One method currently being considered for the disposal of high level radio-active waste is burial in the seabed. When a hot object is buried in soil, the temperature of the soil adjacent to the object is raised and there is transient heat flow away from the object. The rise in the temperature of the soil causes excess pore pressures to be generated and transient pore water diffusion also takes place. A finite element formulation of the coupled heat flow and consolidation problem is presented. The computer implementation of this formulation is found to compare favourably with analytical solutions based on the same physical principles.

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The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–1,500 μm tall). On 2% modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

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A full account is given of the first chemical synthesis of the antitumor antibiotic guanine -oxide () and its -substituted derivatives (24a-k and 26). Coupling of appropriate primary amines (17a-, g-k) with phanecyl bromide (16) produced, after treatment with HCl, the corresponding N-substituted phenacylamine hydrochlorides (18a-, g-k). A similar phenacylation of -amino-1-butanol (21) failed to give the desired compound 18, so that 21 was heated with 2-bromomethyl-2-phenyl-1, 3-dioxolane (20) at 150-155° for 3h to furnish, after treatment with HCl, the amino ketal hydrochloride in 40% yield. Deketalization of with hot 2N aqueous HCl afforded 18 in 96% yield. Condensations of the free bases, generated in situ from the hydrochlorides 18a-l and 1N aqueous NaOH, with the chloropyrimidinone 6 were effected in aqueous EtOH at the boiling point for 20 min or at 25-30° for 3-24h, giving the 6-phenacylamino--pyrimidinones 19a-l in 54-% yields. On treatment with 2N aqueous NaOH at room temperature for 10-60 min, the nitropyrimidinones 19a-k cyclized to provide the -substituted guanine -oxides 24a-k in 61-% yields. A similar alkali-treatment of 19l failed to yield guanine -oxide (). However, removal of the -(arylmethyl) group from 24i-k was effected with conc, at room temperature for 1-3h in the presence of toluene, producing the target N-oxide in 56-% yields. In the in vitro bioassay of antileukemic activity against murine L5178Y cells, none of the -substituted guanine -oxides (24a-k and 26) was more effective than the parent, natural N-oxide . Within this series, however, the benzyl analogues 24g-k with or without alkoxy functions were more cytotoxic, with IC₅₀'s of 13.0-48.0μg/ml, than the alkyl analogues 24a-.

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Six new cembranoids sarcophytol P (3), R (), S (), K (), (11), and T (13) were isolated from the soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum. Sarcophytol P (3) was shown to be the 20-hydroxy derivative of the major component sarcophytol A (1), and afforded the cyclization product 6 in CHCl_3 at room temperature, in a same way as in 1. Sarcophytols R () and S () were correlated to 1, by conversion of its R,R and S,S epoxide derivatives. Sarcophytol K() was a 13, 14-dihydroxycembranoid having a 1,3Z-diene moiety. The absolute configuration of and its 1Z,3- and 1Z,3Z-isomers sarcophytol (2) and J (10) were determined by circular dichroism study of their bis-p-dimethylaminobenzoate derivatives. Sarcophytols (11) and T (13) were 1- and 1,3Z-isomers of 1. Compound 11 showed characteristic broadening of the ^1H-NMR chemical shifts, due to the restricted conformational interconversion. Using the three cembranoids sarcophytols (11, 1,3), N (15, 1Z,3Z) and T (13,1,3Z), spontaneous autoxidation-cyclization, in CHCl_3,was examined, in order to compare the stereochemical course of the reaction with that of 1 (1Z,3), which affords trans-fused bicyclo[.3.0]tetradecene systems. The 1,3Z-isomer 13 gave the same cyclization product 18, as in the reaction of 1, even though it is isomeric at -1,3. The 1Z,3Z isomer 15 gave 19, in consequence of the reversed geometry at -3 of 15. The 1,3-isomer (11) gave the bicyclic product , having an antipodal fusion as compared with 19. This was confirmed by PCC oxidation of 19 and , giving enantiomeric ketones 23 and 24 respectively. The 1(14)-epoxide 26 was shown to be the immediate precursor of , and acounted for the inversion of the geometry at -1 of the cyclization product. Compound 26 is isomeric with the epoxide 17 derived from 1. The epoxide 17 is the postulated precursor in the conversion of 13 to 18. It is noteworthy that the mode of antipodal fusion of the cyclopentane rings, in 18 and , was controlled by the chirality of the epoxy rings. The -14 hydroxyl group participates in the transannular cyclization, but was found not to be the requisite functional group for the reaction. Similar treatment of cembrene (30), the parent hydrocarbon of 1, also reacted in CHCl_3 giving the bicyclic product 32.

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The modulns of longitudinal elasticity and their temperature dependence in commercial aluminum cast alloys were measured in the temperature range from room temperature (20°) to 250° by the resonant frequency method. The results obtained are as follows:
The modulus of longitudinal elasticity tended to decrease weakly and linearly (the tangent of its decrease, m = (-2.--3.3) × 10²kg/cm²/°) with the rise of temperature. Within the range of the experiments, aluminum cast alloys were divided into 3 groups, the lst group materials having large moduli of elasticity at room temperature (i. ., = (.15-.25) × 10⁵kg/cm²) were AC2A-T6, AC3A-, ACA-, ACA-T, AC-, AC-T, ACA-, ACA-T, etc., the 2nd group materials having intermediate moduli (i. ., = (6.-6.) × 10⁵kg/cm²) were AC-, AC-T, AC-T6, ACD-, ACD-T6, ACA-, etc. and the 3rd group materials showing considerably smaller moduli (i. ., = (6.58-6.65) × 10⁵kg/cm²) were AC1A-, AC1A-T6, AC2A-, etc. However, there were some differences between the moduli in this experiments and the moduli in the other data books, and these were considered due to the difference of the measurement principles and of hypotheses or assumptions involved in these principles, so it is suggested that the moduli of elasticity should be reported with indication of the measuring method.

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Circuit techniques to enhance the linearity of input-voltage-to-current (V/I) conversion and to increase the output impedance of a current source by compensating for the low intrinsic gain of a transistor were introduced to realize a high-frequency operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) for a low supply voltage using sub-100-nm CMOS processes. Applying these techniques, a MOS th-order Gm- linear-phase low-pass filter (LPF) was realized using a 65nm CMOS process. A simplified biquad LPF that can serve as a component of a th-order LPF was newly developed by replacing OTAs with resistors. As a result, the -3dB frequency bandwidth, group delay ripple, 3rd-order distortion, and 3rd-order input intercept point (IIP3) were 200MHz, 2.2%, ≤ -55dB with a 100MHz input, and +10.3dBm, respectively, all with a ±0.1Vp-p input signal at each input terminal in the pseudodifferential configuration. The LPF including an output buffer dissipated 60mW in the case of a 1.2V supply. Wide spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) characteristics were confirmed up to high frequencies.

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Two new partially saturated tricyclic ring systems, 6, 6a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenz [, ] oxepins (3a and 3), and -thiepins (a and ) were synthesized. Compounds a and were desulfurized to give a pair of isomeric 2-methylbenzoylcyclohexanes (10a and 10). Deuterated a and (11a and 11) were prepared starting from butadiene-d₆ (12). The stereochemical features of 3a (trans), 3 (cis), a (trans) and (cis) are compared with those of 10a, 10, 11a and 11 on the basis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance data.

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Stereoselective synthesis of , - and , Z-β-ionylideneacetaldehydes was accomplished from the β-ionone tricarbonyl iron complex, and the latter was converted to Z-retinoic acid.

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カンキツ主要12種を用いて染色体のクロモマイシン A₃(CMA) 染色を行った．染色体は CMA(+) バンドの有無および位置から 種類に区分できた．すなわち，CMA(+) を A: 両端および動原体近傍に有する，: 一方の端部と動原体近傍に有する，: 両端に有する，D: 一方の端部に有する，: CMA(+) がない，: 動原体近傍に有する，Dst: 付随染色体を有する D 型，である．各種はこれらのうち 2～6 種類の染色体を有し，独自の CMA バンドパターンを示した．

C

. medica では 2 + D + ，

C

. limon では 1 + 1 + D + ，

C

. aurantifolia では 2 + D + ，

C

. aurantium では 1A + 1 + 1 + D + ，

C

. sinensis では 2+ 2 + D + ，

C

. maxima では 3A + 3 + D + ，

C

. paradisi では 2A + 3 + 6D + ，

C

. ichangensis では 2 + 2 + 12D + 2，

C

. latipes では 2A + + D + 3，

C

. micrantha では 1 + 11D + + 2Dst，

C

. macroptera では 2 + 1 + 11D + 3 + 1，

C

. hystrix では 3 + 1 + D + 3 + 2 + 1Dst であった．

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The gamma-ray spectrum and the conversion-electron spectrum are measured in the decay of the ^116mIn activity. Directional correlations are also measured for 818–1293 and 1097–1293 keV cascades. The M1-2 mixing ratio δ, and the 0-2 mixing ratio μ_k are obtained for 818. keV +→2₁⁺ transition to be δ=1.52−

0.22

+0.26, and μ_k≤6.1×10−

4

respectively. The

E

2 branching ratio

B

(

E

2;

2₂

+→0_g⁺):

B

(

E

2;

2₂

+→2₁⁺):

B

(

E

2;

2₂

+→0₁⁺) is determined to be 0.0158:1.0:

5

.

86

.

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In this paper, we compare the results of early surgery with those of delayed surgery and discuss the indication of early surgery in 146 cases with ruptured vertebro-basilar aneurysms.
Depending on age, 146 cases were classified into 2 groups: 116 cases under 64 years old (Y-group) and 30 cases over 65 years old (-group).
Timing of operation (within 3 days after SAH: A, - days: , over days: ) and clinical grades by Hunt and Kosnik's classification without attendant were as follows: In Y-group, I-II 17, III , IV , V 1 in A, I-II , III in , I-II 60, III , IV 2 in . In -group, I-II , 2, IV 3 in A, III , IV 1 in , I-II 10, III 2, IV in .
Timing of the operation did not differ between the Y-group and -group, but the number of cases classified into HI and IV was significantly larger in the -group than in the Y-group.
Favorable results were obtained as follows : In the Y-group, I-II 15/17 (88%), III / (%), IV 2/ (40%), V 0/1 in A, I-II / (100%), III / (100%) in , I-II 54/60 (%), III / (56%), IV 1/2 (50%) in . In the -group, I-II 2/ (50%), III 0/2, IV 2/3 (66%) in A, III 0/, IV 0/1 in , I-II /10 (%), III 1/2 (50%), IV 0/ in .
As a whole, surgical results were better in the Y-group than in the -group.
Unfavorable outcomes due to surgical procedure in Grade I-II cases and primary brain damage in Grade III-IV cases were significantly frequent in the -group (3/14: 21%, /16: 56%) than in the Y-group (3/: 3%, 6/30: 20%).
In the Y-group, outcomes of Grade I-II cases and N cases were not significantly different in the timing of the operation, and the outcome of Grade III cases was better in cases operated on within days after SAH than in cases operated on over days after SAH.
In the -group, the outcome of Grade I-II cases was almost the same irrespective of the timing of the operation except cases over 70 years old with high positioned basilar bifurcation aneurysm.
Two out of 3 favorable cases of Grade III and IV were operated on within 3 days after SAH and those cases showed disturbance of consciousness due to acute hydrocephalus.
From these results and the results of the literature, which has shown a high incidence of deterioration during waiting for the operation in cases with ruptured vertebro-basilar aneurysms, it can be concluded that surgery must be performed as early as possible after SAH in all Grade I-II cases except cases over 70 years old with high positioned basilar aneurysms, and III and IV cases under 64 years old with ruptured vertebro-basilar aneurysms.
Early surgery is also indicated in Grade III and IV cases over 65 years old with disturbance of consciousness due to acute hydrocephalus.

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