 9 号 545-551
発行日: 1996/04/10
公開日: 2011/09/21

DOI https://doi.org/10.5551/jat1973.23.9_545

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The association between apolipoprotein
E
(Apo-
E
) polymorphism and the response of plasma cholesterol to dietary therapy (cholesterol intake of less than 300mg/day) was investigated for about 8 weeks in 208 nonfamilial hypercholesterolemia patients (
E
3
/
3
161,
E
4
/
3
47). The baseline lipoprotein concentration and the intake of energy and lipids were not significantly different between subjects with
E
3
/
3
and those with
E
4
/
3
phenotypes. After the dietary therapy plasma total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly decreased in both phenotype groups (p<0.05). The patients with
E
4
/
3
had significantly smaller reductions of LDL-C than the patients with
E
3
/
3
. The changes of LDL-C showed a significant difference between the patients with
E
3
/
3
and
E
4
/
3
by the Kruskal Wallis test (p=0.041). The presence of
E
4
/
3
predicted the degree of cholesterol reduction following dietary therapy.
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BIO-OXIDATION OF BAZZANENE AND TRICHODIENE

M.
E
. SAVARD, R. GREENHALGH,
B.A
. BLACKWELL

マイコトキシン
1988年 1988 巻 1Supplement 号 141-142
発行日: 1988年
公開日: 2009/11/12

DOI https://doi.org/10.2520/myco1975.1988.1Supplement_141

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C
22
E
-
4
Retribution for parameters with their l₁ and l₂ sub-vector norms

*宮嵜伊弦

日本行動計量学会大会抄録集
2022年 50 巻 C22E-4
発行日: 2022/08/28
公開日: 2022/10/20

DOI https://doi.org/10.20742/pbsj.50.0_144

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食品の保存料, 人工甘味料等の衛生化学的研究 (第
4
報)

食品中の各種保存料の系統的分析法

菰田太郎, 竹下隆三

食品衛生学雑誌
1962年 3 巻 4 号 374-381
発行日: 1962/12/30
公開日: 2010/03/01

DOI https://doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.3.374

ジャーナルフリー

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Such food preservatives as salicylic acid (SA), benzoic acid (
BA
), esters of p-hydroxy benzoica cid (POBA-
E
), sorbic acid (SOA), dehydroacetic acid (DHA), methylnaphthoquinone (MNQ), nitrofurazone (NFS) and nitrofurylacrylamide (NFA) contained in food are separated with solvents to three groups. When it is difficult to extract the acidic compounds of the food preservatives with solvent, anion exchange resins are used for the uptake of the acidic compounds. The elution of the acidic compounds from the resins is carried out by means of a mixture of glacial acetic acid and acetone.
The food preservatives in fraction I; SA,
BA
, POBA-
E
, SOA and DHA are identified by the paper electrophoresis with buffer solution consisted of dimethylformamide-pyridine-acetic acid-water (pH 5.6) or n-butanol-aqueous ammonia-acetic acid-water (pH 5.0) and also by the paper chromatography with cyclohexanol-ammonium carbonate buffer. The spots are detected with ultraviolef light and colorreagents
e
. g. diazotized sulfanilic acid, diazotized nitroaniline, methyl red or ferric chloride.
The food preservative, MNQ in fraction II is paper-chromatographed with
95
% mnethanol by the ascending procedure and detected with ultraviolet light and color reagents
e
. g. sodium hydroxide, 2,
4
-dinitrophenylhydrazine, etc. By the addition of 2,
4
-dinitrophenylhydrazine to fraction II, the 2,
4
-dinitrophenylhydrazone of MNQ is formed and also paper chromatographed with concentrated aqueous ammonia ascendingly.
The food preservatives, NFS and NFA in fraction III are separated by the ascending paper chromatography with n-butanol saturated with water. The spots are detected with ultraviolet light and colorreagent
e
. g. sodium hydroxide.
MNc in fraction I and Rf values of the food preservatives in fraction I, II and III are tabulated.
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耐候性吸音材

清水康男

騒音制御
2000年 24 巻 1 号 18-20
発行日: 2000/02/01
公開日: 2009/10/06

DOI https://doi.org/10.11372/souonseigyo1977.24.18

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